| 释义 |
▪ I. † outligger1, outlicker Naut. Obs.
Forms: α. 5, 8 outligger, 5 -lygger, owtlegger, 6 outleger, 7–8 -lager, 8 -leager, -layer. β. 6 outlicar, 7–8 -licker, 8 -leaker; 7 -looker.
[Prob. a dial. form of outlier (cf. ligger n.), subsequently corrupted in various ways by those to whom the dial. lig, to lie, was unknown. Du. has analogous uses of uitlegger, -ligger ‘outlier’; but the later date of this prevents it (notwithstanding Dampier's assertion: see sense 2) from being viewed as the source of the Eng. word.
Du. uitlegger ‘outlier’ appears in Kilian, 1599, only in the sense of ‘stationary guard-ship lying out in front of a port, etc.’ From 1671 (Witsen Scheeps-bouw 55 a) it is found in a sense akin to 1 below. The ‘outrigger’ of the Indian seas (sense 2) is described in Du. works from c 1600 without any name; in Valentijn Oud en Nieuw Oost Indien I. 2 (1724) it is called vlerk (i.e. wing), the name still in common use; but beside it the name uitlegger is found in Dutch dictionaries of the 19th c. (Twent Zeemans Woordenb. 147 b, 1813, etc.) Thus, so far as yet known, both uses of uitlegger are later than the corresponding senses of the Eng. word.]
1. A spar projecting from a vessel to extend some sail, or to make a greater angle for some rope, etc.; esp.
a. A long and stout spar extended from the poop to haul down the mizen-sheet.
α1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 23 Stuff of the Ienete..Item, a pompe..an out lygger .j. tope mast: a chest with gonne stones. 1485Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 51 Outliggers..j, Bitakles..j, Pumps..ij. 1495Ibid. 156 Owte lyggers for the Sterne of a smale ship. Ibid. 272 Owtleggers at Sterne..j. 1558W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 124 By the euill worke of his men the shippe fell aboorde of vs..and the shippes wailes were broken with her outleger.
β1594N. Downton in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. ii. 200 Whereby the ship fell to the sterne of the out-licar of the Carack, which (being a piece of timber) so wounded her fore⁓saile, that they sayd they could come no more to fight. 1625Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. MS. 2301), Ye Out-Licker. Is a small peece of timber (some two or three yardes long as they have occasion to vse it) and it is made fast to the top of the Poope and so standes right out asterne. [1644 H. Manwayring Sea-man's Dict. expands this greatly, and says ‘The use of this is to hale-downe the Missen’. Hence in Phillips 1674, Chambers Cycl. 1727, etc.] 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 29 Trie her with a crose jacke, bowse it vp with the outlooker.
b. A spar to thrust out the breast-back-stays: = outrigger 1 c.
1731Capt. W. Wriglesworth MS. Log-bk. of the ‘Lyell’ 1 May, This morning got outlickers out in the Tops, and the David out forward for a lower outlicker.
2. A contrivance used with canoes in the Indian and Pacific Oceans to prevent capsizing under a press of sail: = outrigger 2.
1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 299 Along the belly-side of the Boat, parallel with it at about 6 or 7 foot distance, lies another..being a Log of very light Wood, almost as long as the great Boat,..there are two Bamboas..by the help of which the little Boat is made firm and contiguous to the other. These are generally called by the Dutch, and by the English from them, Outlagers [ed. 1729 out-layers]. Ibid. 492 We had a good substantial Mast, and a mat Sail, and good Outlagers lasht very fast and firm on each side..made of strong poles. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xxxviii. 71 Fitted them [Canoaes] with Out-leagers to keep them from over-turning,..but in the Way one of the Boats lost her Out-leager, and drowned all her Crew. 1744A. Dobbs Hudson's Bay 68 To prevent even these Canoes from oversetting, by Outlagers or blown Bladders fixed to their Sides. 1747W. Horsley Fool (1748) II. 301 These Vessels are built on one Side upright as a Wall;..on the Wall Side, are laid small Poles, called Out-Liggers by the Sea-men. 1755T. Amory Mem. (1766) II. 156 note, This kind of boat is four foot broad..the greatest danger is its oversetting, and this may always be prevented..by placing two men on the windward outlayer.
β1707W. Funnell Voy. viii. 228–9 They had two long Poles put out of one side..at the end of which was a long piece of Plank..of the same shape, and about one fourth of the bigness of the bottom of the Boat. This piece..altogether; is called the Out-leaker. This is always the Weather-side; and the use of it is to keep the Boat from over-setting.
▪ II. † ˈoutˌligger2 Obs.
[f. out- + ligger.]
In Reaping, One who made bands for the sheaves and laid the corn in them for the binder. So † outligging vbl. n. or ppl. a.
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 49 An outligger carryeth only one loome to the field, and that is..an outligginge rake, or a gatheringe rake. Ibid., A good outligger is knowne by followinge close vnto him that shee gathereth after, and likewise by makinge of her bandes; for some outliggers twine theire bandes, and others againe make them of pulled corne. |