| 释义 |
ordination|ɔːdɪˈneɪʃən|
[ad. L. ordinātiōnem, n. of action f. ordināre to ordain. Cf. F. ordination (12th c.).]
The action of ordaining.
I.
1. a. The action of ordering, arranging, or disposing in ranks or order; the condition of being ordered or arranged; an arrangement or disposition.
(This, the primary sense in L., appears to have been the last to be adopted in Eng.)
1658Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus i. 36 Disposing his trees like his armies in regular ordination. Ibid. iii. 53 Quincuncial forms and Ordinations are also observable in animall figurations. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 85 He meaneth by Ordination, nothing but a well setling of the Model or Scheme of the whole Work. 1823Byron Juan vii. l, The first Detachment of three columns took its station,..the second's ordination Was also in three columns. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. i. 18 We must bear in mind the different ordination of ceremony..in that early and rude stage of society.
b. Arrangement in orders or classes; classification in orders.
1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 28, I would not have any man think I deliver the forms above for a true and exact ordination of names. 1885P. MacOwan Rep. Cape Town Bot. Gard. for 1884. 11 The ordination of the Orchideæ.
c. Statistics and Ecology. [tr. G. ordnung.] The arrangement of a set of points, given as in a multidimensional space, into a space of fewer dimensions with minimal distortion.
1954D. W. Goodall in Austral. Jrnl. Bot. II. 323 Factor analysis does not result in a classification of vegetation in the ordinary sense, but in an arrangement of the vegetational data in a multi-dimensional series. For such an arrangement, there appears to be no word in English which one can use as an antonym to classification; I would like to propose the term ‘ordination’. 1969E. C. Pielou Introd. Math. Ecol. xx. 250 As a method of summarizing the results of a survey, ordination has two great advantages over classification: it obviates the need for setting up arbitrary criteria for defining the classes and there is no need to assume that distinct classes (if there are any) are hierarchically related. 1971Blackith & Reyment Multivariate Morphometrics xvi. 229 Proctor..found that ordinations of some British liverworts gave readily interpretable polarities.
II.
2. a. The action of ordaining, or conferring holy orders; appointment or admission to the ministry of the Church; the fact of being ordained.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 141 If the archebischop of Yorke dee, his successor shalle comme to Caunterbury to receyve his ordinacion [ordinationem ab eo accipiet]. 1641Milton Animadv. xiii. Wks. (1851) 229 As for Ordination, what is it, but the laying on of hands, an outward signe or symbol of admission? it creates nothing, it conferres nothing. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 87 Bishops have power of ordination of presbyters in every city, Tit. i. 5; 1 Tim. 5. 22. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. iii. 23 That, where the benefice was to be conferred on a mere layman, he was first presented to the bishop, in order to receive ordination. 1842G. S. Faber Prov. Lett. (1844) I. 241 Many of our best..divines hold presbyteral ordination to be valid in cases of necessity.
attrib.1879Ashwell Life Bp. Wilberforce I. viii. 334 The reforms in regard to Ordination work, for which the Church is indebted to him. Ibid. 339 The features of a Cuddesdon Ordination week.
†b. Appointment to any office or position. rare.
1650Hobbes De Corp. Pol. 152 An Election or Ordination, howsoever made.
III. 3. a. The action or fact of ordaining or decreeing, esp. as a divine action.
1460J. Capgrave Chron. (Rolls) 10 The sexte cause is of Goddis ordinacioun. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 33 To quhome he was..subjeckit be the ordinatioun of God. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 233 From hence those which are subject learn to obey the powers which are of human ordination. 1794Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. II. xx. 384 The quality of transparency is given, by a wise ordination of Providence, to the fluid substance of water. 1849R. I. Wilberforce Holy Bapt. (1850) 149 That such a decree would go forth..had been known beforehand to the Supreme Intelligence and had been part of His ordination.
†b. Destination (to an end or purpose); destined or ordained function or disposition. Obs.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 63 An ox..is called a plower,..slow, and ill-favoured; with many other such notes of their nature, ordination, and condition. 1678Norris Coll. Misc. (1699) 184 Whatsoever has such a Natural Ordination to, or Connexion with, the well or ill Being of mankind. 1829J. L. Knapp Jrnl. of Naturalist 332 The same propensity, or ordination, for removing decayed matters.
†4. That which is ordained; an ordinance, decree, statute, law; a prescribed observance. Obs.
1526Tindale Luke i. 6 Booth..walked in all the lawes and ordinacions of the lorde. 1651Life Father Sarpi (1676) 101 A constant tenacity and an habited custom to observe ordinations with all exquisiteness. 1656Hobbes Lib., Necess., & Chance (1841) 157 If he intended..that unjust laws are not genuine laws,..because they are not the ordinations of right reason. |