| 释义 |
osteo-|ˈɒstɪəʊ|
before a vowel also oste-, combining form of Gr. ὀστέο-ν bone, entering into many derivatives, chiefly anatomical: see the more important words in their alphabetical places.
osteo-ˈaneurysm, pulsating tumour of a bone. osteoarˈthritic a., of, pertaining to, or affected by osteoarthritis. ‖ osteoarˈthritis [Gr. ἀρθρῖτις gout], degeneration of the joints of the body, which occurs to a greater or lesser extent from the third decade of life, is manifested as pain, discomfort, and stiffness in the joints, and results from progressive deterioration of articular cartilage until finally bone is rubbing directly against bone. ˌosteoarˈthropathy [arthropathy s.v. arthro-], any disease which affects both the bones and the joints; spec. a syndrome (pulmonary osteoarthropathy) marked by broadening and thickening of the fingers, painful swollen joints, and enlarged distal ends of long bones, and seen chiefly as a complication of various chest diseases; hence ˌosteoarthroˈpathic a. osteoarˈthrosis [-osis]= osteoarthritis; hence osteoarˈthrotic a. ˈosteoblast [Gr. βλαστός bud, germ], Gegenbaur's term for granular corpuscles found in all developing bone as the active agents of osseous growth; hence osteoˈblastic a., of, pertaining to, or having the character of osteoblasts. osteocaˈchexy [Gr. καχεξία ill condition], defective constitution or structure of the bones (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1857); so osteocaˈchectic a. osteocartiˈlaginous a., of or consisting of bone and cartilage. ‖ osteochonˈdritis [Gr. χόνδρος cartilage], inflammation of cartilage extending to the bone (Syd. Soc. Lex.). ‖ osteochonˈdroma [Gr. χόνδρος cartilage], osteoid tissue containing cartilage which may calcify and ossify. osteoˈchondrophyte [Gr. ϕυτόν growth], an osseous cartilaginous tumour. ‖ osteˈoclasis [Gr. κλάσις fracture], fracture of a bone to correct a deformity; dissolution or destruction of bone tissue. ˈosteoclast [Ger. osteoklast, f. Gr. κλαστός broken], (a) Kölliker's term for the many-nucleated colossal cells, found in growing bone, and concerned with the absorption of osseous tissue in the formation of the medullary spaces in cartilage; (b) a surgical instrument for effecting osteoclasis. osteoˈclastic a., of or belonging to osteoclasis. ‖ osteoˈcomma [Gr. κόµµα a piece], a bone-segment, as a vertebra. ˈosteocope, also ‖ osteˈocopus [Gr. ὀστεοκόπος, f. κόπος striking, toil, fatigue], violent wearing pain in the bones, esp. of syphilitic origin; syphilitic rheumatism; hence osteoˈcopic a., relating to osteocope. ˈosteocyte [-cyte], an osteoblast that has ceased its bone-forming activity and is enclosed within a lacuna in the bone matrix. osteoˈdentine [dentine], Owen's term for ossified connective tissue in the pulp-cavity of a tooth, esp. in the teeth of some cetaceans and fishes. osteoˈdermal, osteoˈdermatous, osteoˈdermous adjs. [Gr. δέρµα skin], having a partly ossified skin; having osseous plates or spicules deposited in the skin, as in the sturgeon. ˌosteoˌdontokeˈratic a. Anthrop. [odonto- + kerato- + -ic], (of a culture) based on the use of bone, tooth, and horn implements. ‖ osteoˈdynia, also -ˈodyny [Gr. ὀδύνη pain], chronic persistent pain in bones (Mayne). osteoˈgangrene, gangrene in a bone. ˈosteogen [Gr. ὀστεογενής produced by bone, τὸ ὀστεογενές the marrow], a soft transparent substance in growing bone which undergoes ossification by the deposit of lime salts. osteoˈlathyrism Med. [lathyrism], an experimental skeletal disease of animals produced by the ingestion of seeds of some plants of the genus Lathyrus or certain chemicals. ˈosteolite [Gr. λίθος stone], compact earthy calcium phosphate, similar to bone-phosphate, resembling lithographic stone. ˈosteolith = osteocolla. † osteoˈlithical a., consisting of petrified or fossil bones. osteˈolysis [-lysis], the pathological destruction or disappearance of bone tissue; so osteoˈlytic a., causing or characterized by osteolysis. ‖ osteomaˈlacia, -maˈlakia [Gr. µαλακία softness], softening of bones due to the gradual disappearance of earthy salts; also called malacosteon; hence osteomaˈlacial, osteomaˈlacic adjs., pertaining to or affected with osteomalacia; softened or half-destroyed as regards bony structure. osteomaˈlactic a. [Gr. µαλακτικός emollient], having the effect of softening bone (Mayne). ˈosteomere [Gr. µέρος part] = osteocomma. ‖ osteomyeˈlitis [Gr. µυελός marrow], inflammation of the marrow of a bone. osteo-oˈdontome: see quot. and odontome. ‖ osteoperioˈstitis, inflammation of the periosteum extending to the bone. ˈosteophage [Gr. ϕαγεῖν to eat] = osteoclast (a). ‖ osteˈophagus [after sarcophagus], a box or chest of bones: see quot. ‖ osteophleˈbitis [Gr. ϕλέψ, ϕλεβ- vein], inflammation of the veins of a bone (Syd. Soc. Lex.). ˈosteoplast, a modified osteoblast (Syd. Soc. Lex.). osteopteˈrygious a. [Gr. πτερύγιον fin], having bony fins; of or belonging to the Osteopterygii, an order of fishes in Macleay's classification. ‖ osteoscleˈrosis [Gr. σκλήρωσις induration], hardening of a bone. osteoˈstomatous, osteˈostomous adjs. [Gr. στόµα mouth], having a bony mouth or osseous jaws. osteosyndesmoˈlogical a. [syndesmology], pertaining to the anatomy of bones and ligaments. ‖ Osteoˈzoa, pl. of Osteoˈzoon [Gr. ζῷον animal], Blainville's term for Vertebrata; hence Osteoˈzoan a., vertebrate (Harris Dict. Med. Term. 1867). ‖ Osteozoˈaria [Gr. ζῳάριον, dimin. of ζῷον animal], Milne-Edwards's term for Vertebrata.
