| 释义 |
▪ I. output, n.|ˈaʊtpʊt|
[out- 7.]
1. a. The act or fact of putting or turning out; production; the quantity or amount produced; the product of any industry or exertion, viewed quantitatively; the result given to the world. (Orig. a technical or local term of iron-works, coal-mines, etc.; app. not in general Dicts. till after 1880.)
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Out-put, a term in the iron trade for the make of metal or annual quantity made. 1872Daily News 1 Aug., The output in that district [the steam coal field of Northumberland] would not exceed five million tons per annum. 1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 285 The copper out-put remains substantially as it was last year. 1879Dowden Southey vii. 194 It is the out-put of a large and vigorous mind. 1879M. Pattison Milton xiii. 215 If this were the average output of a popular book, the inference would be that Paradise Lost was not such a book. 1892Stevenson Across the Plains 285 Such an income as a clerk will earn with a tenth..of your nervous output. 1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 30 May 34 Dislocation of other factories depending on the Billancourt output. 1959C. Singer Short Hist. Sci. Ideas iv. 116 This drug book [of Pliny's] is the prototype of the medical output of the next fifteen hundred years. 1965Seldon & Pennance Everyman's Dict. Econ. 315 Output is normally understood to be gross output; but..the most useful definition..relates to gross output less the goods and services used in production; this amount is called net output. 1971Cabinet Maker & Retail Furnisher 24 Sept. 524/1 The United Kingdom is the planned market for 80% of the output. 1972Value Added Tax: Gen. Guide (H.M. Customs) 16 The goods and services he [sc. the taxable person] supplies are called his outputs and the tax he charges is his output tax. 1976Times 21 May 4/1 Manpower Paper No. 8...estimated the output of graduates to 1981.
b. Physiol. Applied to the waste material expelled from the body by the lungs, skin, and kidneys, as opposed to the income or material taken into the bodily system. (The undigested matter or fæces are not included on either side.)
1883M. Foster Physiol. (1889) ii. v. §521 The output [edd. 1877–79 outcome] may be regarded as consisting of (1) the respiratory products of the lungs, skin, and alimentary canal,..(2) of perspiration, consisting chiefly of water and salts..and (3) of the urine.
c. Energy produced by a device or system; spec. an electrical signal delivered by, or available from, an electronic device.
1884S. P. Thompson Dynamo-Electr. Machinery vii. 113 The result is an extraordinary increase in the ‘output’, or, as Sir William Thomson terms it, ‘activity’ (i.e. amount of work done per second) of the machine. 1902,1933[see input n. 2 b]. 1956B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 57 The equipment used in studio control cubicles for selecting and mixing the outputs of the various microphones. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio i. 17 The output of individual studios is fed in ‘live’, and linked together by station identification and continuity announcements. 1969Times 7 Mar. 15/1 A television camera scans the object to be viewed, and output from the camera controls whether the pad vibrates. 1975Which? Sept. 258/1 For the same output of heat, one of the gas fires..might land you with a bill of {pstlg}26 a year, another with one of only {pstlg}16. 1976Gramophone June 116/3 Using the Bruel and Kjaer wave analyser to measure separate harmonics, rather than distortion factor including noise, suggested even lower figures: 0.048% at full output, 0.038% at -20dB and 0.074% at -30dB.
d. Computers. Data or results produced by a computer; also, the physical medium on which these are represented.
1948Math. Tables & Other Aids to Computation III. 7 The ‘output’ or result of computation consists of numbers only. It has been proposed..to build a ‘thinking’ machine whose output would be orders rather than numbers. 1949[see input n. 2 d]. 1959E. M. McCormick Digital Computer Printer ix. 133 The output punch could be activated and would punch the output into the card. 1964F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers vi. 105 Quite sophisticated computers use punched cards as a supplementary output. 1967D. Wilson in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. iii. 44 Figure 3.1 outlines the basic steps for validating (editing), processing (sorting and calculating, etc.), and recording the output (writing the data on magnetic tape or disk, printing out, etc.). 1971P. Harvey Computer Sci. vii. 102 If a decimal print out is required for visual inspection the binary output must be converted to a form suitable for operating a printer.
e. Linguistics. A structure resulting from the application of a lexical, grammatical, or phonological rule. Cf. input n. 2 f.
1961, etc. [see input n. 2 f]. 1968P. M. Postal Aspects Phonol. Theory iii. 34 The phonetic representations are the final output of the entire set of phonological rules. 1970Language XLVI. 261 The use of transformational rules applied to the output of structure-free grammars. 1971Archivum Linguisticum II. 139 We can represent the output of the realization rules in the conventional way, partly by orthographic forms and partly by generalized morpheme-symbols such as -s.
2. A place where, or device through which, an output is delivered by a system, esp. an electronic device.
1933,1946[see input n. 3]. 1958Electronic Engin. XXX. 1/2 The weakest part of a computer installation is, in general, the input and output which is usually slow compared with the speed of the machine itself. 1962D. S. Halacy Computers iii. 66 (caption) A high-speed printer is the output of this computer. 1973N. H. Crowhurst Basic Audio Syst. (1974) ix. 169 The essential ingredients of a feedback loop..are: an amplifier of some sort and feedback from output to input.
3. The action or process of supplying an output.
1947[see input n. 4]. 1947D. R. Hartree Calculating Machines 12 Functions of calculating machine components... (iii) Input (reception of data from the outside world). (iv) Output (supply of results to the outside world). (v) Transfer. (vi) Control. 1960Gregory & Van Horn Automatic Data-Processing Syst. ii. 64 Output of results is the fourth stage in the flow of data. 1967D. Wilson in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. iii. 46 In the early types of machine, input, computing, and output occurred serially so that large areas of expensive hardware were unused for much of the time. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xi. 154 When a computer is used for process control, the input and output is largely effected via..devices which convert analogue to digital information and vice versa.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attributive, as output circuit, output device, output impedance, output punch, output routine, output stage, output transformer, output tube, output unit, output valve;
b. constituting output, as output current, output power, output voltage.
