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outrigger|ˈaʊtˌrɪgə(r)|
[f. out adv. + rig v.1 + -er1: but in various senses preceded by outligger, of which it may be in part an alteration.]
Something rigged out or projecting.
1. Naut.
a. A strong beam passed through the port-holes of a ship, used to secure the masts and counteract the strain in the act of careening;
b. A spar to haul out a sheet;
c. A small spar to thrust out and spread the breast-backstays;
d. A boom swung out to hang boats clear of a ship;
e. The cathead of a ship (Knight Dict. Mech.);
f. Any framework rigged up outside the gunwales of a ship.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789), Out-rigger, a strong beam of timber, of which there are several fixed on the side of a ship, and projecting from it, in order to secure the masts in the act of careening. Out-rigger is also a small boom, occasionally used in the tops to thrust out the breast-back⁓stays to windward, in order to increase their tension, and thereby give additional security to the top-mast. Ibid., Entennes, the props, or out-riggers, fixed on the side of a sheer-hulk, to support the sheers. 1858in Adm. Hornby's Biog. vi. (1896) 61, I have fitted two splendid outriggers of the fore- and main-top-gallant-masts, and if I can get some new royals shall do well. 1873Q. Rev. 121 Torpedoes have now been made available for ocean warfare..being carried into action either on an outrigger stretching ahead of a ship or towed abreast of the ship.
2. A contrivance used in the Indian and Pacific Oceans to steady the native canoe and prevent it from capsizing. Formerly called outligger, q.v.
A common form consists of a boat-shaped block of wood or bamboo, laid parallel to the length of the canoe, and joined to it at each end by long bamboo poles. Sometimes one, sometimes two of these are used.
1748Anson's Voy. iii. v. 341 The frame is intended to ballance the proa, and..is usually called an outrigger. Ibid., The mast, yard, boom, and outriggers are all made of bamboo. 1777Miller in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 174 They are about ten feet long, and about a foot broad, and have an outrigger on each side, to prevent their over-setting. 1838Poe A. G. Pym Wks. 1864 IV. 163 Sixty or seventy Rafts, or flatboats with outriggers. 1865Lubbock Prehist. Times xiii. (1869) 429 They use canoes..fitted with an outrigger.
3. a. An iron bracket, fixed to the side of a rowing boat, bearing a rowlock at its outer edge, so as to increase the leverage of the oar while allowing the boat to be constructed very narrow. b. A light boat fitted with such appendages, an outrigged boat; colloq. abbreviated to rigger.
According to the Badminton book on Rowing, outriggers were introduced on the Tyne between 1830 and 1840; they were first seen in London, and at Oxford and Cambridge, in 1844–5; an outrigger boat was built for the Cambridge crew for the University Boat-race of 1845, but not used till the next year, when both crews rowed in outriggers (April 3).
1845Illustr. Lond. News 29 Mar. 205/2 New Boat [for Cambridge crew]..She is an outrigger, built on the same principle as the boat brought from Newcastle by the Claspers, and used at the Thames Regatta. 1845Vice-Chancellor's Regul. Boats Oxford 3 Dec., All skiffs or boats constructed for less than four oars of which the rowlocks are projected from the sides by means of outriggers (commonly called Clasper-built boats). 1846Times 4 Apr. 6/5 (Boat race) The winners [Cantabs] rowed in a beautiful outrigger built by the eminent Searles, of Stangate. 1851Illustr. Lond. News 16 Aug. 222/2 A fatal accident, resulting from the use of the ‘outrigger’ below bridge. 1858J. Payn Foster Brothers xviii. (1859) 322 An innumerable fleet of fairy shallops, delicatest outriggers, wherein to sneeze is to be capsized. 1865Knight Pass. Work. Life III. i. 4 The solitary youth in his outrigger..training for the contest of a regatta. 1871F. J. Furnivall Trial Forewords 98 note, Mr. Beasley of St. John's will recollect our spending the leisure of a Long Vacation at Cambridge—was it 1845?—in building a pair of outriggers..the first really narrow ones ever built. 1900W. E. Sherwood Oxford Rowing 26 Oriel introduced the first outrigger this year [1844] in their four. Ibid. 97 The early outriggers were all clinker-built, and..were first made with outriggers to fold into the boat, for convenience in packing.
4. a. An addition to a wagon or farm-cart to increase its carrying capacity; a set of harvest-shelvings. local.
1794T. Davis Agric. Wilts 69 The waggons..seldom use any overlays or outriggers, either at the ends or sides.
b. An addition to a trailer to increase its carrying capacity.
1971M. Tak Truck Talk 113 Outriggers, the short brackets that extend, if needed, from the sides of a low⁓boy trailer. 1973Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 207 Outrigger, device used for increasing the width of a trailer.
