| 释义 |
ordnance|ˈɔːdnəns|
[A syncopated variant of ordenance, ordinance, established since the 17th c. in a certain group of senses. The complete historical illustration of these is given here, although every sense begins with forms spelt ordinance.]
†1. Military materials, stores, or supplies; implements of war; missiles discharged in war: = artillery 1. Also in pl. ordinaunces. Obs. in general sense.
1390Gower Conf. II. 195 That thei..beholde myhte Here enemys..With al here ordinance there, Which thei ayein the Cite caste. 1432–50tr. Higden Harl. Contin. (Rolls) VIII. 485 His ordinaunce and trussynge cofres were taken þer. 1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 82 By the first part is declared the..Receiptes of ordinaunces..By the secunde part is declared ordenaunces Retorned and deliuered. a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III 51 Armoure, weapons, vitayle and all other ordinaunces expedient for warre. 1549Compl. Scot. ix. 78 He brocht sa mony schipis to grece vitht al ordonnance. 1644Vicars Jehovah-Jireh 143 For hast they left their Ordnance behind them.
2. Engines for discharging missiles.
†a. Formerly including catapults, slings, bows, etc.: = artillery 2 a. Obs.
b. Now, Mounted guns, cannon: = artillery 2 b.
Formerly often distinguished as great or small, now usually as heavy or light o. piece of ordnance: see piece.
a.c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 7811 He purveid for maygnelles and belfrayes And othre ordinaunce at al assayes. 1535Coverdale 2 Sam. xx. 15 All the people..layed to their ordynaunce, and wolde haue cast downe the wall. 1600Holland Livy xxiv. xxxiii. 532 They approched with all their fabrickes, engines, and ordinance of batterie against the walls.
b.c1489Caxton Blanchardyn liv. 215 As fire giuen to the ordinance, tis to late to recall the shot. 1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 99 Wheles for grete ordinaunce..iiij pair. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 105 Thei laied gonne against gonne,..and laied a pece of ordynaunce directly against the wyndowe. Ibid., Hen. VIII 136 b, The goodly ordnance whiche were .xij. greate Bombardes of brasse, and .xxiv. greate Canon peces [etc.]. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. ix. 28 Small Ordnance, as Falcones and Bases. 1672Essex Papers (Camden) 12, I Desyer Yor Exs Licence to keepe thes six small Iron Ordnance in my Castell of Ballemartin. a1715Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 212 The King and the Duke came to the Tower..to see some invention about the ordinance. 1861W. H. Russell in Morn. Chron. 3 Aug., Another work..mounts three pieces of heavy ordnance. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. III. 267 Rifled ordnance was used freely by the French in the campaign in Italy in 1859.
†c. With pl. An engine for discharging missiles; a large gun, piece of ordnance. Obs.
1480Waterf. Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 315 No marchaunt..shall bryng none of the saide ordenaunces oute of no countre beyonde the see. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 160 The Romaynes shot great ordinaunces, handgonnes, quarrels. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 24 Gunners spunge your Ordinances. 1629Wadsworth Pilgr. 35 They replying so stoutly, made our Marriners quickly..fly to their Ordnances vnderneath.
†d. The artillery as a branch of the army. Obs.
1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 293 Here was kill'd..Charles Levinus Famarsh, who..at this time was General of the Ordnance. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III, vi. (1839) 343 Mansveldt marched into Bohemia, where he was..honoured with the charge of general of the ordnance.
3. The public establishment, or branch of the public service, concerned with the supply of military stores and materials, the management of the artillery, etc.
Board of Ordnance, a board, partly military and partly civil, which had the management of all affairs relating to the artillery, engineers, and the matériel of the Army; it was under the direction of a Master-General, assisted by a Lieutenant-General, a Surveyor-General, a Principal Storekeeper, Clerks of the Ordnance, and various other officers. After having existed from the reign of Henry VIII, it was dissolved in 1855, most of its functions as regards matériel being now discharged by the Army Ordnance Department.