1920H. J. Van der Bijl Thermionic Vacuum Tube vii. 178 Distortionless amplification is obtained if the amplified current in the output circuit is..an exact enlarged reproduction of the input current. 1973N. H. Crowhurst Basic Audio Syst. (1974) vi. 118 The input circuit requires a fixed component of voltage or current to insure that the device operates at the correct combination of voltage and current in its output circuit.
1920H. J. Van der Bijl Thermionic Vacuum Tube vii. 168 This would produce distortion since the output current is not an exact reproduction of the input. 1962Simpson & Richards Junction Transistors ix. 219 The shift due to the rise in ambient temperature is thus relatively small and can be tolerated for peak-to-peak output-current swings of about 7mA.
1929K. Henney Princ. Radio xii. 281 Output devices are used to (1) keep d.c. current from the loud speaker winding; (2) Prevent serious loss in plate voltage; [etc.]. 1948,1968Output device [see input device s.v. input n. 5].
1930Moyer & Wostrel Pract. Radio Construction & Repairing (ed. 2) iv. 54 The plate resistance..in the case of audio-frequency amplification may be considered as the output impedance. 1962J. H. & P. J. Reyner Radio Communication x. 409 (heading) Effect of feedback on output impedance.
1920H. J. Van der Bijl Thermionic Vacuum Tube vii. 237 If the tube is used to amplify modulated high-frequency oscillations..it must obviously be capable of giving a much larger out⁓put power. 1972IEEE Trans. Geoscience Electronics X. 13/1 A CW output power of 1 W with a power efficiency of 70 percent has been achieved.
1959Output punch [see sense 1 d]. 1962Gloss. Terms Automatic Data Processing (B.S.I.) 96 Automatic tape punch, output punch [deprecated], a tape punch which automatically transcribes coded electrical signals into rows of holes in a paper tape and moves the tape as necessary. Ibid. 43 Output routine, a routine which organizes the output process of a computer, e.g. starts the output equipment, presents data to it at suitable intervals of time, and specifies format.
1926Wireless World 1 Sept. 317/2 If, however, we are not within five miles of a B.B.C. station, the value of extra low impedance in the output stage is unnecessary. 1962J. H. & P. J. Reyner Radio Communication x. 409 Voltage feedback..has the effect of reducing the effective internal impedance of the output stage.
1929K. Henney Princ. Radio xii. 281 An output transformer is necessary to provide maximum energy transfer from the tube to the speaker. 1968L. G. Sands Easy Way to service Radio Receivers (1973) ii. 52 Between points 1 and 3 you should get a higher resistance reading... If not, the output transformer may be grounded.
1929J. H. Morecroft Elem. Radio Communication vii. 242 If the speaker is to use 100 milliwatts on the average,..the output tube should be drawing from its battery at least 10 watts. 1959M. H. Wrubel Primer of Programming i. 9 In some cases the output unit can produce a printed sheet of answers directly; in other cases..the cards or tapes produced by the computer must be fed into an auxiliary machine.
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 603/2 Output valve. 1942Electronic Engin. XIV. 726 The stages in the receiver are covered in sequence from R.F. amplifiers to L.F. output valves.
1937W. G. Dow Fund. Engin. Electronics 267 The useful output voltage..is the alternating component of the voltage across RL. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 259 Where a microphone impedance is strongly capacitative..its output voltage is fed to the grid of a valve.
▪ II. output, v.
I. (outˈput) [out- 15.]
†1.
a. trans. To put out, expel, eject, dismiss. Obs. (In ME. chiefly two words, esp, in pa. pple.)
a1300E.E. Psalter v. 11 Out put þam þare þai sal be, Laverd, for þai taried þe. a1340Hampole Psalter xxxv[i]. 13 Output þai ere of paradise. c1350Winchester Usages in Eng. Gilds 362 Be þe askere out putte for euere. 1563Aberd. Reg. XXV. (Jam.), To imput and outpute the tenentis. 1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Ballivus, Chalmerlanes in⁓put and out-put be the Comptroller. a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1829) II. 30 Thay first mell with the five cinque portis, inputtis and outputtis governouris at their plesour.
b. To put forth, put outside. Obs.
1615Jackson Creed iv. viii. §2 Outputting their neighbour's goods for him to drive, or harbouring such as they could not but know to be boot-hailers.
†2. To utter, issue (false coin): see outputter 2, outputting 2. Sc. Obs.
1576in Pitcairn Crim. Trials (1833) I. ii. 64 Penneis, falslie cuinȝeit and stampit; quhilkis wer output be him.
†3. To provide (soldiers). Obs.
1640[see outputter 3].
II.
4. (ˈoutput) [f. output n.] To put out, turn out, produce.
1858Geologist I. 352 It was their business to output coal and not stone. 1886Pall Mall G. 18 Feb. 1/1 The great water power of the Mississippi at Minneapolis enables the millers there to output some 1,200 tons of flour per day. 1946Nature 12 Oct. 504/1 Results are output in the form of punched cards. 1965K. Nicol Elem. Programming vii. 31 A comparable output device is the graphical plotter which can directly output the results of a calculation as curves or points on a paper chart. 1972P. B. Gove in H. D. Weinbrot New Aspects Lexicogr. 153 The Seventh Collegiate..has been completely programmed so that most of the relationships seen by the eye on a printed page can be output by the computer. 1976Physics Bull. July 298/2 The most common device for inputting and outputting information is still the venerable teletype. |