| 释义 |
▪ I. outrage, n.|ˈaʊtreɪdʒ|
Forms: 3–4 utrage, (4 uterage), 3– outrage; also 4–6 oultrage, 4–5 outtrage, owt(e)rage, 5–6 outerage, 6 owtrag.
[ME. a. OF. ultrage, oltrage (11th c. in Littré), oultrage, outrage (12th c.), = Pr. oltratge, Cat. ultratge, Sp. ultraje, It. oltraggio:—Com. Rom. type *ultragium (also med.L.), f. L. ultrā beyond + suff. -agium, -aggio, -age: see -age. In Eng. often analysed as from out and rage; a notion which affected the sense-development: cf. sense 2.]
†1.
a. The passing beyond established or reasonable bounds, want of moderation, intemperance; excess, extravagance, exaggeration: excessive luxury. Rarely with an and pl. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8900 Þe king vnderstod þat þe maide ne sede non outrage. 13..Cursor M. 28457 O mete and drink to do vtrage. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1516 Gret outrage we se In pompe and pride and vanité. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 459 We useþ no glotenye oþer outrage of mete and drynke. c1430Hymns Virg. 74/512 He loueþ more mesure þan outrage. 1484Caxton Royal Bk. F j, By suche excessys and suche oultrages comen and sourden many maladyes and sekenessys. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ii. 38 With equall measure she did moderate The strong extremities of their outrage.
b. Excess of boldness; foolhardiness, rashness; presumption. Obs.
1375Barbour Bruce xix. 408 For thame thoucht foly and outrage To gang wp to thame. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 114 Of a greate outrage, and more pride and presumpcion, she demaunded, to beare the noble and excellent Armes of Fraunce. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 42 Yet do not I commende rashenes or outrage.
†2.
a. Extravagant, violent, or disorderly action; mad or passionate behaviour, fury; tumult of passion, disorder; violence of language, insolence. Also rarely with an and pl. Obs. or arch.
a1330Otuel 329 Þauȝ otuwel speke outrage, For he was comen on message King Charles..[Nolde] soffre him habbe nouȝt bote god. c1375Cursor M. 6986 (Fairf) Qua herde euer of suche outerage? c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1154 Yet saugh I woodnesse laughynge in his rage Armed compleint out hees and fiers outrage. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 295 b, In this dissolute oultrage, and confusion of things. 1592Kyd Sp. Trag. iii. xii. 79 What meanes this outrage? Will none of you restraine his fury? 1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 106, I feare some out-rage, and Ile follow her. 1705J. Philips Blenheim (1715) 25 See, with what Outrage from the frosty North, The early Valiant Swede draws forth his Wings In Battailous Array. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 75 ⁋7, I bore the diminution of my riches without any outrages of sorrow. 1791Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 47 Mr. Burke, with his usual outrage, abuses the Declaration of the Rights of Man. 1845A. M. Hall Whiteboy ii. 10 The noise, and opposition, and outrage of the little resolute, but most mechanical, steamer.
b. Violent clamour; outcry. Obs.
a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III 50 They sodeinly put fyer in the lanthornes and make showtes and outrages from toune to toune. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 40 Hart cannot thinke what outrage and what cries,..The hell-bred beast threw forth unto the skies.
3. a. Violence affecting others; violent injury or harm. † to do outrage, to exercise violence, to do grievous injury or wrong to any one (obs.).
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 348/95 Al hire þouȝt was..to bi-þenche sum outrage Þat þis child were i-brouȝt of dawe for-to habbe is heritage. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3646 Þat þe scottes & þe picars dude hym gret outrage. 1390Gower Conf. I. 345 To..vengen him of thilke oultrage, Whiche was vnto his father do. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems. (Percy Soc.) 50 A laxatif dide hym so grete outrage. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxvii. 98 After that I had be auenged of his falsenes and oultrage. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 286 b, The townes men feared chiefly the oultrage of the souldiours. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 30 And playnd of grievous outrage, which he red A knight had wrought against a Ladie gent. 1614Raleigh Hist. World i. (1634) 154 To defend themselves from outrage. 1667Milton P.L. i. 500 The noyse Of riot ascends..And injury and outrage. 1781Cowper Lett. 5 Mar., Wherever there is war there is misery and outrage. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 271 Guilty of violent and inflammatory proceedings, and of acts of outrage.
b. with an and pl. A deed of violence committed against any one or against society; a violent injury or wrong; a gross or wanton offence or indignity.
agrarian outrage: see agrarian a.
