| 释义 |
▪ I. † proˈpose, n. Obs.
Also 5 propos, 6 Sc. propoise.
[ME. propos, a. F. propos (13th c.), f. proposer to propose, under the influence of L. prōposit-um a thing proposed. See purpose n.]
1. Something proposed for discussion; a subject; a proposition.
a1325Prose Psalter lxxvii[i]. 2, Y shal speke proposes fram þe bygynnyng. c1400Apol. Loll. 54 Þe propos, Whas doctrine any folowiþ, his disciple he is. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. 1 All the propose which then was discoursed vpon, was Musicke.
2. Purpose, intention.
1483in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 51 We remayne in the said propose. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xxix. 87 Thy propos thou ought to say or shewe vnto few folke. c1500Melusine 228 The commynaltee of the tounne..were in propos & wylle for to yeld the toun & themself ouer to the kyng Zodyus. 1556Aurelio & Isab. (1608) K iv, The kinge of nothinge changedt his propose. 1573–4Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 329 The said Robert..is on propoise..to purches ane licence to depart. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vii. xxiv. §17 If to withdraw any mite of that which is but in propose only bequeathed,..be a sin.
3. A proposal; something proposed to be done.
1600Holland Livy xli. xxiv. 1112 When the same men..gaue their accord now also to this propose. 1673in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 265 After the Maior hath made his proposes every Alderman..shall have liberty to speake. a1721Prior Erle Robert's Mice 10 John the Saint, Who maketh oft propos full queint,..cried To Matthew..Come frame us now some..playsant rhime on yonder mice.
▪ II. propose, v.|prəʊˈpəʊz|
[a. F. propose-r (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. pro-, pro-1 + poser, pose v.1; substituted for L. prōpōn-ĕre (cf. compose): see propone and cf. purpose v.]
†1. trans. To put forth, hold forth, or present to view or perception; to exhibit. lit. and fig. Obs.
1548Gest Pr. Masse in H. G. Dugdale Life (1840) App. i. 117 Let us not grossely beholde the breade and cuppe proposed and set before our eyes, but in faythe consydere the lambe of God. 1598Chapman Iliad To Rdr., The worth of a skilfull and worthy translator is to obserue the sentences, figures, and formes of speech proposed in his author. c1610Women Saints 33 The crosse..the bishop..at Ester doth take forth, and propose it to the people to be adored. 1644Quarles Barnabas & B. 33 Propose to mine eyes the evilness of my days. 1737Whiston Josephus, Antiq. xiv. x. §2, I will that [the decree] be openly proposed in a table of brass.
2. a. To put forward or present for consideration, discussion, solution, imitation, or other treatment; to put before the mind, bring to one's notice, call attention to; to set forth, state, propound.
The pa. pple. proposed following a n. has sometimes the force of ‘in question’: see quot. 1715.
c1430[see proposed]. c1475Partenay 6404 Sin more ther-of I can noght propose, Of-fors moste I here take rest and repose. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 795 That they might resort to his presence to propose their entent, of which they would to none other person any part disclose. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 401 Yeelding the choyce..to the discretion of the Ladie Flauia who thus proposed her minde. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, v. v. 20 Where I stand, kneele thou, Whil'st I propose the selfe-same words to thee, Which (Traytor) thou would'st haue me answer to. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. v. (1686) 13 God..hath proposed the World unto our Knowledge. 1657Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 76 When the Priest proposes to God the people's necessities. 1715tr. Gregory's Astron. (1726) I. 428 To define the Periodic time of any Planet about the Sun. Let the Planet proposed be observed in the Node. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 90 ⁋3 The poets..whom he proposed to himself for his models. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 9 The Church did but take into her service, and propose a fitting object to, an impulse which will vent itself in some form or other. 1892Westcott Gospel of Life Pref. 22 Nature herself does not give an answer to the riddles which she proposes.
