| 释义 |
nuclease Biochem.|ˈnjuːklɪeɪz, -s|
[a. G. nuclease, f. nucl- (in nucleoproteïd nucleoprotein): see -ase.
The Ger. word was coined by Emmerich and Löw 1899, in Zeitschr. für Hygiene XXXI. 10, but in a different sense (see quot. 1902); the present meaning originated with L. Iwanoff 1903, in Zeitschr. für physiol. Chem. XXXIX. 43.]
Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides into smaller units.
1902Vaughan & Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) ix. 175 It is proposed that bacteriolytic enzymes be given the general name of nucleases, because they digest the nucleo⁓proteids of the bacterial cells. Ibid., In their second paper Emmerich and Löw detail the methods which they have employed in the preparation of their nucleases and immuneproteids. 1903Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXIV. ii. 679 Various fungi..decompose nucleic acid with the liberation of phosphoric acid and purine bases; this appears to be a ferment action... The name nuclease is suggested for the enzyme responsible for the action. 1911Jrnl. Biol. Chem. IX. 129 The term nuclease is usually understood to designate a ferment..through whose agency nucleic acid is decomposed with the liberation of purine bases. 1949H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics I. i. 20 The active material was supposed to be an enzyme—it was even stated to be a nuclease. 1954A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. xx. 582 The intestinal mucosa is also believed to form nucleases which aid in the digestion of the high molecular weight nucleic acids and polynucleotides. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. xx. 481 The effect of the lysosomal nucleases is to cleave the molecule [of nucleic acid] into smaller polynucleotide fragments, with the liberation of only a few free nucleotides. |