| 释义 |
organelle Biol.|ɔːgəˈnɛl|
Formerly also organella.
[mod.L. organella (see organ n.1 and -el2), after earlier organulum (K. Möbius 1884, in Biol. Centralbl. IV. 392; O. Bütschli H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs (1888) I. iii. 1412), dim. of organum1 (see -ule).]
Any of various specialized structures of an individual cell, analogous to the organs of multicellular organisms.
1909H. M. Woodcock in E. R. Lankester Treat. Zool. I. i. 212 A Trypanosome was merely described as possessing an unmistakable nucleus, and also a small deeply-staining element..situated at the root of the flagellum, and termed variously ‘blepharoplast’, centrosome, or micronucleus. It is to Schandinn that we are indebted for the revelation of the essential nuclear nature of the latter organella. 1912E. A. Minchin Introd. Study Protozoa i. 1 However complex the structure and functions of the body [of Protozoa], the organs that it possesses are parts of a cell (‘organellæ’), and are never made up of distinct cells. 1924Hegner & Taliaferro Human Protozool. vi. 233 Division of the trophozoite is by longitudinal fission, the posterior end of the animal splitting before the anterior organelles are completely divided. 1926L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 2) iii. 59 It is also frequently urged that ‘organelle’ rather than ‘organ’ should be used for intracellular differentiations. 1955New Biol. XIX. 27 Essentially similar organelles, cilia, cover many membranes..of animals. 1969F. E. Round Introd. Lower Plants ii. 19 Within the outer cytoplasmic membrane occur all the normal organelles—chloroplast, nucleus, dictyosome(s) (Golgi body), endoplasmic reticulum, granules, and vacuoles. 1974Sci. Amer. Oct. 45/1 Bacteria also have flagella, but these are an entirely different organelle.
Hence orgaˈnellar a.
1970Genetics LXVI. 305 (heading) Organellar damage and revision as a possible basis for intraclonal variation in Paramecium. 1975Nature 13 Mar. 160/2 If this were the case in my wild carrot protoplasts, about 20% (the approximate proportion of organellar DNA in these cells) of the dimers would have remained after maximum excision. |