| 释义 |
oriel|ˈɔərɪəl|
Also 5 oryel, oriell, 5–6 oryall, 6–8 oriall, 7 orial, oryal, 7–8 oriol, (9 oriole).
[ME. a. OF. oriol (eurieul, oeurieul (in Godefroy) ‘porch, passage, corridor, gallery’, med.L. (? from Fr.) oriolum (in Matt. Paris, a 1259) ‘porch, entrance-hall, antechamber’.
Of unknown origin: for the conjecture that the F. or med.L. might be altered from L. aureolum ‘golden, gilded’, in sense ‘gilded chamber’, there is no historical foundation; the Fr. forms in eu, œu point to an original ō not au.
Although much research has been expended upon the history of this word, and esp. upon the development of the current use in oriel window, the sense-history remains in many points obscure and perplexed. Mr. W. Hamper in an exhaustive article in Archæologia XXIII. (1831) 114, asserts, and app. proves, for oriel the senses, penthouse, porch (attached to an edifice), (detached) gatehouse, loft, upper floor, gallery (for minstrels). It is also shown in Parker's Domest. Archit., that the name was applied to a gallery or upper chamber in the west end of a domestic chapel, or to a small private apartment having a window looking into the chapel (see also Bentley's Qu. Rev. 1860 Jan. 497). The earliest sense known is that of ‘portico, passage, corridor, gallery’, assured from OFr. (Godef.) and med.L., and it is probable that ‘oriel window’ meant at first ‘window in a gallery or balcony’. Most of the earlier senses claimed by Mr. Hamper are found only in L. context, examples in Eng. being scarce. The modern Cornish use of orrel is however an important link.]
†1. A portico, corridor, gallery, balcony, etc. Obs.
[a1259Matt. Paris Vitæ Abbat. S. Albani (an. 1251) (1681) 1071 Adjacet Atrium nobilissimum in introitu; quod porticus vel Oriolum appellatur.] 1385Durham Acc. Rolls 265 In mundacione del Oriel, iij d. 1448Roll 27 Hen. VI in Archæologia XXIII. 113 Pro sperres, postibus, et gradubus, de eisdem fiendis pro uno Oriell supra Stabulam ibidem. 1450–51Roll 30 Hen. VI, ibid., Pro novo Oreyell pro Trumpetes Domini in Aula ibidem. c1450Erle Tolous 307 When ye here the Mas-belle, Y schall hur brynge to the Chapelle,..Be the Oryall syde stonde thou stylle, Then schalt thou see hur at thy wylle. a1490Botoner (William of Worcester) Itin. (1778) 89 Altitudo dictæ turris, cum le ovyrstorye vocat' an Oriell. a1500MS. Chron. (an. 1424) in Blakeway & Owen Hist. Shrewsbury (1825) II. 257 He..laft behynde hym a doughter of hys namyd Blase Tuptun, who cam by chance to be a leeper, and made the oryell which goythe allong the west side of the sayde churche-yarde [St. Chad's], throughe which she cam aloft to heare serveys..and so passyd usually uppon the leades unto a glasse wyndowe, throughe which she dayly sawe and hard dayly serveys as longe as shee lyvyd.
b. In Cornwall (orrel), A porch or balcony at the head of an outside stair.
1880E. Cornwall Gloss. s.v., The ground-floor of a fisherman's house is often a fish-cellar, and the first floor serves him for kitchen and parlour, which is reached by a flight of stone steps ending in an orrel or porch (Polperro). 1880Mrs. Parr Adam & Eve xxxii. 435 The steps which led up to the wooden oriel, or balcony—at that time a common adornment to the Polperro houses.
2. A large recess with a window, of polygonal plan, projecting from the outer face of the wall of a building, usually, in an upper story, and either supported from the ground or on corbels. Formerly sometimes forming a small private apartment attached to a hall, or the like.
c1440Promp. Parv. 369/2 Oryel of a wyndowe,..cancellus,..intendicula. c1475Sqr. lowe Degre 97 In her oryall there she was Closed well with royall glas, Fulfylled it was with ymagery, Euery wyndowe by and by, On eche syde had there a gynne, Sperde with many a dyuers pynne. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. ii. (1840) III. 305 Sure I am, that small excursion out of gentlemen's halls in Dorsetshire (respect it east or west) is commonly called an orial. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iii. ii, In an oriel's deep recess. 1828Macaulay Hist. in Misc. Writ. (1860) I. 280 The oriels of Longleat and the stately pinnacles of Burleigh. 1841Motley Corr. (1889) I. iv. 86 We marched back through the hall with the oriel into a suite of two or three rooms filled with pictures. 1844F. A. Paley Church Restorers 42 She was pleased..that they had condescended to visit her little oriel which she had not hoped ever to see thus highly honoured.
b. for oriel window. (Sometimes vaguely put for stained-glass window.)
1805Scott Last Minstr. ii. xi, The moon on the east oriel shone, Through slender shafts of shapely stone. 1832Tennyson Pal. Art xli, Thro' the topmost Oriels' colour'd flame Two godlike faces gazed below. 1842–76Gwilt Encycl. Archit. §415 Near to the high table, a projecting or bay window, termed an oriel, was introduced [i.e. in English halls, c 1300–1460]. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 28 The gallery..has one large and two small oriels on the side next to the court.
fig.1845Longfellow Evening Star 1 Lo! in the painted Oriel of the West..shines the Evening Star.
3. attrib. and Comb. (from 2).
1542Will of John Tynte of Wraxall 22 June (MS.), A fether bedde in the oriall chamber. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. vii, There was a large oriel casement jutting from the wall. 1872Browning Fifine xxx, No tinted pane of oriel sanctity Does our Fifine afford. 1883Ouida Wanda I. 97 The painted panes of the oriel casements.
b. oriel window, the window of an ‘oriel’; a projecting window in an upper story.
1765H. Walpole Otranto v. (1798) 78 Calling her aside into the recess of the oriel window of the hall. 1824Dibdin Libr. Comp. 590 The vast bay and auriol windows of the larger apartments. 1836Loudon Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1129 An oriel window is a projecting window in an upper story; a bay window is a similar one on the ground floor. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 265 The oriel window or bay window was another Mediæval invention.
c. Oriel College (Oxford) derives its name from a messuage previously occupied by Seneschal Hall, but called, in the reign of Henry III, La (or Le) Oriole, the origin of which name is unknown.
This was granted to St. Mary's College at its foundation in 1326, and occupied by the provost and fellows; the society being consequently known as ‘of the Oriole’. In a deed of 1349 they are styled ‘the Master and Scholars of the Hall of the Blessed Mary, called the Oriole’.
1450Rolls of Parlt. V. 187/2 Oure Collage in Oxford, called the Oriell. |