| 释义 |
▪ I. requiem, n.1|ˈrɛkwɪəm, ˈriːkwɪəm|
[L. requiem, acc. of requiēs ‘rest’, the first word of the Introit in the Mass for the Dead, ‘Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine’, etc.]
1. R. C. Ch. A special mass said or sung for the repose of the souls of the dead. Also Mass of Requiem (common in early use).
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2615 ‘Requiem’ ne shulde be note be sunge Ne seyde for hym, wyþ mannys tunge. a1380St. Bernard 1105 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 59/2 Whon seint Malachi ded was, Bernard for him song an heiȝ mas—Of Requiem i trowe hit were. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 72 The tone had ever right grete devocioun, Of requiem his masse to syng or say. 1470–85Malory Arthur xxi. viii. 853 An the morne al the preestys and clerkys..were there & sange masse of requyem. 1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 204 Sensyng of the altare when Masse of Requiem is songen. 1591Spenser Ruins of Time 196 Scarse anie left vpon his lips to laie The sacred sod, or Requiem to saie. 1668R. L'Estrange Vis. Quev. (1708) 26 The Apothecary's Mortar Rings the Passing-Bell, as the Priest's Requiem finishes the business. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 495 A use more truly pious, than any requiem, or mass for his soul. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho viii, She heard, at a distance, the monks chanting the requiem for his soul. 1805Scott Last Minstr. v. xxx, Behind, four priests, in sable stole, Sung requiem for the warrior's soul. 1884Cath. Dict. (1897) 612/2 There are special rules on the relations of Office and Conventual Mass, Mass of Requiem, etc., in the rubrics of the Missal.
attrib.a1529Skelton P. Sparowe 401 He shall be the preest The requiem masse to synge. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Suffolk xvi, The Queene did moue me..To helpe to bring him to his Requiem Masse. 1861Times 21 Aug., A solemn requiem mass was celebrated..at the Catholic Chapel. 1882Rossetti Ballads & Sonn. 154 The slain king's corpse on bier was laid With chaunt and requiem-knell.
b. A musical setting of a mass for the dead.
1789Burney Hist. Mus. IV. 563, I am in possession of a Te Deum, and a Requiem, of his composition. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc. s.v., The requiems composed by Mozart, Jomelli, and Cherubini are well known. 1845E. Holmes Mozart 345 Mozart began to speak of death, and said that he was writing this ‘Requiem’ for himself.
2. Any dirge or solemn chant for the repose of the dead. (Chiefly poet.)
1611Beaum. & Fl. Philaster v. i, I'll provide A masque shall make your Hymen..sing sad Requiems to your departing Souls. 1633Cowley Elegy on Mr. R. Clarke, Him to Elysium's lasting Ioyes they bring, Where winged Angels his sad Requiems sing. a1700Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 39 That they with Joy might their own Requiem sing, And close their Eyes. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian iii, That solemn and peculiar kind of recitative which is in some parts of Italy the requiem of the dying. 1830Scott Demonol. x. 386 Three ladies were seen, who sung a solemn requiem. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. II. xl. 492 The requiem [had been] chanted by the women in mournful strains over their bones.
b. transf. of birds, the sea, etc.
1640Habington Castara iii. (Arb.) 142 Spring..Whose fether'd Musicke onely bring Caresses, and no Requiem sing On the departed yeare. 1788Burns To Miss C[ruikshank] 18 While all around the woodland rings, And ev'ry bird thy requiem sings. 1809Campbell Gertr. Wyom. iii. xxvi, And for the business of destruction done Its requiem the war-horn seem'd to blow. 1869C. Gibbon R. Gray v, The sea was murmuring a doleful requiem over the mischief of the previous night.
†3. An invitation to rest or repose. Obs.
1607Hieron Wks. I. 432 We dwell carelesse, quiet and sure in our owne opinion. Euery man sings a requiem to his own heart. 1668Bp. Hopkins Serm. Vanity (1685) 70 It was but small comfort, when the rich man sung his Requiem, Soul take thine ease, thou hast goods laid up for many years. 1684Charnock Wks. (1865) IV. 488 Our deceitful heart may sing a requiem to us while we are fools.
4. Rest, repose, peace, quiet.
1616Bullokar Eng. Exp., Requiem, Rest: ceasing from labour. 1638G. Sandys Paraphr. Job iii, Else had I an eternall Requiem kept, And in the armes of Peace for ever slept. 1665Glanvill Def. Vanity Dogm. 50 Though the first of their respective solutions is pleasant and encouraging, and seems to promise my mind a requiem. 1790G. Walker Serm. II. xxii. 140 In his presence alone is to be found the requiem of their troubled souls. 1816Byron Death Sheridan 67 Repose denies her requiem to his name, And Folly loves the martyrdom of Fame.
Hence ˈrequiem v. intr., to quieten down.
1838Eliza Cook Song of Mariners iv, We know each blustering gale that blows May requiem to a last repose.
▪ II. † requiem, n.2 Obs.
Also 8 requien.
[= F. requiem (1690), requien (1578), but usually requin (1539), Pg. requeime, prob. a native name assimilated to prec.]
The white shark.
1666J. Davies Hist. Caribby Isles 102 The Requiem otherwise called the Shark-fish is a kind of Sea-dog or Sea-wolf. Ibid. 103 The French and Portuguez commonly call it Requiem, that is to say Rest, haply, because he is wont to appear in fair weather. 1696tr. Duquesne's Voy. E. Indies, Canary Isl. 61 The Requiem, the Monster of the Sea, that's shap'd like a Sea-Dog, is in length from three or four Foot to eight. 1705tr. Bosman's Guinea 281 Hayes or Requiens, by some (though utterly wrong) named Sea-Dogs,..are very thick as well as very long, some of them betwixt twenty and thirty foot. |