[1306Rolls of Parlt. I. 211/2 Des amendes de trespas & d'outrages soulement faitz a nous.] c1380Sir Ferumb. 1669 Wilt þou þe selue & ous a slo þorw such a fol outtrage? 1529More Dyaloge iv. xviii. Wks. 285/2 Great outrages & temporal harmes that suche heretykes haue been alway wont to doe. 1584Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 434 To mentayne the peace..and suppresse outrages. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. i. 71 Prouided that you do no outrages On silly women, or poore passengers. 1791Burke Let. to R. Burke Corr. 1844 III. 226 The Emperor may likewise justly complain of the outrages offered to his sister. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. v. 151 All the chiefs of Greece..to avenge this outrage, sailed with a great armament to Troy. 1880McCarthy Own Times IV. liv. 154 Outrages began to increase in atrocity, boldness, and numbers.
fig.1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723) 155 A fresh Collection of this Fire committs the same Outrages as before.
c. transf. Said of gross or wanton wrong or injury done to feelings, principles, or the like.
1769Junius Lett. iv. 21 It is possible to condemn measures without a barbarous and criminal outrage against men. 1808Med. Jrnl. XIX. 562 If Mr. B. had not disgraced himself by this unpardonable outrage upon private feelings. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 621 To see him and not to spare him was an outrage on humanity and decency.
d. A person of strange or wild appearance, or one who is extravagant in behaviour.
1869‘Mark Twain’ Innoc. Abr. 35 Who is that smooth-faced, animated outrage yonder in the fine clothes? 1884― Huck. Finn 236 Blamed if he warn't the horriblest-looking outrage I ever see. 1909‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny 351 This old medical outrage floated down to my shack when I sent for him.
†4. A violent effort or exertion of force. rare.
1484Caxton Fables of æsop ii. vii, How in myn yong age I was stronge and lusty, And how I made grete outtrages and effors the whiche [etc.]. 1503Hawes Examp. Virt. vii. 95 He..bete theym downe by a grete outrage.
5. Comb. outrage-monger, one who trades in outrages, who employs (agrarian or other) outrages for political ends.
1882Daily News, [To] increase the force to such an extent that intending murderers or outragemongers will not be able to evade them. 1887Spectator 16 Apr. 517/1 We do not suppose that the outragemongers are playing Mr. Parnell's game.
▪ II. † outrage, a. (adv.) Obs.
[app. from the n.: not so used in Fr.]
= outrageous.
1. Intemperate, violent, presumptuous.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 263 Snowdon gan he hald, als his heritage, & prince þei him cald, þat bastard outrage. c1400Rowland & O. 199 Rowlande sayde: ‘Sir, thou art to outrage’. a1450Cov. Myst. vi. 62 (Shaks. Soc.) Of speche bethe not owtrage. c1470Henry Wallace v. 571 Felloune, owtrage, dispitfull in his deid.
2. Extravagant, wasteful, luxurious.
a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 499 Pryde hath wel leuer bere an hungry mawe To bedde, than lakke of array outrage. 1450–80tr. Secreta Secret. 8 The Rentis and profetis..myght not susteyne ne mayntene ther outrage dispenses. 1483Cath. Angl. 264/2 Outerage, excessiuus, prodigus jn expensis, superfluus. 1550Crowley Epigr. 1064 The idlenes of abbays made them outrage.
3. Excessive, severe: said of climate or weather.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiv. 65 Þare es owtrage calde, by cause it es at þe north syde of þe werld... On þe south syde..es it..so hate þat na man may dwell þare for þe owtrage hete. c1440Jacob's Well 155 Sykenes, or pouerte, or outerage wedyr, or fayling of frute.
4. Extraordinary, unusual, out of ordinary course.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 29 An aunter in erde I attle to schawe,..an outtrage awenture of Arthurez wonderez. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 119 Thynges outrage bien founde in every kynde.
B. as adv. Excessively, extraordinarily.
c1400Destr. Troy 3774 Aiax oelius was outrage grete.