5. a. Building and Mech. Applied to various structures placed so as to project from the face of a wall, a frame, etc., e.g. a beam projecting from a wall to support hoisting-tackle; the jib of a crane; a wheel or pulley outside the frame of a machine for the communication of motion, etc.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 51 The steam or impelling pulleys, frequently called riggers (outriggers? as they stand out from the side of the machine, like outrigger-sails in a ship) by engineers. 1863Q. Rev. CXIV. 311 Another platform was inserted under the lantern, and tied to the lower platform by a chain inside the tower and straps of iron out⁓side, and great shores from the outriggers of the lower platform completed the cradle in which the building was supported.
b. Aeronaut. A supporting structure that projects outwards from the main part of an aircraft or spacecraft.
1909Flight 27 Mar. 176/2 One of the most characteristic features of the machine is that derived from the appearance of the outrigger framework which carries the biplane elevator in front and the rigid biplane tail behind. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 20/2 In the pusher..the controlling surfaces are carried on an open frame (‘out⁓riggers’) in front, at the rear, or in both positions. 1928Chatfield & Taylor Airplane & its Engine xiii. 235 The tail surfaces of the flying boat are usually carried on the stern of the hull, but sometimes..they are supported on outriggers, or booms. 1969Times 3 June (Moon Suppl.) p. iii/7 The clusters were mounted on outriggers 90° apart on the ascent stage. 1978Aeroplane Monthly Jan. 6/1 The new W.11 [helicopter] used the same engine and transmission as the original design, but married them to a skeletal fuselage and outriggers with three three-bladed rotors.
6. An extension of the splinter-bar of a carriage, to admit of a second horse being harnessed alongside of that which is in the shafts; hence, An extra horse running outside the shafts.
Outriggers were also used with heavy gun-carriages.
1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. (1812) III. 273 So I see you drive here with an outrigger! 1844Mrs. Houston Yacht Voy. Texas II. 279 Sometimes a second horse is attached as an outrigger, and has a pretty effect. 1902E. L. Brandreth Note, I used to drive in India (1865) a cart with shafts intended for one horse (the common hill tonga), to which I often attached another fastened to an outrigger which consisted of a projecting piece of wood, so that the horses were driven like a pair.
7. fig. An outsider, not a regular member; an onhanger.
1852R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 177 It generally drew the picked men from each, to say nothing of outriggers and chance customers.
8. attrib. and Comb., as outrigger canoe, outrigger-sail, outrigger skiff, etc.; outrigger hoist, a hoisting apparatus rigged out from an outer wall: see sense 5.
1835Outrigger-sail [see sense 5]. 1853‘C. Bede’ (E. Bradley) Verd. Green (1857) 18 The former occupied his outrigger skiff. 1862Macm. Mag. Aug. 293 The famous six-oar outrigger boat of Harvard College. 1878Sci. Amer. XXXVIII. 223/1 (Improved Hoisting Machinery)..In the outrigger hoist..the advantages are that two pinion gears are employed, gearing into two large gears. 1892E. Reeves Homeward Bound 131 The other side [of the catamaran] is taken up by an outrigger keel about 7 feet off, attached to the boat by two long-arched, spider-like arms. 1908E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber ii. i. 238 The grandfathers of the blacks of Hinchinbrook Island..have been popularly credited with the art of making out-rigger canoes, such as were common a few miles to the north. 1967J. Severson Great Surfing 155 Outrigger canoe, a canoe employing the use of an outrigger. 1974‘M. Allen’ Super Tour (1975) ix. 322 The [Fijian] natives..rode in outrigger canoes.
Hence ˈoutˌriggered a., fitted with an outrigger; ˈoutˌriggerless a., without an outrigger.
1884Q. Rev. Apr. 326 Sailing boats of the ‘catamaran’ model, long black boats, outriggered. 1767Wallis Circumnav. Globe vi. (R. Suppl.), One of their sages..had..foretold that..an outriggerless canoe would come to their shores [Otaheite] from a distant land. 1884Bib. Soc. Rec. (N.Y.) Feb., Skilful paddlers propel their outriggerless canoes.
Add:[5.] c. A framework extending from the main chassis of some motor vehicles, on to which the body is mounted. Freq. attrib.
1959Motor 22 Apr. 425/1 To this main backbone, outrigger members are extended to the full width of the centre section of the body. 1959Autocar 24 Apr. 619/1 Fore and aft control of the wheels is by means of a tubular control rod at each side... At the front these are anchored to the rear outriggers of the frame. 1962T. P. Postlethwaite Triumph Herald Cars xiv. 194 The chassis side members are extended to form out-rigger portions and provide body-mounting points. 1976Eastern Even. News (Norwich) 9 Dec. 17/6 (Advt.), Triumph Herald, 1966, M.O.T.'d, new clutch, starter, sills, outriggers, not rot. 1983Truck & Bus Transportation July 50/3 These chassis will have ZF synchromesh overdrive gearboxes, outriggers will be deleted and..will be identical with the lower-powered route bus model. |