| 释义 |
oriental, a. and n.|ɔərɪˈɛntəl|
Also Oriental.
[a. F. oriental (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. orientāl-is, f. orient-em Orient: see -al1. Opposed in all uses to occidental.]
A. adj.
1. Belonging to, or situated in, that part or region of the heavens in which the sun rises; of or in the east, eastern, easterly; spec. in Astrol. said of a heavenly body when in the eastern part of the sky, esp. of a planet when seen in the east before sunrise (or, by extension, when seen before sunrise in any part of the sky).
c1391Chaucer Astrol. i. §5 Whiche lyne..is cleped the Est lyne, or elles the lyne Orientale. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. v. 2 The golden orientall gate Of..heaven gan to open..And Phoebus..Came dauncing forth. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 305 His [the sun's] ascendent and orientall radiations. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. xix. 114 To be Orientall is no other thing then to rise before the ☉. 1794[see occidental A. 1]. 1835Zadkiel App. to Lilly's Chr. Astrol. 340 Planets found between the fourth house and the mid⁓heaven, rising, are in the eastern half of the figure, and said to be oriental.
†2. Belonging to or situated in the east of a country or place, or of the earth; eastern. Obs.
c1528R. Thorne to Hen. VIII in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 251 All the Indies which we call Orientall. 1576Turberv. Venerie 26 A kennell ought to be placed in some orientall parte of a house. 1610Willet Hexapla Daniel 67 The diuision of the Romane Empire into the Occidentall and Orientall. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. xii. 81 Mount Hermon..the most oriental part of al Canaan.
3. spec. Belonging to, found in, or characteristic of, the countries or regions lying to the east of the Mediterranean or of the ancient Roman empire; belonging to south-western Asia, or Asiatic countries generally; also, belonging to the east of Europe, or of Christendom (as the Oriental Empire, or Oriental Church); Eastern.
c1477Caxton Jason 53 In the parties orientall is an ile. a1540Barnes Wks. (1573) 365/1 Priests in y⊇ orientall Church. 1586Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. iii. iii, The Persian fleet..Sailing along the oriental sea, Have fetch'd about the Indian continent. 1630R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 143 The Alexandrian and all the Orientall Histories. 1679Sir P. Ricaut Pres. State Grk. Ch. Pref., The four Oriental Patriarchs. 1712Addison Spect. No. 512 ⁋5 A Turkish tale, which I do not like the worse for that little Oriental extravagance which is mixed with it. 1777Sir W. Jones Poems Pref. 12 A comparison between the Oriental and Italian poetry. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 253 The Pushtoo..is..not unpleasing to an ear accustomed to Oriental tongues.
b. In names of natural products, diseases, etc. occurring specially in the East; as oriental alabaster, oriental arbutus, oriental hyacinth, oriental plane-tree, etc., oriental leprosy; oriental poppy, a perennial poppy, Papaver orientale, with large scarlet flowers, native to western Asia; oriental sore, an ulcerous skin-disease occurring in the East, also called Aleppo boil, Aleppo ulcer, etc. (See also 4.)
1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xlviii. 206 The Oriental Hyacinthes do flower before the common sort. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort., Jan. in Sylva etc. (1729) 192 Oriental Jacinth, Levantine Narcissus. 1731P. Miller Gardeners Dict. s.v. Papaver. Papaver; Orientale... Very rough Oriental Poppy, with a large Flower. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 428 A very grand urn of oriental alabaster. 1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 564 The oriental leprosy, of which Egypt seems to have been the native land. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 173 The Oriental sore seems to be due to the use of brackish hard well-water. 1882Garden 8 Apr. 230/3 The large Oriental Poppy. 1963W. Blunt Of Flowers & Village 139, I think the oriental poppy..is the most exciting of them all.
c. oriental stitch: a long straight stitch tied down with a short diagonal stitch in the centre.
