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opportunist, n. (and a.)|ɒpəˈtjuːnɪst, ˈɒpətjuːnɪst|
[f. as prec. + -ist; in F. opportuniste.]
1. a. One who professes or practises opportunism in politics, or in any sphere of action; spec. in French politics, a member of the party led by Gambetta (see quot. 1881); also, one who, at the Vatican Council of 1870, held that the time was opportune for the promulgation of the doctrine of Papal Infallibility (cf. inopportunist), and in Socialism and Communism, an advocate of opportunism (sense 1 b).
1881Contemp. Rev. Oct. 624 The term Opportunist was first applied to him [Gambetta] by Rochefort, in an article in the Droits de l'homme, published in February, 1876. 1881Auberon Herbert in Times 29 Sept. 3/6 The opportunist is..the man who says ‘I would not, but I must’. He yields to what he condemns, to what he thinks neither right nor just..but what, as he claims, is justified and forced upon him by..circumstances. 1882–3Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 1077 Called inopportunists, as distinct from the opportunists. 1886M. Creighton in Academy 27 Feb. 139/3 It is a conceivable view to take of him [Cranmer] that he concealed a good deal of firmness under the guise of an opportunist. 1889Athenæum 16 Feb. 205/2 Mr. Gosse..considers him [Dryden]..to be a sort of literary opportunist. 1898Daily News 8 Nov. 6/2 Mr. Gladstone was, in the best sense of the word, an opportunist. Like Prince Bismarck, he held that a statesman should serve his country as circumstances require, rather than as his own opinions, which are often prejudices, dictate. 1902Fortn. Rev. Jan. 128 The mountain of the [German Social Democratic] party joined hands with the Opportunists. 1903Social-Democrat VII. 87 It is constantly being brought as a reproach against the German Party that they were more severe with the revolutionary dissenters from the party theory than they have been with the opportunists. 1909M. Epstein tr. Sombart's Socialism & Social Movement ii. iii. 217 All authoritative Revisionists, Opportunists, Reformers..stand firm for the class war, and..desire the total abolition of the capitalist system, and not merely its reformation. 1919Trotsky in J. Degras Communist Internat. Documents (1956) I. 41 The opportunists, who before the world war appealed to the workers to practise moderation for the sake of the gradual transition to socialism. 1930M. J. Olgin tr. Lenin's Conference of Foreign Sect. of R.S.-D.L.P. in Coll. Wks. XVIII. 149 It would be a harmful illusion to hope to restore a real Socialist International without drawing a clear line of organisational demarcation between real Socialists and opportunists. 1934tr. Lenin in Lenin on Britain iv. i. 142 The opportunists (social-chauvinists) are working together with the imperialist bourgeoisie..in the direction of creating an imperialist Europe on the backs of Asia and Africa;..the opportunists are a section of the petty bourgeoisie [etc.]... Autumn 1916.
b. attrib. or as adj.
1881Seeley Bonaparte in Macm. Mag. July 164/1 All serious governments alike, that of Bonaparte, that of the Restoration,..that of Louis Napoleon and the present opportunist Republic, have adhered to the principles of 1789. 1887Spectator 27 Aug. 1144 The present [French] Cabinet is in essentials an Opportunist Cabinet. 1895F. M. Crawford Ralstons v. 68 A man of fine principles and opportunist practice. 1902Fortn. Rev. Jan. 129 Where Marx is fatalistic, Bernstein is opportunist. 1903Social-Democrat VII. 86 To turn..to the German Party, the opportunist tendency has naturally always existed. 1929J. Fineberg tr. Selections from Lenin I. 177 Axelrod and Martov..have dropped into the opportunist wing of our Party... They have to repeat opportunist phrases..to seek..some kind of justification for their position. 1934tr. Lenin in Lenin on Britain v. iv. 212 The victory of the revolutionary proletariat is impossible..unless the opportunist social-traitor leaders are exposed, disgraced and driven out... April–May 1920. 1974tr. Sniečkus's Soviet Lithuania 12 A reformist opportunist trend..had developed on the basis of the petty-bourgeois nationalistic ideology. 1974J. White tr. Poulantzas's Fascism & Dictatorship iv. i. 147 The ‘left opportunist’ elements bore a very grave responsibility in the advent of fascism.
2. Med. An opportunistic fungus or micro-organism (see opportunistic a. 3). Also attrib. or as adj.
1937M. Frobisher Fund. Bacteriol. xiv. 138 These organisms..do not initiate the rot. They are opportunists. 1967Jrnl. Hygiene LXV. 575 (heading) Classification of Mycobacterium avium and related opportunist mycobacteria met in England and Wales. Ibid., Overt opportunist infection. 1973Amer. Jrnl. Med. LV. 862/1 As an opportunist, its ability to produce human disease depends not on its intrinsic virulence but on abnormalities of host defenses. 1976Lancet 27 Nov. 1169/1 There was no evidence of opportunist infection.
3. Ecol. An opportunistic species (see opportunistic a. 2). Also attrib. or as adj.
1970Lethaia III. 70 Even in habitats of low physico⁓chemical stress and great stability, opportunists may participate in occasional invasions of an otherwise stable fauna. 1973P. A. Colinvaux Introd. Ecol. xvii. 392 It is opportunist animals..which, exposed to hazard of weather in their normal lives, are most likely to have their numbers curbed by accident of weather. Ibid. 393 Opportunists, being specialists at dispersion, are likely to get there first but, since the fresh bare ground may be in a place of generally stable climate, the equilibrium species will not be far behind. The opportunists enjoy the new land only briefly, after which they are eliminated by competition. 1975Nature 20 Nov. 197/1 These data suggest that birch is behaving as an opportunist in the composition of the forest. |