| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ organum1|ˈɔːgənəm|
[L. organum, a. Gr. ὄργανον: see organon, organ n.1]
1. a. An instrument; = organon 1.
1614Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. 16 He maketh the Phantasie in representing the Object to the Understanding to be a ‘corporal Organum’.
b. An instrument of thought or knowledge; = organon 2. Esp. in the title of Bacon's work called, with reference to the Ὄργανον of Aristotle, Novum Organum, i.e. New Instrument or set of principles for scientific investigation.
[1620Bacon (title) Instauratio Magna, sive Novum Organum, accedit Parascue ad Historiam Naturalem et Experimentalem.] 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 80 It is the heaven-given organum, in the hands of the wise and holy.
2. Mediæval Mus. A part sung as an accompaniment below or above the melody or plain-song, usually at the interval of a fourth or fifth; also, loosely, this method of singing in parts, the most primitive form of counterpoint or harmony. (Also called diaphony.) Also attrib.
1782Burney Hist. Mus. II. ii. 75 Organum..consisted in singing a part under the plain-song, or chant. Ibid. 136 Organum..was a general term for a single part, or second voice, added to the melody of a chant. 1880Helmore in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 509 The first kind of variation from strictly unisonous singing in the Middle Ages was the ‘Organum’ or simple aggrandisement of multitudinous choral effect by the additions of octaves above and below the Plain Song or Melody. 1880W. S. Rockstro ibid. II. 610 Guido d'Arezzo..objects to the use of united Fourths, and Fifths, in an Organum of three parts, on account of its disagreeable harshness. 1884W. H. Frere Winchester Troper p. xxi, He [sc. Notker] first tried his hand with the melody known as Organa. Ibid. p. xxxix, The Organum became not a mere mechanical repetition of the principalis, but another part more or less independent of it. 1932Music & Lett. XIII. 185 This singing in two parts..was also popularly called ‘Organum’. Ibid. 189 The alto and bass have the melody, the others the organum. 1965Listener 20 May 756/3, I specially liked the alternating plainchant and two-part polyphony in organa style of the Kyrie. 1977New Yorker 23 May 126/3 The ‘Hymn for a New Age’ is an antiphonal chant given out by the children in organum fourths, accompanied by oboes and English horn.
▪ II. organum2
= organy2, organ2, origanum.
a1450Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xviii. ix. (MS. Bodl.) lf. 250/1 He secheþ Organum [ed. 1495 Origanum] and findeþ bi taste remedye. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 9 b, Thynges makynge the stomake stronge: Mirabolanes: Nutmygges: Organum. 1552Huloet, Organum and organye herbe [= origanum]. |