| 释义 |
▪ I. † nim, n.1 Obs. rare—1.
[f. the vb.]
A thief.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. i. 71 To arrant Thieves..To Sharkes, Stales, Nims, Lifts, Foysts, Cheats.
▪ II. nim, n.2|nɪm|
Also Nim.
[Orig. uncertain: perh. suggested by nim v. or G. nimm (imp. of nehmen to take).]
A game in which two players alternately take one or more objects from any one of several heaps, the aim being to compel one's opponent to take the last remaining object (or, sometimes, to take it oneself).
1901C. L. Bouton in Ann. Math. III. 35 Nim. A game with a complete mathematical theory... The writer has not been able to discover much concerning its history, although certain forms of it seem to be played at a number of American colleges, and at some of the American fairs. It has been called Fan-Tan, but as it is not the Chinese game of that name, the name in the title is proposed for it. 1939Uspensky & Heaslet Elem. Number Theory i. 16 It should be interesting to present an application of the binary system..to the theory of the game of Nim. 1955Sci. News Let. 26 Feb. 134/2 A 17-year-old senior at Newton High School..can boast of having an electronic player that almost never loses in the ancient game of wits, known as ‘nim’. 1968Corlett & Tinsley Pract. Programming iv. 66 In a game of Nim..two players move alternately and take any number of matches from one pile, the winner taking the last match. If a player can set up a winning position, he cannot lose unless he makes a mistake in a subsequent move.
▪ III. nim, v. Now only arch.
Forms: (see below).
[A Common Teut. verb: OE. niman, nioman, etc. = OFris. nima, nema (nam, nomen, nimen; mod.Fris. nimmen, nemmen), MDu. nemen (nam, namen, genomen), OS. niman, neman (nam, nâmun, ginoman and ginuman), MLG. nemen (nam, nêmen, genomen), also nomen, numen, OHG. neman, nemen (nam, nâmun, ginoman; G. nehmen), ON. nema (nam, námu, numinn; MDa. nemme, nimme; MSw. nima, nimma), Goth. niman (nam, nêmun, numans); the root nem- is prob. identical with that of Gr. νέµειν to deal out, distribute, hold, possess, occupy.
In most of its applications nim corresponds to various senses of the later (Scandinavian) take, and remained in common use down to the 15th cent. During the 16th there are few traces of it, but immediately after 1600 it reappears (with weak pa. tense and pa. pple.) as a slang or colloquial word in the sense of ‘to steal’, and is very common in this use throughout the 17th cent.]
†1. trans. To take, in various senses of that verb.
For examples of the frequent ME. phrases to nim gome, heed, or yeme, see under the ns.
a. inf., pres. tense, and imp..
inf. 1 nioman, niom(m)a; 1–2 neoman; 1 nyman, 4 nymen, (5 -yn), 3–5 nyme, 4 nymme, 4–5 nym; 1–2 niman, (1 nimon), 2–4 nimen, (2 -in), 3–4 nime, 4, 7 nim, 7 nimme; 2 nemen, 3–4 neme. pres. ind. 1st sing. 1 nime, nyme, nimo, niomu: 2nd sing. 2 nimes, 2–3 nimest, 3 nymest, nimst; 3rd sing. 1 nimð, 1–3 nimeð, -eþ, 1–4 nymeð, -eþ; 1, 7 nimmes, 4 nymmes, -ez, nymez, 7 nims; pl. 1 niomað, -as, neomaþ, nymað, nimað, 2, 4 nemeð, -eþ, 4 nymes. subj. 1 nyme, 2 nime, 4 nyme, 7 nimme. imp. sing. 1–4 nim, 4–6 nym, 5 nyme, neme; pl. 1–2 nimað, 3 nimeþ, nemeþ, 4 nym(m)eþ, nymes.
c825Vesp. Ps. cxxxvi. 9 Eadiᵹ se nimeð & ᵹecnyseð ða litlan his to stane. 835Charter in O.E. Texts 447 ᵹif..hire liofre sie oðer hemed to niomanne. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xx, Þonne nimað hi hiora men mid him. 971Blickl. Hom. 127 Maniᵹe men þær þa moldan neomaþ on þæm lastum. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1015 Se cyng..het nimon Siᵹeferðes lafe. c1126Ibid. an. 1126 Let se kyning nimen his broðer Rotbert. c1175Lamb. Hom. 29 Þas reueres.. nemeð oðres monnes eahte. c1205Lay. 26837 Þu me woldest a-quellen, nimen mine castles alle. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2362 He bad cartes and waines nimen. a1300Cursor M. 17293 Þai send sergantz for to nym both sir nichodem & him. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7869 Nymeþ out ȝour sexes when y so say. Ibid. 8697 At þe Iewes ensample nymes. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiii. 373 A fote-londe or a forwe..I wolde..nymen of his erthe. c1430Two Cookery-Bks. 6 Þan neme þin grwel an do þer-to. Ibid. 14 Nym gode Almaunde Mylke. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4100 Felgyld next come eftir him, Þe lyfe of ankyr þare to nym. 1486Bk. St. Albans b iiij, Go and retriue moo and she will nym plente. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. i. (1870) 122 Iche cham a Cornyshe man,..Nym me a quart of ale, that iche may it of sup.
b. pa. tense.