1902Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CXXIV. 808 The frequency with which *osteo-arthitic changes are found in Paget's disease has not received the attention which they invite. 1962Lancet 8 Dec. 1233/1 Mr. Philip Newman and Mr. Harry Piggott described a ten-year follow-up of osteo⁓arthritic knees.
1878Holden Hum. Osteol. (ed. 5) 18 Occasionally seen as the result of chronic *osteo-arthritis. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 260 Case of osteo-arthritis of the hip. 1972Hollander & McCarty Arthritis (ed. 8) lv. 1009 Osteoarthritis is a non-inflammatory disorder of movable joints characterized by deterioration and abrasion of articular cartilage, and also by formation of new bone at the joint surfaces.
1903Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 21 Feb. 312/1 Walter Berent reports a case which shows the intimate relations which exist between nerve lesions and *osteoarthropathic changes. 1972Hollander & McCarty Arthritis (ed. 8) lxxiv. 1369/1 The data failed to demonstrate any factor in the blood of the donor (osteoarthropathic) dog that would produce peripheral vascular effects.
1893Brit. Med. Jrnl. 3 June 1155/2 (heading) Three cases of ‘hypertrophic pulmonary *osteo-arthropathy’, with remarks. 1901Encycl. Medica IX. 4 In leprosy osteo-arthropathies have been described by Heiberg which have many of the characteristics of the osteo-arthropathies of tabes. 1958Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. XL. B. 538 (heading) Familial osteoarthropathy of the fingers. 1974J. D. Maynard in R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery x. 216 Polyneuritis and pulmonary osteoarthropathy..are sinister clinical findings.
1932W. Boyd Text-bk. Path. xxxii. 898 *Osteoarthrosis.—This is commonly called osteoarthritis, but as the condition is essentially degenerative with no suggestion of inflammation it would appear preferable to speak of osteoarthrosis. 1970New Scientist 4 June 487/1 One, rheumatoid arthritis, is an inflammatory condition of unknown cause, starting in the synovial lining... The second, osteoarthrosis, is essentially a disorder of cartilage. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. i. xxv. 37/1 Osteo⁓arthrosis (osteoarthritis) is a common disease of diathrodial joints in both men and animals.
1964W. S. C. Copeman Textbk. Rheumatic Dis. (ed. 3) xiii. 276 Restriction of the use of a joint may protect it from developing *osteo-arthrotic changes. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. i. xxv. 37/1 There are biochemical differences between senescent and osteo⁓arthrotic cartilage.
1875Sir W. Turner in Encycl. Brit. I. 855/1 [Bone] is due to a development of new corpuscles, which Gegenbaur has named *osteo-blasts.
Ibid., Colossal, many-nucleated cells..derived from the *osteo-blastic cells in the medulla.
1884Mackenzie Dis. Throat & Nose II. 480 An *osteo-cartilaginous plate extended..across to the under edge of the lower turbinated body.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. 136 *Osteo-chondroma, which in structure more closely resembles bone than cartilage.
1847–9Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 135/2 Cruveilhier's *osteochondrophyte is a production of this class.
1872Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. July 134 He [Kölliker] designates them ‘*osteoclasts’ (or osteophages). 1875Sir W. Turner in Encycl. Brit. I. 856/2 The product of the formation of osseous tissue by the agency of the osteo-blasts, and of its absorption or destruction by the action of the osteo-klasts.
1706Phillips, *Osteocopi, Pains in the Bones.
1861Bumstead Ven. Dis. (1879) 685 *Osteocopic pains, and nodes especially, often disappear in an almost marvellous manner. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 497 The osteocopic and myalgic pains are agonising at times.
1943Q. Jrnl. Exper. Physiol. XXXII. 9 Superficially placed *osteocytes. 1965M. C. Hall. Locomotor Syst.: Funct. Histol. vi. 87 Once it has formed the matrix around itself this cell, the osteoblast, becomes an inhabitant of its own secretions. Its function changes from a bone forming cell to a bone maintaining cell and it is then known as an osteocyte.
