| 释义 |
orchard|ˈɔːtʃəd|
Forms: see below.
[orig. OE. ort-ᵹeard, parallel to Goth. aurti-gards garden, the first element of which is considered to be L. hortus (in late and med.L. ortus, It. orto) garden. Cf. Goth. aurtja gardener, and OHG. orzôn (:—*ortôjan) to cultivate. Already in 9th c., OE. ortᵹeard passed into orcᵹeard, orceard, whence ME. orchard; also, with recognition of the second element orch-yard, ort-yard, or, with later conformation to L. hortus, hort-yard.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
(α) 1 ortᵹeard, ordceard, 4 ortyerd, 6 ortyerde, ortȝard, ortiard, (ortesyerde), 6–7 ortyard, 7 ort-yard.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. xl. 292 To plantianne..swæ se ceorl deð his ortᵹeard. Ibid. xlix. 380 Hlyst hider, ðu þe eardast on friondes ortᵹearde [Hatt. orcᵹearde]. 1042Charter in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 72 Ða haᵹawon porte ðæt is se ordceard æt mærdice. c1450Cursor M. 10473 (Laud) In-to hir ortyerd [Cott. orchard] she yede anon. 1506Will of Duckworth (Som. Ho.), The orte ȝarde. 1532in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 54 The Garden or ortȝard ouer ageinst the College. 1563Ibid. I. 160 The gardeynes and ortesyerdes belonging to Gonevill. 1579Stubbes Gaping Gulf F iij, Our Ortyards must be measured by the foote. 1693Evelyn De la Quint., Orange Trees 1 In our Ort-yards and Olitorie Gardens.
(β) 1 orcᵹeard, -ᵹyrd, 1–2 orceard, (1 orcird, -yrd, -erd), 3 orchærd, (horechard), 3–6 orcharde, 3– orchard; (4 orichard, 4–6 orcherd(e, 5 Sc. orchart, 6 ortchard, north. orchert, -erit).
c897Orcᵹearde [see α]. c1000–1100 Orceard, etc. [see B. 1 a]. a1100Gerefa in Anglia IX. 261 Timber cleofan, orceard ræran and mæniᵹe inweorc wyrcean. c1205Lay. 12955 Heo comen in ænne orchærd [c 1275 horechard]. a1225Ancr. R. 378 Ȝe beoð ȝunge impen iset in Godes orcharde. c1300Thrush & Nightingale 98 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 54 Ich habbe leue to ben here, In orchard and in erbere. a1440Sir Degrev. 615 In at an orcherd thei lepe, Y-armede as thei ware. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 740 Gud gardens gay, and orchartis gret thai spill. 1535Coverdale Eccl. ii. 4, I made me ortchardes and gardens of pleasure.
(γ) 4 orchiard, orcheȝerde, -ȝarde, -yerde, 4–6 orcheyarde, 5 orche-ȝerd, orcheyerd, 6 orchiarde, orchyarde, orcheyard, 6–7 ortchyard, 7–8 orchyard.
13..Cursor M. 8200 (Cott.) Wit-in his aun orchiard. c1394P. Pl. Crede 166 Orcheȝardes and erberes euesed well clene. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 108 Lekyn þanne þi subgitz to oon orche-ȝerd. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §122 Set in a garden or an orchyarde. 1555Eden Decades 11 To make gardeynes and orchiardes.
(δ) 6 horteyarde, hortyeard, 6–7 hort(e)yard, 7 hort-yard: see hortyard.
B. Signification.
1. An enclosed piece of ground for the purposes of horticulture.
†a. Formerly, in general sense, A garden, for herbs and fruit-trees. Obs.
b. Now, An enclosure for the cultivation of fruit-trees.
a.c1000ælfric Gram. viii. (Z.) 28 Ortus, orceard [v.rr. orcird, orcyrd, orcᵹyrd, ordceard] oððe wyrtun. c1000ælfric Gen. ii. 8 God þa aplantode wynsumnisse orcerd..on þam he ᵹeloᵹode þone man þe he ᵹeworhte. a1100Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 333/24 Ortus, orcyrd. Ortulanus, orcerdweard. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 115 In þat orcheȝerde Crist was i-take [L. in quo horto captus fuit]. Ibid. VI. 31 [Mahomet's] paradys þe orchard of likynge [L. paradisum hortum scilicet deliciarum]. 1388Wyclif Isa. i. 30 Whanne ye schulen be..as an orcherd [1382 gardyn, Vulg. hortus] with out watir.