The organization of the Ordnance Department has undergone numerous transformations since 1855. From 1870 to 1887, the Surveyor-General of Ordnance was (with the Commander-in-Chief, and the Financial Secretary) one of three officers to whom the actual army adminstration was then delegated, his province being all civil administrative duties except the Pay Department, with the purchase, construction, and charge of matériel. After 1887 these duties were divided among various officials, e.g. the Commissary-General of Ordnance Stores, Director-General of Ordnance Factories, etc. In 1895 they were once more grouped under an Inspector-General of Ordnance, for whom a Director-General was substituted by an Order in Council of 7 March, 1899. (N.E.D., 1903)
1485Rolls Parlt. VI. 354/2 Maister of oure Ordinaunce and maister of oure Armery. 1548Patten Exp. Scotl. E j b, Syr Fraunces Flemynge knight, master of the ordinaunce. 1679Wood Life 30 Apr. (O.H.S.) II. 449 He was lieftenant of the ordinance. 1737J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. iii. 117 Military Branch of the Ordnance... Gentleman of Ordnance, John Palmer. 1810Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) VI. 22, I should have thought..that the Duke would have gone to the Ordnance, which he would have liked. 1863H. Cox Instit. iii. viii. 710 The Master-General of the Ordnance directed..all those matters with reference to the Corps of Artillery and Engineers, which, as to the rest of the army, belonged to the Commander-in-Chief. 1875Encycl. Brit. II. 572 The Surveyor-General of the Ordnance is [1870–87] charged with ‘providing, holding, and issuing, to all branches of the army and reserve forces, food, forage..and all other stores necessary for the efficient performance of their duties,’ etc.
†4. Occas. var. of ordinance in other senses.
5. attrib., as ordnance carriage, ordnance hospital, ordnance officer, ordnance park, ordnance stores, ordnance store-keeper, etc. Ordnance Board = Board of Ordnance: see 3; ordnance datum, the datum-line or level, to which all heights are referred in the Ordnance Survey, being 12½ feet below Trinity High-water mark, and 4½ feet above Trinity Low-water mark; ordnance map, a map prepared by the Survey; also ordnance sheet; Ordnance Survey, the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland, undertaken by Government, and originally carried out under the direction of the Master-General of the Ordnance; also fig.
1800Wellington Let. to Major Gen. Braithwaite in Gurw. Desp. (1837) I. 276 The ordnance and military stores to be sent from Fort St. George. 1803― Let. to Col. Murray 30 Apr. ibid. 529 Wheels for ordnance carriages. 1833W. Dyott Diary Nov. (1907) II. 170 On the 17th Captain Gosset, who had been employed last year stationed at Lichfield on the ordnance survey service called. 1839C. Fox Jrnl. 8 Oct. (1972) 59 Sir H. Vivian was chuckling over the admirable Ordnance map. 1840Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XXI. 354/2 In 1791 the Ordnance survey was begun. Ibid. 360/1 Ordnance Maps..are not only drawn, but also engraved and printed, at the Ordnance Map Offices in the Tower, and at Dublin. 1841Lever C. O'Malley lxxxviii. 421 In front of an old ordinance marquee. 1845McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 229 Ben Macdhu, ascertained, by the Ordnance survey, to be the highest mountain in the United Kindgom. 1853Stocqueler Mil. Encycl., Ordnance Store⁓keeper, a civil officer in the artillery, who has the charge of all the stores. 1868Rep. to Govt. U.S. Munitions War 143 After a time these coil guns..find their way to the ordnance hospital at Woolwich. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 156 Do they set their ordnance officers to ball-practice? 1878Huxley Physiogr. 11 Maps of the Ordnance Survey are constructed on the scale of one inch to the mile. 1886T. P. White Ordnance Survey of U.K. vi. 106 The Ordnance datum for Ireland is not the same as for Great Britain. 1889G. W. Usill Pract. Surveying ix. 177 The ordnance datum of this country was determined by the ordnance authorities to be ‘the approximate mean water at Liverpool’. 1893W. Forbes-Mitchell Remin. Gt. Mutiny 146 The whole of his ordnance park, containing a large quantity of ammunition and thirty-two guns. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! 11 This book makes no attempt to be an ordnance survey of modern music. 1956Ordnance datum [see O.D. s.v. O 5 d]. 1972L. Alcock By South Cadbury ii. 24 The summit is a little over five hundred feet above Ordnance Datum, with the hill itself standing about two hundred and fifty feet above the surrounding countryside. 1973Times 13 Aug. 4/1 Mounting pressure from country walkers..may save the popular 2½ in. Ordnance Survey map. |