1849–52Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 867/2 There is also..a small central tract of *osteo⁓dentine in old teeth. 1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Circ. Sc., Organ. Nat. I. 265 The transition from dentine to vaso-dentine, and from this to osteo-dentine, is gradual, and the resemblance of osteo-dentine to true bone is very close. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 561 Radicular odontomes generally consist of osteo-dentine more or less covered-in by a layer of dentine.
1881Owen in Nature XXIII. 402 A reptilian *osteodermal character in the mammalian class.
1857Mayne Expos. Lex., *Osteodermatous.
1957R. A. Dart in Transvaal Mus. Mem. No. 10. 1 The purpose of this paper..is to show that..the essential culture of Australo⁓pithecus prometheus was *osteodontokeratic... This long name indicating literally ‘bone-tooth-horn’ may appear unduly ponderous. 1963J. W. Kitching (title) Bone, tooth & horn tools of palaeolithic man: an account of the osteodontokeratic discoveries in Pin Hole Cave, Derbyshire. 1967New Scientist 27 Apr. 202/1 This has been published by Dr Dart under the jaw-cracking title of the osteodontokeratic (literally bone, tooth and horn) culture of the Australopithecines.
1957H. Selye in Revue Canad. de Biol. XVI. 1 An apparently quite unrelated skeletal disease, ‘*osteolathyrism’, can be induced experimentally in laboratory animals by feeding them the seeds of other types of Lathyrus plants, especially L. odoratus. The active principle of the latter is aminopropionitrile. 1971Sci. Amer. June 51/1 One form of this disease, called osteolathyrism, can be produced experimentally in animals by administering aminonitriles and related compounds. In osteolathyrism the inhibition of cross-links in elastin and collagen brings about structural abnormalities in the connective tissues, particularly those of blood vessels and bone.
1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 625 Polished plates of marble, dolomite, or *osteolite (calcium phosphate) are covered with sand to the depth of a few inches, and seeds are then sown in the sand.
1857Mayne Expos. Lex., *Osteolith, another name for the Osteocolla or glue-bone stone.
1794Phil. Trans. LXXXIV. 405 This *osteolithical stratum extends every way far beneath the limestone rock.
[1859S. Wilks Lect. Path. Anat. i. 34 There is a third form of cancer,..to which Lobstein has given the name of osteolyosis, or cancerous erosion.] 1875― & Moxon Ibid. (ed. 2) 63 These formations appear to be of the same nature as those called *osteolysis by Lobstein. 1926Surg., Gynecol. & Obstetr. XLIII. 308/2 There is regression of bone (osteolysis). 1969B. S. Epstein Spine (ed. 3) ix. 692/2 As a result of the infiltration of the marrow with Gaucher's cells minimal, moderate or extensive osteolysis may occur.
1875Wilks & Moxon Lect. Path. Anat. (ed. 2) 63 (heading) *Osteolytic cancer. 1935Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. XXXIII. 840 (caption) Osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma in the femur of a child. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. i. xxvi. 31/1 Giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma)... Commonly a thin shell of bone covers the lesion, which is osteolytic.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 249 The genus softening of bones, he proposes to call *Osteo-malakia, and he divides it into two species. 1845–6tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 406 An analysis..of the bones of a man..who died from osteomalacia.
1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Path. 328 In *osteomalacial bones.
1854Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. (1874) 831 *Osteomyelitis..inflammation of the red osseous Medulla and of the pulp contained in the Cancelli of spongy bone. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 777 Associated particularly with injuries and diseases of bones, such as osteomyelitis.
1870tr. Stricker's Hum. Histol. xv. 470 We find in the dentine of the teeth..masses with bone lacunæ, termed Odontomes by Virchow, and *osteo-odontomes by Hohl.
1892Syd. Soc. Lex., *Osteoperiostitis. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 840 The frequent occurrence of osteitis, osteoperiostitis, or abscess of bone which so often follow in the wake of the disease.
1872*Osteophage [see osteoclast].
1895Edin. Rev. Jan. 210 Among the boxes of bones found in the caves of the Mount of Olives,..brought from elsewhere, for interment near the expected site of the Last Judgement,..one *osteophagus bears the name of ‘Judah’ in Hebrew, with a square cross marked below.
1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 1005/2 The *osteopterygious Fishes exhibit powers of reproduction equally extraordinary.
1857Mayne Expos. Lex., *Osteo⁓sclerosis. 1901Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 June 1604 The bones [in general paralysis of the insane] generally show a high degree of osteo-sclerosis.
1857Mayne Expos. Lex., Osteostomatus, applied by Duméril to a Family of osseous, holobranchious fishes, comprehending those having jaws naturally osseous, *osteostomatous.
1891Cent. Dict., *Osteostomous.
1881Catal. Trustees Univ. Pennsylv. 72 The *osteo⁓syndesmological laboratory is under the supervision of the Professor of Anatomy. |