†b. To set before one's mind as something to be expected; to look for, anticipate; in quot. 1588, ‘to look forward to, to be ready to meet’ (Schmidt), to face, confront. Obs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. i. 80 A thousand deaths would I propose, To atchieue her. 1606― Tr. & Cr. ii. ii. 146, I propose not meerely to my selfe, The pleasures such a beauty brings with it. 1670Cotton Espernon Apology, What utility may we not propose to our selves, from the great examples both of the one, and the other? 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 47 The men could propose nothing to themselves but hardships. 1749Fielding Tom Jones v. iii, The pleasure he proposed in seeing her married.
c. To set before one (usually, before onself) as an aim, end, or object; to put forward as something to be attained.
1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. ii. 110 But ere we could arriue the Point propos'd, Cæsar cride, Helpe me Cassius, or I sinke. 1602― Ham. iii. ii. 204 What to our selues in passion we propose, The passion ending, doth the purpose lose. 1638Rouse Heav. Univ. vi. (1702) 79 We must propose an End worthy of God. 1715Atterbury Serm., Matt. xxvii. 25 (1734) I. 119 The great Ends and Designs he proposed to himself in their Sufferings. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 67 As if the Cardinal had proposed it to himself simply as a costly monument of his ambition.
†d. To contemplate as a supposition; to imagine, fancy: = propound v. 5 b. Obs. rare.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, v. ii. 92 Make the case yours: Be now the Father, and propose a Sonne.
e. Mus. To ‘give out’ or sound (a subject) for imitation or contrapuntal treatment.
1879Grove Dict. Mus. I. 69/2 An answer in music is, in strict counterpoint, the repetition by one part or instrument of a theme proposed by another.
3. To put forward for acceptance.
†a. To set before or hand to some one for him to take; to present. Obs.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 57 Hauing no other or better meane.., then these submissiue lines; I propose them vnto you..confessing that if any waies I haue erred vnto you..it was but as a yong man. 1609Bible (Douay) Exod. xii. Comm., The lambe being consumed, which old tradition proposed, the Master setteth inconsumptible meate to his disciples. c1611Chapman Iliad xi. 554 Withal so weighty was the cup, That being proposed brimful of wine, one scarce could lift it up.
b. To proffer or offer for mental acceptance or assent. In quot. 1602, To state the terms of (an oath) to be ‘taken’ or sworn.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. v. ii. 69 He whose wife is most obedient,..Shall win the wager which we will propose. 1602― Ham. i. v. 152 Hor. Propose the Oath my Lord. Ham. Neuer to speake of this that you haue seene, Sweare by my sword. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 102 The boughs thereof [the Palm] haue bin proposed as rewards for such as were either victorious in armes or exercises. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 331 A Man may have seen the Maid, propos'd him for a Wife, especially when she was little. 1780S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett (ed. 4) II. 95, I will wait..to hear the event of terms that are proposing between the countries. 1883Stevenson Treas. Franchard iii. in Merry Men, etc. (1905) 220, I propose no wages.
c. To nominate for acceptance for some office or position, esp. as a member of a society.
1715Atterbury Serm., Matt. xxvii. 25 (1734) I. 121 Pilate..then proposes him as the Man he was by Custom to release at the Passover. 1770Foote Lame Lover i. 25 There is to be a ballot at one for the Ladies' Club..and lady Bab Basto has proposed me for a member. 1871Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. Feb. 107, I propose the head boy..for chief.
d. To make a formal proposal to the company to drink (a health or toast); to offer for acceptance as a toast.
1712W. Rogers Voy. 44 They were very merry, and in their Cups propos'd the Pope's Health..; to keep up the Humour, we also propos'd William Pen's to them. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvii. IV. 7 As often as any of the great princes proposed a health, the kettle drums and trumpets sounded. 1892Law Times XCII. 145/2 The second part of his duty was to propose the health of the honorary Fellows.
e. absol. To make an offer of marriage. Also with for and (more usually) to. (colloq.)
