| 释义 |
Okhrana|ɒxˈrɑːnə|
Also Ochrana.
[a. Russ. okhrána, lit. ‘guarding, protection’.]
An organization of political police set up in 1881 in tsarist Russia after the assassination of Alexander II to maintain the security of the state and suppress revolutionary activities, and disbanded in 1917. Cf. Cheka.
1899P. Kropotkin Mem. of Revolutionist II. vi. 246 A secret league for the protection of the Tsar [Alexander III] was started... This league still exists in a more official shape, under the name of Okhrána (Protection). 1906Cosmopolitan Dec. 237/2 The exact number, local distribution, and cost of the ‘okhrana’..are known to no single official. 1920Contemp. Rev. June 861 The Soviet authorities were confronted with the task..of abrogating individual laws permeated by the spirit of the Tsarist Okhrana. 1928Illustr. Hist. Russ. Rev. I. 65 The confidential reports of the police and the ‘Okhrana’ furnish convincing evidence of the political nature of the unrest in the capital. 1930A. T. Vassilyev (title) The Ochrana: the Russian secret police. 1949I. Deutscher Stalin ii. 36 Okhrana, or the Third Department, was the political police set up in 1881, after the assassination of Alexander II. 1974T. P. Whitney tr. Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipel. I. i. ii. 67 Section 13, presumably long since out of date, had to do with service in the Tsarist secret police—the Okhrana. |