▪ III. outrage, v.1|ˈaʊtreɪdʒ|
[f. outrage n.: cf. F. outrager, † oultrager (14–15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), It. oltraggiare, Sp. ultrajár. In all the obs. senses, and formerly in 2, stressed on -ˈrage.]
†1. intr. To go beyond bounds; to go to excess, act extravagantly or without self-restraint; to commit excesses, run riot. Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10892 Þoȝ þey outrage, ande do folly, He shal nat sle hem wyþ felony. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 187 Þere were i-made tweye consuls, þat ȝif þat oon wolde outrage, þe oþer myȝte hym restreyne. c1440Promp. Parv. 375/2 Owtragyn, or doon excesse, excedo. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) ix. vii. 356/1 Couetouse folke..outrage & seke to be in hygher degre of rychesses & of worshyp than theyr neyghbours ben. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 69 If three or foure great ones in Courte, will nedes outrage in apparell, in huge hose, in monstrous hattes. 1718Entertainer No. 40. 274 He outrages in Riot, and runs up to Seed in the grossest Impieties.
2. trans. To do violence to; to subject to outrage; to wrong grossly, treat with gross violence or indignity, injure, insult, violate.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 5 Ah heavens! that doe this hideous act behold, And heavenly virgin thus outraged see. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, Wks. 1879 I. 745/1 The news..put divers young bloods into such a fury, as the English ambassadors were not without peril to be outraged. 1663Pepys Diary 10 May, The Bishop of Galloway was besieged in his house by some women, and had like to have been outraged. 1726Pope Odyss. xvi. 296 If outrag'd, cease that outrage to repel. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iv. I. 464 In peace he continued to plunder and to outrage them. Ibid. x. II. 600 The king stopped, robbed, and outraged by ruffians.
absol.1884Nonconf. & Indep. 14 Feb. 151/1 Plundering, outraging, and practising every form of oppression.
b. To violate or infringe flagrantly (law, right, authority, morality, any principle).
1725–6Pope's Odyss. (J.), This interview outrages all decency. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 74 They were charged..with..the offence of outraging public morality and virtue. 1871Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. i. x. 291 [Frederick II] contrived, by the circumstances of his vices, to outrage contemporary sentiment in a way in which his vices alone would not have outraged it.
†3. intr. To break away, stray: see outray v.1 1.
1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 62 Hir curage..was goddys to serue From whos seruyce she nolde outrage.
†4. trans. To drive out by force. Obs. rare— 1.
14..Lydg. Bochas ii. xv. (MS. Bodl. 263) lf. 117/2 To putte their labour in execucioun And to outrage, this is veray trouthe, Fro mannys liff, necligence & slouthe.
†5. intr. (Influenced by rage v.) To burst out into rage, to be furious, to rage; to rush out in rage. Obs.
1548Cranmer Catech. 23 b, When you shall heare other outragyng with such horrible curses, flye from theym as frome pestilence. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xxv. 8 Though the wicked outraged ageinst him without cause. 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 65 So rushing to the streets I posted in anger. But my feete embracing, my pheere me in the entrye reteyned, Too father owtraging thee soon [i.e. the son] shee tendred Iülus. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine ix. 42 Alexander, outraged not against his enemies, but his especiall friends.
Add:[2.] c. To cause (a person) to feel profound resentment, anger, or shock; to offend deeply. Also absol.
1921Galsworthy To Let ii. iii. 152 Jon listened, bewildered, almost outraged by his father's words, behind which he felt a meaning that he could not reach. 1932W. Faulkner Light in August viii. 177 He had been not hurt or astonished so much as outraged. 1966Listener 6 Oct. 495/2 The latest graduate revue..does not outrage, but it does not try. 1987J. Uglow George Eliot 6 Her union with George Henry Lewes had so outraged her brother Isaac..that he refused to communicate with her.
▪ IV. † outˈrage, v.2 Obs. rare.
[perh. f. out- + rage v. But very prob. arising from erroneous analysis of outrage v.1: cf. prec. 5.]
1. trans. To rage against.
1584Hudson Du Bartas' Judith iii. in Sylvester's Wks. (1621) 718 All this could not the peoples thirst asswage; But thus with murmurs they their Lords out-rage.
2. To surpass in rage or violence. [out- 18.]
1742Young Nt. Th. iii. 164 Their Will the Tyger suck'd, outrag'd the Storm. |