| 释义 |
orthologous, a. Genetics.|ɔːˈθɒləgəs|
[f. ortho- + homologous a.]
Of homologous genes in different species: descended from a single gene in the most recent common ancestor. Of a single gene: descended from the same gene as another specified gene (const. with). Also applied to the expressions of such genes. Cf. *paralogous a.
1970Fitch & Margoliash in Evolutionary Biol. IV. 76 One must compare directly only those sequences whose genes have a lineage that precisely reflects, in a one-to-one fashion, the lineage of the species in which they are found. Such genes may be called orthologous (ortho = exact). 1976Nature 29 Jan. 340/2 There is, therefore, no direct evidence that the β-like chain of the minor haemoglobin of Tarsius is orthologous with either man-ape or New World monkey δ chain. 1986Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCLXI. 16694/1 The divergence between two orthologous proteins can be used to calculate the unit evolutionary period (UEP). 1988Nature 21 Apr. 685/1 Miyamoto et al. apply the sequencing approach to the longest continuous stretch of orthologous DNA yet determined for humans.
Hence orˈthologously adv.
1970Fitch & Margoliash in Evolutionary Biol. IV. 90 Thus we can establish homology, but whether the two gene groups are orthologously or paralogously related is not determined by this procedure. 1971Nature 29 Jan. 323/1 These criteria are met chiefly by orthologously related proteins with the same function in different species, such as the cytochrome cs or the insulins. 1979Systematic Zool. XXVIII. 135/1 In nature the ancestral splittings of gene lineages..may coincide with species lineage splittings, in which case the gene lineages are said to be orthologously related. |