b.c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 252 Beoð..hyra orcerdas mid æpplum afyllede. 1388Wyclif Eccl. ii. 5, Y made ȝerdis and orcherdis [1382 gardynes and appil gardynes, Vulg. hortos et pomaria]. c1440Promp. Parv. 368/2 Orcherde, supra in appull-yerde, pomerium. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 810/5 Hoc pomerium, a norchard. 1522Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 149 The new ortyerde with the gardyns. 1600Holland Livy xxii. xv. 441 Standing upon Hortyards [L. arbustum] and Vineyards. 1657Trapp Comm. Job ii. 11 Their trees suddenly withered in their Ort-yards. 1796C. Marshall Garden. iii. (1813) 44 An orchard is a spot to plant standard fruit in which are forbidden a place in the garden. 1838Murray's Hand-bk. N. Germ. 285 Güls..is surrounded by orchards, which furnish cherries and walnuts in large quantities. 1845Florist's Jrnl. 7 Orchards are portions of ground appropriated to the growth of fruit trees only.
2. attrib. and Comb., as orchard-bird, orchard bounds, orchard-close, orchard door, orchard-fruit, orchard ground, orchard-land, orchard side, orchard tree, orchard wall; orchard-circled, orchard-fresh adjs.; orchard-breaker, orchard-maker, orchard-robber; orchard grass, any grass grown in an orchard, esp. in U.S., the Cock's-foot Grass, Dactylis glomerata; orchard-house, a glass house for the protection of fruit that is either too delicate to be grown in the open air, or required to ripen earlier; orchard oriole, a North American oriole (Icterus spurius) which suspends its nest from the boughs of fruit and other trees.
1876Lanier Poems, Psalm of West 446 We heard the *orchard-bird's small song.
1725Pope Odyss. xxiv. 260 Sets of flow'ry thorn, Their *orchard-bounds to strengthen and adorn.
1818Scott Guy M. vi, He detected poachers, black-fishers, *orchard-breakers, and pigeon-shooters.
1889W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin 90 They will lead her home again To the *orchard-circled farm.
1844E. B. Browning Lost Bower in Poems II. 100 In the pleasant *orchard closes, ‘God bless all our gains,’ say we. 1881O. Wilde Poems 116 Past sombre homestead and wet orchard-close. 1922E. K. Chambers in Poems of Today 2nd Ser. 101, I like to think how Shakespeare..ate his pippin in his orchard close.
1900Daily News 12 Sept. 5/1 A visit to the *orchard country in the garden of England is a revelation.
a1847Eliza Cook Birds 11 The *orchard-deck'd land.
1535Coverdale Susanna 17 Shut the *orcharde dore.
1971Countryman Autumn 201/2 (Advt.), Direct delivery in own transport to most areas (south of and incl. Glasgow) to reach you in *orchard-fresh condition.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 222 Now..gather your last *Orchard-Fruits.
1765Ann. Reg. ii. 144/2 A seed of the plant which they call *orchard grass. 1882Garden 8 Apr. 244/1 Orchard Grass should never be made into hay. 1884Miller Plant-n., Orchard Grass, Dactylis glomerata.
1858Glenny Gard. Every-day Bk. 206/1 These *Orchard Houses, as they are called, may answer well where there is no lengthened frost after April comes in.
1687Southampton Rec. (1877) II. 55 One acre for his *orchard land. 1903Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 7/1 In the orchard-land of Normandy the privately distilled liquor is..a recognized medium of exchange. 1938[see grain-land s.v. grain n.1 18 a]. 1977P. G. Winslow Witch Hill Murder ii. 126 The Brewster land was orchard land.
1721Strype Eccl. Mem. I. lii. 393 Many gardiners and *orchyard makers.
1868Wood Homes without H. xiii. 242 The *Orchard Oriole, or Bob-o'-link..is equally notable for its skill in nest-building.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 108 Dioscorides writeth of..the *ortiard Peartre..and of the wyld Pere tre.
1859Smiles Self Help 63 Scapegrace, *orchard-robber, shoe-maker, cudgel-player, and smuggler.
c1345Orpheo 64 [She] walked in the undertyde To pley in hur *orchardsyde.
1627tr. Bacon's Life & Death (1651) 4 Wilde trees, in comparison of *Orchard-trees. 1876J. Saunders Lion in Path i, The murmur of orchard trees brushing together softly.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. ii. 63 The *Orchard walls are high, and hard to climbe. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. i. ii, Where by the orchyard walls The learned Chume with stealing water crawls. |