(α) 1st and 3rd sing. 1 -noom, 1–5 nom, 3–5 nome; 2nd sing. 1–4 nome; pl. 1 nomun, -an, -on, (noumun), 2–4 nomen, 3–5 nome, 4 nom.
c725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) A 909 Auserunt, nomun [Erf. noumun], hlodun. c825Vesp. Ps. lxxii. 24 Þu nome hond ða swiðran mine. c825Vesp. Hymns i, He sende engel his & nom mec of scepum feadur mines. c900O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 787 Her nom Beorhtric cyning Offan dohtor Eadburᵹe. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark viii. 20 Huu moniᵹ ceolas ðæra screadunga ᵹie nomon? c1175Lamb. Hom. 3 Heo nomen þe asse and here colt. c1205Lay. 25447 Arður nom an honde fifti þusend cnihtes kene. c1275Passion our Lord 379 in O.E. Misc. 48 Þe knyhtes hyne nomen. Ibid. 438 Hi nome twey þeoues. a1300Cursor M. 20690 Of hir bodi mi flexs i nom. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 706 Þe quene þorow treson þey nomen. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1613 Nabuzardan hym nome & now is he here. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 9 Thow nome namore than nede þe tauȝ te. c1420Chron. Vilod. 23 He was þe twolthe kynge þt in Westsex cristyndam nome. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2056 Cuthbert to haly eland come And þe priory on him he nome. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 1812 Maxwell..On to the Sotheroun the gaynest wayis nom.
(β) 1st and 3rd sing. 1–5 nam, 3 namm, næm, naam, 3–5 name; pl. 1 naamun, namon, -an, -en, 4 namen, 3 name, 4 nam.
c825Epinal Gloss. 113 Hauserunt, naamun. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxix. §2 Ða hlafordas naman swa hwæt swa hi hæfden. c900O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 866 [Hi] winter setl namon on East Englum. 971Blickl. Hom. 31 Þas cyþnesse Drihten nam of þisse wisan. Ibid. 69 Hie naman blowende palmtwiᵹu. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1010 Þær namon [hi]..swa mycel swa hi woldon sylfe. c1127Ibid. an. 1127 Þa nam he þes kynges wifes swuster..to wife. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 23 He hereȝede helle and nam ut mid him alle [etc.]. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2840 Moyses..hise childre wið him nam. a1300Cursor M. 20105 Þan name þe apostil..In-til his keping þat maidan. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 36 After þe Bretons þe Inglis camen, Þe lordschip of þis lande þai namen. c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. T. 744 With the coper he came, And this chanon it in his hondes name. c1400Destr. Troy 792 Eneas it name & in note hade. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 32 To peter and poule his hors he nam, And unnethe that nyht to Souters cam.
(γ) pl. 3 neme(n, neomen. sing.. 4 nem; 5 nym(e; 7 nempt.
c1275Lay. 660 Hii neme [c 1205 nomen] anne herindrak þat god was to neode. a1300K. Horn 64 The pains come to londe And neme hit in here honde. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 505 Bot Noe of vche honest kynde nem out an odde. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3540 Þis preste..wist what giftes he gaf or nym. Ibid. 7469 Grete tresure fra þe kyrke he nyme. [1630Lane Contn. Sqr.'s T. (Chaucer Soc.) 116 Ducello..killd each one that in his mowth hee nempt.]
c. pa. pple.
(α) 1 ᵹi-, ᵹ enumen (-nummen), 2–3 inumen, 3 inomen, (4 y-); 1–4 numen, (4 -yn), 4–5 nummen, (4 -un, 6 -yn, 5 -yne), nomen, (-in, -yn, -yne), nommen, (-in, -yn, 5 -an).
c825Epinal Gloss. 100 Adempto, ᵹinumni. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xviii. §7 Eall þæt his fennas & moras ᵹenumen habbað. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 12 Þæt [he] hæfis, ᵹenummen bið from him. c1127O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1127 Willelm hæfde æror numen ðes eorles dohter of Anᵹeow to wife. c1175Lamb. Hom. 29 Þu eart numen in þon ilke þonke. a1225Ancr. R. 42 Þeos psalmes beoð inumene efter þe uif lettres of vre lefdi nome. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2268 Wel faȝen he was of here come, for he was numen ðor to nome. a1300Cursor M. 5272 Wit il consail þan was i nummen. Ibid. 7059 In his time was troi nomyn. 1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxvi. (Nicholas) 918 Quhen þe Iou ham wes cumyne, & fand his gudis a-way nummyne. a1400–50Alexander 1094 (Dubl.), So sall þi name owt of nowmbre be nomyn in-to mynde. a1500Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) 401 Which prophesy done shall be, when I my realm have nomman. 1513Douglas æneis ii. xi. 101 Nor neuir abak..Blent I agane, nor perfite mynd has nummyn.
