| 释义 |
▪ I. appetite, n.|ˈæpɪtaɪt|
Forms: 4–5 apetyte, 5 -yght, appetit, -yt, appatyt, 5–6 apetite, 6 -ide, appetyd(e, 4–6 appetyte, 4– appetite.
[a. OFr. apetit, ad. L. appetītus desire toward, f. appetĕre: see appete.]
Const. for; formerly to, of, and inf.
1. Bent of the mind toward the attainment of an object or purpose; desire, inclination, disposition.
1382Wyclif Ezek. xxi. 16 Whidir euere is the appetit, or desier, of thi face. 1494Fabyan vii. ccxxii. 247 To staunche y⊇ apetyte of his couetyse mynde. 1528More Heresyes iv. Wks. 273/1 Suche cruell appetyte..ascrybe they to the benygne nature of almyghtye God. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iii. xi, These Concupiscible and Irascible Appetites..twining about the heart. 1756Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. I. 12 This society, founded in natural appetites..I shall call natural society. a1871Grote Eth. Fragm. v. (1876) 129 Obeying without reflection the appetite of the moment.
b. with the object of desire expressed.
c1400Destr. Troy xxii. 9104 Achilles hade appetite..The Citie for to se. 1549Latimer 7 Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 103 She dyd it not for appetite of vengeaunce. 1614Raleigh Hist. World II. iv. vi. §5. 239 Ptolomie had a great appetite..to the Isle of Cyprus. 1775Sheridan Rivals v. i, With such an appetite for consolation. 1875Hamerton Intell. Life ii. i. 48 Gratification of an appetite for melody or colour.
2. vaguely, Inclination, preference, liking, fancy. to or after one's appetite: just as one pleases, so as to suit one's tastes. arch.
1490Caxton Eneydos xix. 71 That I myghte vse my lif to myn appetyte and..be at my fre wyll. 1526Skelton Magnyf. 1437 Syr, ye shall follow mine appetyte and intent. 1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Z ij, This oratour spake after the appetite of them that bee in prosperitie. 1580Lyly Euphues 248, I have an appetite it were best for me to take a nap. 1860Motley Netherl. (1868) I. v. 237 He will make a treaty according to the appetite and pleasure of his Highness.
3. esp. The determinate desire to satisfy the natural necessities, or fulfil the natural functions, of the body; one of those instinctive cravings which secure the preservation of the individual and the race.
1366Mandeville xix. 157 The folk..han but litille appetyt to mete. 1393Gower Conf. II. 102 Which ȝiveth great appetite To slepe. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. Prol. 3 Naturally As Woman and Man has appetyte. 1601Holland Pliny II. 443 Craifishes..in wine..moue appetite to the siege. 1711Addison Spect. No. 120 ⁋4 The most violent Appetites in all Creatures are Lust and Hunger. 1855Bain Sens. & Intell. ii. iii. §1 (1864) 255, I am of opinion that Appetite, being a species or form of Volition, is..a combination of instinct and education. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. vii. 147 We have those appetites so long as we remain in the flesh.
4. spec. Craving for food, hunger.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 7235 Sum of hem [chyldryn] wex ful tyte, Þarfore ys more here appetyte. 1375Barbour Bruce iii. 541 Thai eyt It with full gud will, That soucht nane othir salss thar-till Bot appetyt. 1444Pol. Poems II. 220 Whoo that is hungry, and hath no thyng but boonys To staunche his apetyght. 1509Fisher Wks. 294 She restrayned her appetyte tyl one mele and tyl one Fysshe on the day. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. iv. 38 Now good digestion waite on Appetite, And health on both. a1652Brome Demoiselle Prol., 'Tis appetite makes dishes, 'tis not cooks. 1857Buckle Civilis. xi. 629 Men must have appetite before they will eat.
b. transf. or fig.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. viii. §2 Learning doth minister to all the diseases of the mind..sometimes helping digestion, sometimes increasing appetite. 1825Bro. Jonathan III. 286 The truth was too insipid for..your pampered appetite.
5. Capacity for food, feeling as regards food; relish.
c1398Chaucer Fortune 55 Wikke appetyt comth ay before sykeness. 1542Boorde Dyetary ix. (1870) 252 Althoughe he haue eate ynoughe, whan he seth better meate come before hym, agaynst his appetyde he wyll eate. 1711Addison Spect. No. 7 ⁋2, I have seen a Man in Love..lose his appetite. 1830Hor. Smith Tin Trump. 30 Appetite—a relish bestowed upon the poorer classes, that they may like what they eat, while it is seldom enjoyed by the rich, because they may eat what they like.
†6. Of things: Natural tendency towards. Obs.
1626Bacon Sylva §293 In all Bodies, there is an Appetite of Union. 1667Boyle Orig. Forms & Qual., Matter hath no appetite to these Accidents more then to any others.
7. The object of desire or longing. arch.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 822 Hontyng..is his joye and his appetyt. c1500Partenay 2896 Ha! Melusine, my hertes Appetite. 1642Rogers Naaman To Reader §2 Adam was so created, that God was his appetite. 1798Wordsw. Lines Tintern Abb. 81 The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood..were then to me An appetite.
†8. Something used to create an appetite; a whet, a relish. (So in Fr.) Obs.
1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 191 English Cives [Chives], otherwise called Appetites. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Herring, Red Herrings..salted and dried..they cry in the Streets of Paris by the Name of Appetite.
▪ II. † ˈappetite, v. Obs.
[f. prec. n. Cf. to stomach.]
1. To have an appetite for; to desire greatly, long for, seek after.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1582 As matier apetiteth forme alwey [v.r. appetith; see appete]. 1481Caxton Myrr. i. v. 17 Thise philosophres apetyted not these grete mangeries. 1502Ord. Cryst. Men (W. de W.) i. vii. (1506) 53 It behoueth yt a creature resonable loue god and hym appetyte soueraynly. 1652Culpepper Eng. Phys. (ed. Parkins 1809) 220 Such whose stomachs are so weak they cannot..appetite it.
b. with inf. phr.
1484Caxton Curial 2 She appetyteth and desireth to haue that thyng whyche she hath not. 1531Elyot Governor 70 (T.) Appetiting by generation to bring forth his semblable.
2. To fulfil the desires of, satisfy.
1509Fisher Wks. (1876) 251 Persons inordynately desyrous for to haue worldly pleasures..shall neuer be..appetyted. |