| 释义 |
▪ I. outline, n.|ˈaʊtlaɪn|
[f. out- 3 + line n.2]
1. a. pl. The lines, real or apparent, by which a figure is defined or bounded in the plane of vision; the sum of these lines forming the contour of a figure.
1662Evelyn Chalcogr. i. v. 109 Penning the Contours, and out lines with a more even and acute touch. 1718Gildon Art Poetry I. 227 Who is it that draws the Out⁓lines? Why the Master-Painter, and Journeymen fill them up with Colours, Shades, and Lights. 1753Hogarth Anal. Beauty 9 The true and full idea of what is call'd the out⁓lines of a figure. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. III. 301 Charmed by the bold outlines and rich tints of the hills. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xix. 334 Suppose the outlines of the various countries of the world depicted on a globular bladder.
b. sing. The contour or outer boundary thus defined.
1828Scott F.M. Perth xxiii, He lifted up his eyes, and beheld in the distance the black outline of a gallows. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 21 A mountain wall projected its jagged outline against the sky. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xii. (1878) 243 Neither could see more than the other's outline.
fig.1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. IV. li. 18 She said, in a low melodious voice, with syllables which had what might be called a foreign but agreeable outline.
2. a. A sketch or drawing in which an object is represented by lines of contour without shading.
1735H. Jacob Wks. 391 Carracio, esteem'd for Contours, or Out-Lines, at Bologna. 1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 32 If your pattern is only an out-line, it will be the better, as you will finish your piece after it with more ease. 1868Free-hand Drawing (Nimmo) 53 The outlines and finished views of these casts are given separately.
b. in outline, with only the outline drawn, represented, or visible.
1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. vii, Carrick shore, Dim seen in outline faintly blue. 1844Ld. Houghton Mem. of Many Scenes, Death of Day 164 The hills in clear outline..Stand forth. Mod. The figure of a horse drawn in outline. A map of England showing the counties in outline merely.
c. The representation of a word in shorthand.
1850Phonography, or, Phonetic Shorthand 1/2 It [sc. Phonography] is..as intelligible as speech itself;..and as used in verbatim reporting, a perfect and intelligible outline. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 839/2 By this method the number of possible readings of an unvocalized outline is greatly reduced. 1898[see Pitman]. 1933D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise i. 14 He..went on dictating and my hand was so shaky I could hardly make my outlines. 1969G. Charlesworth Effective Teaching Techniques in Commercial Subjects 9 The difficulty of outlines should be very gradually increased and only one point of theory at a time should be so revised. 1973E. M. Arlett So You want to be a Shorthand Typist ii. 18 The pen races smoothly over the pages, filling them with neat outlines that presently will be read back with practised ease.
d. Typogr. A display type-face in which the letters are drawn only in outline, perhaps with added shading. Also attrib.
1878Specimens of Newspaper, Book & Ornamental Founts (Sir Charles Reed & Sons), Grotesque Outline... Clarendon Outline... English Black Outline. 1970W. P. Jaspert et al. Encycl. Type Faces (ed. 4) 243 Zephyr... An accentuated outline titling, giving a somewhat three-dimensional effect.
3. a. A rough draught or general sketch in words; a description, giving a general idea of the whole, but leaving details to be filled in. Also, a précis of a proposed article, novel, scenario, etc.
1759Sterne Tr. Shandy I. xxiii, There are others again, who will draw a man's character from no other helps..but merely from his evacuations;—but this often gives a very incorrect outline. 1795L. Murray Eng. Gram. Introd. 8 A distinct general view, or outline, of all the essential parts of the study. 1865R. W. Dale Jew. Temp. xix. (1877) 217, I have given a bare outline of the contents of this passage. 1928E. O'Neill Strange Interlude i. iv. 123 Charlie's coming to bring his suggestions on my outline for Gordon's biography. 1967H. Van Siller Biltmore Call 164 You know the way he worked. A short outline first, then the first draft. 1968D. Francis Forfeit i. 9 And when you've thought out how you'd like to present it, send us an outline. 1969L. Hellman Unfinished Woman vi. 66 It was..too hard to write a shooting script, or even an outline, about a war I did not know. 1976D. Quinn Limbo Connection xi. 189 It is a good story... I just delivered a few pages of outline to my agent... So let nobody forget, I own the film rights.
b. in pl. The main features or leading characteristics of any subject; the general principles.