c1890Weldon's Pract. Needlew. VI. No. 68. 6 Oriental stitch..closely resembles herringbone in the method of working, and forms a solid plait upon the surface of the material. 18..Pract. Jrnl. Decorative Needlework [Manchester] No. 12. 14 If the design is to be worked solidly I would suggest the oriental stitch. 1899W. G. P. Townsend Embroidery vi. 98 A sort of Oriental or herring-bone in alternate colours. 1900Day & Buckle Art in Needlework 66 Oriental-stitch, sometimes called ‘Antique-stitch’, is a stitch in three strokes, just as feather-stitch is a stitch in four.
d. Other Special Combs.: oriental carpet, oriental rug: a hand-knotted carpet or rug made to one of various designs in the Orient; a carpet or rug made to a similar design elsewhere; oriental Jew, a Jewish person from the Middle or Far East, esp. from Yemen, Ethiopia, Iraq, or India; Oriental languages, Eastern languages; these as a subject of university study; oriental-looking ppl. adj.; Oriental Lowestoft: name given to oriental porcelain erron. thought to have been made or decorated at Lowestoft, England; see sense B. 4.
1868C. L. Eastlake Hints Household Taste 267/2 Oriental carpets. 1894Country Gentlemen's Catal. 114 Oriental carpets and rugs. In Selected Designs and Colourings, Imported direct. 1972Guardian 8 Sept. 11/5 You'll find an Aladdin's cave crammed full of authentic, handmade Oriental and Persian carpets.
1938R. T. Feiwel No Ease in Zion xxi. 298 One-fifth of Tel Aviv consists of Oriental Jews. 1961L. Finkelstein Jews II. xxv. 1179 Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors,..appealed greatly to the imagination of the Oriental Jew. 1968Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 7 Feb. (1970) 628 Some interesting excerpts: Between 60 and 65 percent of the people of Israel are ‘Oriental’ Jews.
1822M. Edgeworth Let. 23 Jan. (1971) 334 We have just walked to see Hertford College... There are eight professors—two for classical literature—three Oriental languages, [etc.]. 1970M. Kelly Spinifex i. 23, I went up to Cambridge, doing Oriental Languages. 1972‘J. Bell’ Death of Poison-Tongue i. 8, I have come to Polford to do Oriental languages.
1869‘Mark Twain’ Innoc. Abr. viii. 79 A ragged, oriental-looking negro. 1964P. F. Anson Bishops at Large viii. 281 This long-bearded, oriental-looking prelate.
[1866W. Chaffers Marks Pott. & Porc. (ed. 2) 317 There is such a peculiarity in the form and quality of the Lowestoft porcelain that we are surprised any one at all conversant with..collections of china, could ever mistake it for Oriental.] 1949G. Savage Ceramics for Collector ii. 41 The former belongs to the ‘Oriental Lowestoft’ or ‘East Indian China’ group. 1971L. A. Boger Dict. World Pott. & Porc. 67/1 It [sc. Chinese Lowestoft] is also called Chinese Export Porcelain and Oriental Lowestoft. 1974Savage & Newman Illustr. Dict. Ceramics 208 Oriental Lowestoft, an erroneous term, first given currency by W. Chaffers.., for the enormous quantity of porcelain made in the 18th century in China for export to Europe.
1881C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork iii. 138 Oriental rugs are so generally used. 1931A. U. Dilley (title) Oriental rugs and carpets. 1966M. G. Eberhart Witness at Large (1967) vii. 95 The wide hall upstairs had faded oriental rugs placed at spots almost sure to trip anybody. 1976J. van de Wetering Corpse on Dike ii. 20 A table, covered with a thick oriental rug.
4. Of pearls and precious stones, and hence (formerly) of other things: = Orient B. 2, 2 b.
In some names of precious stones, denoting a stone different from, but resembling in colour, that bearing the simple name; as oriental amethyst, o. emerald, o. topaz (respectively purple, green, and yellow varieties of sapphire).
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 221 Of oo perle, fyne, oriental, Hire white coroune was ymaked al. c1400Lydg. æsop's Fab. Prol. 26 Perlis white, cliere, and oriental Bien oft founde in muskle shellis blake. 1596Edward III, ii. i. 12 But no more like her oriental red Than brick to coral. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 279 Some dozen of very faire Emeraulds orientall. 1693Sir R. Redding in Phil. Trans. XVII. 661 The in-sides of the shells are of an Oriental and Pearly Colour. 1747[see occidental A. 3]. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 289 Those that possess this varying splendor are called Oriental opals, though they are not found in the East. 1868Dana Min. 138 Corundum..Var. 1. Sapphire..Includes the purer kinds of fine colors,..true Ruby, or Oriental Ruby, red; O. Topas, yellow; O. Emerald, green; O. Amethyst, purple.
