| 释义 |
nipple, n.|ˈnɪp(ə)l|
Forms: α. 6 neble, nible, 7 nibble. β. 6 neapil, neaple, nypil, 7 nipl, 6– nipple.
[Of uncertain origin: there is no clear connexion with OE. nypel, used by ælfric of an elephant's trunk.]
1. a. The small prominence, composed of vascular erectile tissue, in which the ducts of the mammary glands terminate externally in nearly all mammals of both sexes; esp. that of a woman's breast; a teat.
α1530Palsgr. 247/2 Neble of a womans pappe, bout de la mamelle. 1598R. Haydocke tr. Lomazzo i. 30 The heades or extuberances whence the milke is sucked out, are called Nibles. 1611Cotgr., Tetin, the nibble or nipple of a dug. 1650Massey Glasse for Worldlings 21 So much wormwood withall makes me nauseat the nibble. 1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin ii. 114 Or Caucasus did form thee, of a Pebble, Or some fell Tigress nurs'd thee with her nibble.
β1538Elyot, Papilla, the nyppell or teate of a womannes breaste. 1570Levins Manip. 125/26 A Nypil, papilla. Ibid. 209/8 A Neaple, teate, papilla. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. iii. 30 It did tast the Worme-wood on the nipple of my Dugge. 1598Chapman Iliad iv. 568 Thoas..threw a dart, that did his pile convay Above his nipple, through his lungs. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physick 156 The child will suck, and not touch the Nipple with his Lips. 1707Phil. Trans. XXV. 2216 A small portion of it, in the form of a Nipple, did intrude itself as it were under the Tongue. 1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 428 A tumour appeared under his left nipple. 1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. II. xxiv. 477 The elephant..has only two pectoral nipples. 1869Lady Lytton Orval 139 A finer babe was never Put to the nipple.
fig.1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xiv. 411 He infected the Universitie, from which he suck'd no milk but poysoned her nipples.
b. transf. A device used to cover the nipple while a child is sucking; also, the teat of a nursing-bottle.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 412 The paine in sucking may be prevented by an artificial nipple, covered with that of a young heifer. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1528/2 The nipple..has a stop-flange to keep it from passing too far into the infant's mouth.
2. a. Something resembling a nipple in function as well as form.
1573Baret Alv. s.v., A little cocke, end, or nipple perced,..which is put at the end of the cannelles of a fountayne, where through y⊇ water commeth forth. 1841Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. IV. 93/2 A stop cock..so adjusted as to allow any number of drops per minute to fall from the nipple. 1873Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 132/2 For filling the cases nipples of various sizes are employed, made preferably of metal.
b. A prominence on the surface of the skin which resembles a nipple; esp. such as marks the outlet of any secretory gland.
1713Derham Phys.-Theol. vii. i. note, Two or three larger Cells, lying under the Nipple of the Oil-bag. 1730Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. I. xiv. §3 Those little Protuberances, which they call the Papillae, or Nipples [of the tongue]. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) II. 192/2 Spiders have five tubercles or nipples at the extremity of the belly. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xxx. III. 128 Between them also there is a lozenge-shaped opening, through which..protruded a circular sort of nipple.
c. A small protuberance on glass or metal; a projection of any kind having the appearance of a nipple.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 582 Another workman now applies the end of a solid iron rod tipped with melted glass..to the nipple or prominence in the middle. 1863Tyndall Heat iv. §115 (1870) 101 Whenever the hot metal comes into contact with its lead carrier, a nipple suddenly juts from the latter. 1880Spon's Encycl. Manuf. II. 558 A nipple for attachment [of the button] to the garment.
d. A small rounded elevation on the summit of a hill or mountain.
1859Merc. Marine Mag. (1860) VII. 106 Vessels..cannot fail..to recognize the mountain..by its..top, having several nipples. 1860Ibid. 328 The western of these nipples is the higher. 1873W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 343 The crests or nipples of the hill-line are crowned with the domes of the mosques.
3. A short perforated piece made upon, or screwed into, the breech of a muzzle-loading gun, on which the percussion cap is fixed and exploded.
1822Specific. S. Davis's Patent No. 4648 My improvement consists in forming and constructing the pan and nipple of the lock. 1853Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 126/2 A small copper capsule..which fits on the nipple of the touch⁓hole. 1897F. M. Crawford Corleone x, There was a percussion cap on the nipple of the lock.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. In sense 1, as nipple-chancre, nipple-level, nipple-line, nipple-shield; nipple-like, nipple-shaped.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 271 A *nipple chancre..is not an infrequent result.
1893Gee Auscultation & Percussion (ed. 4) i. i. 9 The maximum of difference, on the *nipple level, being an inch and a quarter. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 360 Two inches above the nipple level.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xxx. III. 138 They are a mere retractile *nipple-like protuberance.
1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 183 Apex beat in 5th sp. × *nipple line.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 875 A small *nipple-shaped knob.
1799Underwood Dis. Children III. 111 This public recommendation of the *Nipple-Shield. 1860Simmonds Dict. Trade, Nipple shield, a protection for the breast worn by females.
b. In sense 3, as nipple-lump, nipple-seat, nipple-wrench.
1868Rep. to Govt. U.S. Munitions War 35 Holding the breech-block firmly..by means of the thumb-piece and *nipple-lump.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1528/2 *Nipple-seat, the hump on the side of a barrel on which the nipple is screwed.
1844Regul. & Ord. Army 96 note, One *nipple Wrench. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1529/1 Nipple-wrench, the spanner..used for screwing it to and unscrewing it from the barrel.
c. In names of plants, etc., as † nipple cowry, † nipple peach; nipple cactus, a cactus of the genus Mammillaria, having nipple-like protuberances (Cent. Dict. 1890).
1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 625/2 Mammillaria.—This group..is called *Nipple Cactus. 1971D. Weniger Cacti of Southwest 122/1 Mammillaria similis... ‘Nipple Cactus’.
1713Petiver Aquat. Anim. Amb. 4/1 Gibba{ddd}white *Nipple Coury.
1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. 83 These are condemn'd by the Author as the worst of Peaches. *Nipple Peach [etc.].
Hence nipple v., to furnish with a nipple or nipples; to cover with nipple-like protuberances.
1882in Ogilvie. 1892Daily News 14 Nov. 6/2, I returned to the place, lest some portions of convexed nippled iron should..excite curiosity.
Add: ˈnippled (ppl.) a., furnished with or possessing a nipple or nipples; also fig.
1971Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 19 Feb. 28/1 An enormous pinkish castle, proudly nippled with a pair of towers. 1978M. Puzo Fools Die xxxvii. 425 At the sight of the nippled breasts Janelle felt a surge of sexual lust. |