| 释义 |
obsidian Min.|əbˈsɪdɪən|
[In current form ad. erron. L. obsidiān-us, in edd. of Pliny for obsiānus; so called from its resemblance to a stone found in Ethiopia by one Obsius (erron. Obsidius). In F. obsidiane, -enne (1752 in Dict. Trévoux).
The erroneous Obsidius, obsidianus, occur in the earliest printed edd. of Pliny; but Obsius, obsianus, came down through the mediæval writers on Natural History.]
A dark-coloured vitreous lava or volcanic rock, of varying composition, resembling common bottle-glass; volcanic glass.
[1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xcix. (MS. Bodl. lf. 184/2), Þe stone osianus is irekned amonge glas, and þis is somtyme grene somtyme blacke & clere & briȝt. 1601Holland Pliny II. 598 There may be ranged among the kinds of glasses, those which they call Obsidiana, for that they carry some resemblance of that stone, which one Obsidius found in æthyopia. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 79 The Obsidianus [represents] a Shaddow. 1750tr. Leonardus' Mirr. Stones 216 Obsius, or Obsianus, is of a black transparent Colour in the Likeness of Glass. ]1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 264 Obsidian..is found in Hungary, inhering in gneiss, and disintegrated granite. 1811Pinkerton Petral. II. 310 Black or blue obsidian. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville II. 197 Their weapons were bows and arrows; the latter tipped with obsidian. 1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 359 Any lava will become glassy, and thus make obsidian, by rapid cooling. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Jan. ix, A pyx..of dark obsidian's rarest green.
b. Also obsidian stone (lapis Obsi(di)anus).
[1601Holland Pliny II. 629 As touching the stone Obsidianus, I haue written sufficiently.] 1656Blount Glossogr., Obsidian Stone, a precious stone, mentioned in Pliny. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 126 The Obsidian stone. 1715tr. Pancirollus' Rerum Mem. I. i. iii. 10 Obsidian Stones are black, but very shining. a1822Shelley Pr. Wks. (1880) III 72 A remarkable figure of Sleep as a winged child..sleeping on its great half unfolded wing of black obsidian stone.
c. attrib. and Comb.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 352 Obsidian Porphyry. Black, or greyish black. 1861Tylor Anahuac iv. 97 Obsidian-headed arrows. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 213 It is an obsidian mountain, it looks like a mountain of broken glass bottles. 1872Athenæum 21 Dec. 813/1 Obsidian knives, and flakes..reminding one of the Mexican examples in the British Museum. Ibid., The so-called flint flakes of Marathon are, in reality, obsidian flakes. |