B. n. (Often with capital initial.)
†1. An oriental pearl or other gem; see A. 4. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 14 Diamantz of derrest pris, and double manere safferes, Orientales and ewages. 1750tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 84 Cornelian is a stone of a reddish or ruddy colour, and such are Orientals.
†2. pl. Oriental languages; see A. 3. Obs.
1680H. Dodwell Two Lett. (1691) 155 Those tongues..derived from the Hebrew Tongue, as most of the Orientals are. 1712Steele Spect. No. 473 ⁋1, I heard a young Man..comfort himself in his Ignorance of Greek, Hebrew, and the Orientals. a1734North Lives (1826) III. 322 Latin, and the vernaculars westward,..carry nearly the same idiom; but the Orientals and Greek partake not so much of them.
3. A native or inhabitant of the East; i.e. usually, an Asiatic; cf. A. 3.
1701Grew Cosm. Sacra iv. i. §26 The Jews, and all the Orientals, took all those Prophecies..in a Literal Sense. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. iii. (1872) 38 The Oriental prostrates himself on the ground. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. ii. 97 A solemn, bearded, turbanded, and robed Oriental.
b. Name of a fancy variety of pigeon.
1897Daily News 6 Jan. 3/3 The show presents..barbs, Antwerps, homers, Modenas, magpies, Archangels, orientals, and other varieties of the columbarian family.
4. Denoting a variety of porcelain imported from China by European countries from c 1700 to c 1835; also known as Oriental Lowestoft, Chinese Lowestoft, Chinese Export Porcelain. Also attrib.
1863W. Chaffers Marks Pott. & Porc. 134 Brameld. This mark is in red, on porcelain vases, in imitation of Oriental. 1873C. Schreiber Jrnl. (1911) I. 201 A collection of choice specimens of Oriental. 1926[see Minton].
5. Used ellipt. for oriental carpet, pattern, rug, etc.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 220/2 Extra Fine Lace Back Suspenders... A magnificent assortment of patterns. Persians, Orientals, Dresdens. 1938I. Goldberg Wonder of Words v. 91 The noun oriental has ceased, or half-ceased, to mean a rug woven in the Orient; it has come to mean a rug of a certain design and coloring. 1969M. G. Eberhart Message from Hong Kong xvii. 152 The rugs in the hall were old Orientals, worn thin too, but still glowing in reds and blues. 1972E. Berckman Fourth Man on Rope i. 19 On its polished floor-boards lay a thin faded Oriental, once a very good one. 1977C. McFadden Serial (1978) xxx. 67/2 Martha..began to pull Kate unsteadily across the Oriental.
[A.] [3.] For ‘belonging to south-western Asia, or Asiatic countries generally’ read: of, relating to, or characteristic of south-western Asia, or Asiatic countries generally; dealing or connected with the Orient, its culture or affairs (see also Oriental Jew, languages, sense 3 d below). (Further examples.)
1695Evelyn Diary 23 Nov. (1955) V. 224 There dined with us the Bishops of Lichfild, Lincoln, Norwich: Dr. Cowell the greate oriental Traveler & divers others. 1855E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxxii. 613 Turkish or Arabian Pilaw. (From Mr. Lane, the Oriental Traveller.) 1874Geo. Eliot Let. 10 Dec. (1956) VI. 99 We can resolve to study the Semitic languages and apply to an Oriental scholar to give us daily lessons. 1907G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island Pref. p. lviii, Officials who, after years of oriental service, have lost the familiar art of concealing their terrors. 1920G. Bell Let. 17 Oct. (1927) II. xix. 563 So I decided at once to invest myself with the duties of Oriental Secretary, there being no one else in the office who knows Bagdad. 1983G. Priestland At Large 25 All kinds of Moonies, gurus and oriental meditationists can dance in our streets and hold seminars in our country houses. |