1710Steele Tatler No. 182 ⁋6 His Drama at present has only the Out-Lines drawn. 1751Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) II. 249 The faint rudiments, at least, or out-lines, of a general distinction between actions. 1864Pusey Lect. Daniel (1876) 157 All, who speak of that division, agree in the great outlines.
†4. The outer line, the border line. Obs. rare.
1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. ii. 624 The shining Squadrons fly To th' Out-lines, and the Frontiers of the Sky.
5. Fishing. A set-line or ledger-line. U.S.
6. attrib. and Comb., as outline-drawing, outline-map, outline-sketch; outline plan, a draft or sketch lacking many details; outline planning permission, permission sought by or from an authority, for building, demolition, or industrial development; so outline planning application; outline stitch, in Embroidery, stitch used to indicate an outline; spec. = stem stitch.
1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 47 Delicate and finely undulating outline drawing. 1882J. Collier Primer of Art 25 When the boundaries of an object are represented apart from its other qualities, the process is called outline drawing.
a1904Mod. The use of outline maps in teaching geography.
1972Guardian 5 Aug. 11/2 Westminster City Council are sitting on outline plans to knock down..a tenement of 89 flats.
1968Act 16 & 17 Eliz. II c. 72 §66 ‘Outline planning permission’ means planning permission granted, in accordance with the provisions of a development order, with the reservation for subsequent approval by the local planning authority or the Minister of matters..not particularised in the application. 1971Reader's Digest Family Guide to Law 100/1 If the householder does not wish to spend a lot of money on detailed plans and drawings, he can submit brief details and ask for approval of the building work in principle. If this outline planning permission is granted, it will justify further expenditure on more detailed plans. 1973Guardian 25 Apr. 8/7 A meeting has been called..to protest against an outline planning application.. for underground mining in the parish.
1865Lubbock Preh. Times vii. (1869) 232 The facts already ascertained..supply us with the elements of an outline sketch.
188.Weldon's Pract. Needlewk. II. 7/1 Crewel or Stem Stitch, also called Outline Stitch, is the chief and most-used stitch for crewel work. 189.Jrnl. Decorative Needlewk. Ser. ii. No. 12. 4 The Bayeux Outline Stitch consists simply of one laid strand tied down. 1908M. E. Morgan How to Dress Doll iii. 34 Fill in with the chain or outline stitch and work with the embroidery buttonhole stitch. 1960B. Snook Eng. Hist. Embroidery 14 Couching, laid-work and outline stitch are used.
▪ II. outline, v.|ˈaʊtlaɪn|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To draw or trace the exterior line of; to draw in outline.
c1790J. Imison Sch. Art II. 28 Having outlined the folds, and the other parts of drapery, you may next attempt the shadowing your figure. 1853Ruskin Stones Ven. II. iii. §28. 46 The ornament is merely outlined upon them with a fine incision. 1886Corbett Fall of Asgard I. 12 Two fierce dragons were outlined on its haft.
b. To indicate or define the outline of; in pa. pple. having the outline sharply defined to the eye.
1817L. Hunt Poems, On the Avon, All things appear Strong outlined in the spacious atmosphere. 1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Leg. (repr.) 176 The great room was out⁓lined with laurel leaves. 1884Harper's Mag. Jan. 197/1 White marble crosses.., outlined against the blue sky. 1889Times 14 Nov. 5/4 The Imperial yacht is outlined with lights, producing a charming effect. 189.Jrnl. Decorative Needlewk. Ser. ii. No. 12. 13 A line of the finest gold thread might outline everything.
c. To trace or ascertain the outline of (an area).
1890Nature 30 Oct. 651 It has not yet been found possible to outline exactly the eastern limit of the sea. 1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases xxiii. 355 Careful outlining of the upper and lower boundaries [of the area] may discover a limited and dome-like increase in one direction.
2. To describe the broad outlines or main features of; to sketch in general terms.
1855Motley Dutch Rep. Introd. (1858) 40 The early progress of the religious reformation..will be outlined in a separate chapter. 1880Daily News 18 Dec., The scheme outlined in Mr. Bright's speech.
Hence ˈoutlined ppl. a.; ˈoutlining vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1798W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXVI. 249 Accompanied with outlined engravings of their leading works. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxi. (1856) 273 An outlined ridge of doubtful mountain land. 1883Athenæum 17 Nov. 643/2 The beautiful outlining which characterizes [the] etchings. 1896Daily News 23 Oct. 2/2 Only fragmentary pillars and remnants of outlining walls..remain. |