(β) 3 inume, ynume, 3–4 inome, ynome.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 71 We habben him swa wel inume, Þat þe saule mote to him cume. c1275Passion our Lord 206 in O.E. Misc. 43 So me doþ to þeoue þat schal beon ynume. a1300Floriz & Bl. 20 (Cambr. MS.), To þe hauene hi beoþ icume, And þer habbeþ here in inome. 1340Ayenb. 165 Huo þet heþ þane guode way ynome, hit be-houeþ [etc.]. c1386Chaucer Cook's T. 119 Whan that everich of hem a staf had i-nome. a1450Myrc 495 When body and soule to-geder schal come, And the gode to ioye be I-nome.
(γ) 4, 6 num; 4 nom, 4–5 nome, nomme.
a1300Cursor M. 12730 We sal to heuen com Quen we o þis werld es nom [Gött. num]. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10824 Whilk of þem were ouer-come, Or slayn, or wyþ force nome. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1777 Lucretia, Al allon hys way than hath he nome. c1386― Cook's T. 580 They ben swore to-gidere that we schul be nome. c1450Bk. Hawking in Rel. Ant. I. 296 In kyndely spech ye schull say that your hawke hath nome a foule, and not i-take. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1542 My heele, my tonge, bes fra me nome. c1470Henry Wallace i. 124 At Canemor syne king Fergus has it nome. 1566J. Partridge Hist. Pand. b iij b, Pandauola in her armes Her Alfyne hath up num.
†2. intr. To betake oneself, to go. Obs.
c1100K. ælfred's Boeth. xvi. §1 (Bodl.), Se is eower aᵹen, & þonan ᵹe noman [Cott. comon]. c1220Bestiary 93 in O.E. Misc. 4 Þus he neweð him ðis man, ðanne he nimeð to kirke. c1250Gen. & Ex. 744 In-to sichem..he nam And ðeðen he nam to mirie dale. c1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8164 Euery day to scole she nam [glossed ȝede]. a1325in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 144 Out of her siȝt oway he nam; Þai nist neuer whar he bicam. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 2400 The forster that with Sereyn came Rose erlie, and to hir chambre name.
3. trans. To steal, filch, pilfer.
1606Day Ile Gulls iii. i, As I led him to his Chamber I nimde his Chayne and drew his Purse. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. iii. 8/2 The thieuing knaue the purse he nimbly nims. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 598 They'll question Mars, and by his look Detect who 'twas that nimm'd a Cloke. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables (1694) 218 They..would still be nimming something or other for the very love of thieving. 1727Gay Begg. Op. ii. i, I expect the Gentleman about this snuff-box, that Filch nimm'd two nights ago in the Park. 1797Brydges Hom. Trav. II. 403 A fellow that would nim a smock From off a hedge if it was loose. 1835James Gipsy ii, Tiny Dick..had very near been caught in nimming it off the edge of the common. 1898Henley Lond. Types, Beef-eater, He shows that Crown the desperate Colonel nimmed.
transf.1651H. More Enthus. Tri. (1656) 81 Your quotation..is no new notion, but nimmed out of Philo.
†b. Const. with away or off. Obs.
1607Middleton Five Gallants i. i, You shall live at ease enough for nimming away jewels and favours from gentle⁓men. a1635Corbett Poems (1807) 28 Looking in their plate He nimmes away their coyne. 1669Nicker Nicked in Harl. Misc. (1744) II. 96 Some will nim off the Gold Buttons of your Cloke, or steal the Cloke itself.
4. intr. To steal, pilfer, thieve.
1622Massinger & Dekker Virg. Mart. ii. iii, Hir. Spungius, y'are a picke-pocket. Spun. Hircius, thou hast nimb'd—..not so much money is left as will buy a louse. 1638Mayne Lucian (1664) 35 His mother sayes he stayes not in heaven by night, but that he may be nimming, goes down to hell, and pilfers there to. a1763Byrom The Nimmers 27 Nim? yes, yes, yes, let's nim with all my heart.
▪ IV. nim(b
variants of neem. |