1764Gray Candidate 20 Divinity heard, between waking and dozing, Her sisters denying, and Jemmy proposing. 1800E. Hervey Mourtray Fam. I. 190 If a man now says three words to a girl, she immediately expects he is to propose to her. 1855Thackeray Newcomes II. xiii. 127 Perhaps neither of them will propose for her. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. Introd. 44 Ptolemy Physcon,..who proposed, but in vain, to Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi. 1872A. C. Steele Broken Toys II. xxv. 167, I am going to Vere Court tomorrow to propose for Nella Vere. 1911G. B. Shaw Getting Married 227 Sykes. When her blood boils about it..she doesnt care what she says. Reginald. Well: you knew that when you proposed to her. 1928E. O'Neill Strange Interlude ix. 341 Ned's just proposed to me. I refused him, Charlie. 1931H. Walpole Judith Paris ii. 311 She had been amazed when the handsome young Pomfret Herries had proposed for her in marriage. 1978T. Sharpe Throwback iii. 19 Mr Flawse..took a swig of brandy to steady his nerves. The bloody woman was proposing to him.
4. trans. spec. with an action as obj.a. To put forward as a scheme or plan to be adopted; to lay before another or others as something which one offers to do, or wishes to be done. (With simple obj., obj. clause, or inf.)
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §21 Not to communicate the thing proposed, before he had first taken his Own resolution. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 202 The king proposed the marching to London. 1788C. Reeve Exiles II. 237, I proposed to my wife to reside at M―. 1799Ht. Lee Canterb. T., Old Woman's T. (ed. 2) I. 366 Lothaire..at length proposed retiring. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 66 King James..proposed to his nobles an inroad into England. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. ii. 101 It had been proposed to marry the Princess Mary to a son of the French king. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 228 He proposes that they shall reassemble on the following day.
b. To put before one's own mind as something that one is going to do; to design, purpose, intend. (With inf. or vbl. n.) Now usually with some notion of having formed a decision or intention.
1500–20Exhort. bef. Commun. in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1847) III. 348, Y charge yow..that no man nother woman that this day proposyth here to be comenyd that he go note to Godds bord, lase than he byleue stedfastlych, that [etc.]. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lv. 6 Now propoyss thai..Off Wenus feest to fang ane fill. 1718Free-thinker No. 31 ⁋11 To compleat the Observations I at first proposed to make upon these Fanaticks. 1738C'tess of Hertford Corr. (1805) I. 23, I..propose being there on the birth day. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. vi. 142 He had proposed to conquer Jerusalem, and to have rebuilt it, had God granted him life.
c. absol. To put forward a scheme, make a proposal or motion; to form a design or purpose. In quot. 1485–6 ellipt. = propose to go.
Prov. man proposes, God disposes: see dispose v. 7.
1340Ayenb. 180 Nou [h]y leueþ, nou hi misleueþ, nou hi wylleþ, nou hi ne wylleþ, nou hi proposent, nou hit is betere. Þeruore hi byeþ ase þe wedercoc þet is ope þe steple, þet him went mid eche wynde. 1485–6Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 50 The Kyng proposyth northward hastyly after the Parlament. c1500[see dispose v. 7]. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) G v b, I..knew the famous oratour Taurin propose diuers tymes in the senate. 1625Bacon Apophth. Wks. 1879 I. 327 At Athens wise men did propose, and fools dispose. 1898Daily News 20 Dec. 5/3 But, ‘Man proposes, God disposes’—how everlastingly true is that old saying of the good Thomas à Kempis!
†5. absol. or intr. To carry on a discussion; to confer, converse, discourse. Obs. rare. (Cf. 2.)
1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. i. 3 There shalt thou finde my Cosin Beatrice, Proposing with the Prince and Claudio. 1604― Oth. i. i. 25 The Bookish Theoricke: Wherein the Tongued [1st Quarto toged] Consuls can propose As Masterly as he. |