| 释义 |
▪ I. orlop1|ˈɔːlɒp|
Forms: α. 5–6 over-loppe, (Sc. 5 ou(e)r-lop), 6–7 -lop, 7 -loop, -lope. β. 6 orloppe, or(e)loope, oarlop, 7 orelop, orlopp, arloup, 7–8 orlope; 8 horlop; 7– orlop. γ. Sc. 5–7 ou(e)rloft.
[a. Du. overloop a covering, ‘ouer-loop van t'schip, fori, tabulata nauium constrata, per quæ nautæ feruntur’ (Kilian, 1599), f. overloopen to run over: see over and leap v.]
Originally, the single floor or deck with which the hold of a ship was covered in, which, by the successive addition of one, two, or three complete decks above, became the lowest deck of a ship of the line; sometimes applied to the lowest deck of a steamer or ship with three or more decks.
The orlop was not usually reckoned in nomenclature as a ‘deck’; when a ship had two complete floors these were called orlop and deck; when three floors, they were orlop, lower, and upper deck; when four floors, orlop, lower, middle, and upper deck. See deck n.1 But sometimes orlop is found in the general sense of ‘deck’, and applied in the pl. to both (or all) the decks present at the time.
1467Sc. Acts Jas. III (1814) 87 And at the maisteris fure na guidis vpon his ouerlop [1597 §14 ouer-loft] the quhilk & he do, tha gudis sall pay na fraucht, nor na gudis vnder the ourlop [ouer-loft] to scot nor lot with tha gudis in cas thai be castin. 1496Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 176 Tymbre..under the Ovyloppes & Alawe in the seid Ship. Ibid., Forcastell, the overloppe, the somercastell, the dekke ovyr the somercastell, & the pope. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 23 Other three ships..All the residue were small without overloppe, and vergantines. 1578Bourne Inventions 3 You may make a plaine Decke or Orloppe, that hath but plaine hatches. 1598W. Phillips Linschoten (Hakluyt Soc.) II. 179 One side of the upper part of the ship, between both the upper Oarlops, where the great boat lay, burst out. 1611Cotgr., Tillac, the Orelop or Arloup; or, more generally, the hatches of a ship. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 3 When they are planked vp to the Orlop they make the ships Howle. Ibid. 5 The first Orlop..is the first floore to support the plankes doth couer the Howle. Ibid. 6 The third Decke or Orlop, or the third Decke which is neuer called by the name of Orlop, and yet they are all but Decks. 1658Phillips, Orlop, a Term in Navigation, signifying the second and lower deck of a ship. 1741Watson in Phil. Trans. XLII. 67 Bringing Air from the Bread-room, Horlop and Well of the Ship at the same time. 1859Merc. Marine Mag. (1860) VII. 16 The stream anchor..was stowed in the after orlop. 1878Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. xxii. (1887) 164 To roam about in the dim silences of the lower deck, the twilight of the orlop;..and to gaze down the impenetrable Erebus of the hold.
γc1470Henry Wallace x. 882 Wallace..A man he straik our burd in to the se; On the our loft he slew son othir thre. 1513Douglas æneis v. xi. 122 The flamb wpkendling blesis braid at large Throw hechis, ouerloft, air, and payntit targe. c1614Sir W. Mure Dido & æneas iii. 278 O that I had their shipps once set on fire And ov'rlofts all with flaming firebrands fill'd.
b. attrib.
1623Whitbourne Newfoundland 76 Two thousand of good Orlop nailes. 1758J. Blake Plan Mar. Syst. 3 If more room be wanted the orlop deck may be enlarged. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xix. 423 Vessels over 24 feet in depth are required by Lloyd's to have orlop beams on every sixth frame. 1892Daily News 24 Feb. 6/8 It is believed that by battening down the orlop deck in the after part of the ship they will succeed in floating her.
▪ II. † orlop2 Obs.
[? for overlap.]
The turned-up edge of a sheet of lead, bent over the edge of the adjoining sheet in making a joint.
1703T. N. City & C. Purch. 192 The Orlop is about 3½ Inches of the edge, (next to the Stander) of the other Sheet, rais'd up in the same manner as the Stander. |