| 释义 |
▪ I. repulse, n.|rɪˈpʌls|
[ad. L. repulsus or repulsa, f. repuls-, ppl. stem of repellĕre to repel. Cf. obs. F. repulse, -poulse (Godef.).]
1. The act of repelling an assailant or hostile force; the fact of being driven back in an engagement or assault.
c1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 190 Thei pursewed the repulse and committed great slaughter. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 25/1 If the enimies were put to the repulse, they would easilie escape the danger with swiftnesse of foot. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 25 He notwithstanding the former repulse, the next yeare..laid hard siege again to Ptolemais. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 600 What should they do? if on they rusht, repulse Repeated. 1821Shelley Hellas 988 Repulse, with plumes from conquest torn, Led the ten thousand..Through many an hostile Anarchy. 1879H. Phillips Addit. Notes Coins 3 A grand silver medal commemorates the repulse of the Turks before the City of Zenta.
†b. An act or mode of repelling an injury. Obs.
1590Segar (title) The Booke of Honor and Armes, wherein is discoursed the causes of Quarrell, and the nature of Iniuries, with their repulses. Ibid. i. 14 Hee vnto whom the Lie is giuen for a repulse of iniurie ought to be the Challenger.
2. Refusal (of a request, suit, etc.); denial, rejection, rebuff.
1533Bellenden Livy ii. vi. (S.T.S.) I. 152 Þocht þe said porsena desirit þe tarquinis to be restorit, he knewe na thing bettir þan repulss of sic desiris. 1592Nashe Four Lett. Confut. 43 Many followers, whose dutifull seruices must not bee disgrac'd with a bitter repulse in anie suite. 1601F. Godwin Bps. of Eng. 5 He gaue not ouer with one repulse, but..procured a second conference. 1654Bramhall Just Vind. vii. (1661) 165 This was the second repulse, yet the Popes were not so easily shaken off. 1712Addison Spect. No. 457 ⁋3 Applications for Places, with their respective Successes or Repulses. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. v. Wks. 1813 I. 376 Upon this repulse, Mary's commissioners withdrew. 1782F. Burney Cecilia ix. v, The rigour of your repulse alarmed me. 1853C. Brontë Villette xxxvii, I went on, gaining courage on finding that I met attention rather than repulse.
†b. In phrases to take or have (the) repulse, to give (one) the repulse. Obs.
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 431 Pavlvs Aemilivs making sute for his second Consulship, was rejected and tooke repulse. 1611Coryat Crudities 31, I went to the Dominican Monastery, and made suit to see it, but I had the repulse. 1644Bulwer Chirol. 54 Shaking his head, [he] gave him the repulse. 1692R. L'Estrange Josephus, Antiq. iv. viii. (1733) 96 Her Husband's Brother had given her the Repulse.
3. The act of forcing or driving back; the fact of being forced back. Now rare or Obs.
1578Banister Hist. Man i. 24 By their meanes, eche sodaine..stroake of the brest hath an easie repulse, in their yelding from it. 1615W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 28 That saues a second wound, and a second repulse of sap. 1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II. s.v., It is one of the laws of Nature..that Repulse or Reaction is always equal to Impulse or Action. 1776G. Semple Building in Water 145 And, in the Repulse, think what a most powerful Suction that Repulse will create.
†b. A check in growth. Obs. rare—1.
1657Austen Fruit Trees i. 87 Stocks removed have so great a wound and repulse by removing only, that they cannot well beare another so soone after.
Hence reˈpulseless a., ‘that cannot be repelled’ (Webster 1847).
▪ II. repulse, v.|rɪˈpʌls|
[f. L. repuls-, ppl. stem of repellĕre to repel; cf. also obs. F. repulser (mod. repousser), ad. L. repulsāre.]
1. trans. To drive or beat back (an assailant); to repel by force of arms.
1533Bellenden Livy ii. vi. (S.T.S.) I. 147 Porsena, repulsit of his first assalt, set him be prudent counsell to sege þe ciete. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII 34 b, The Easterlynges had muche a do to withstande and repulse them oute of their gates. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 192 If wee had beene repulsed with any blow giuen vs,..all the Irish..would haue turned their swords against vs. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 620 Thy faithful Dogs..who, for the Folds Relief,..Repulse the prouling Wolf. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. l. V. 244 His valour withstood and repulsed the superior numbers of the Christians. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 623 Even then he was more than once repulsed before the city fell into his hands. 1865Reader 4 Mar. 246/1 These sorties..were made with vigour, and not repulsed quite so easily as he would have us believe.
absol.1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. ix. B iv, To come hand to hand for to repulse or shoue forth with sperys. 1585James in Motley Netherl. v. (1860) I. 223 The enemy pursued very hotly; the Englishmen stood to repulse, and are put most to the sword.
†b. To repel or ward off (an injury). Obs.
1590Segar Book of Honor i. 4 Whosoeuer being offered iniurious speach, shall say to the offerer therof Thou liest,..doth therby repulse the iniurie, and force the Iniurer to challenge. 1606L. Bryskett Civ. Life 82 It is lawfull for a man to repulse an iniury, and to defend himselfe.
†c. To force back (a thing). Obs. rare.
1601Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) III. 738 Hotte and dry exhalations..being repulsed backe by the beames of the stars into the cloudes. 1664Power Exp. Philos. iii. 157 Being repulsed by the ambient Ayr, they recoyl again, and return in a Vortical Motion.
2. To repel with denial; to reject, refuse, rebuff. † Also const. from.
1533Bellenden Livy ii. xiv. (S.T.S.) I. 182 Becaus his petitiouns war repulsit afore þe senate, he said in þis wise. 1577Patericke tr. Gentillet (1602) 165 These embassadours seeing themselves repulsed from their demaund, returned to Capua. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 146 He repulsed, A short Tale to make, Fell into a Sadnesse. 1667Milton P.L. x. 910 Eve Not so repulst..at his feet Fell humble. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxxi, Mr. Thornhill..was going to embrace his uncle, which the other repulsed with an air of disdain. 1859Tennyson Geraint & Enid 834 Being repulsed By Yniol and yourself, I schemed and wrought Until I overturn'd him. 1894J. T. Fowler Adamnan Introd. 26 They were repulsed with laughter.
†b. Const. with inf. Obs. rare—1.
1590Segar Book of Honor iv. 57 A Gentleman that is knowne a Spie for the Enemie..may be repulsed to fight with euerie other Gentlemen of good fame and reputation.
†c. To rebuke, reprove. Obs. rare—1.
1746in W. Thompson R.N. Advoc. (1757) 24 The O―s of the Flesh Branch..frequently repulsed their Men for refusing to..salt what was not fit for Service.
†3. To shut out, exclude from something. Obs.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xviii. 76 Lorde..how often shal I pardon my brother..and after what numbre of faultes shall he be repulsed from pardone? 1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. 26 Then the children only..are repulsed from the inheritance, and then it goeth to them of the kinred which are nearer in degree.
4. To affect with repulsion. rare—1.
1845Lundie Missionary Life in Samoa ix. 52 Many things [in Australia] shocked and repulsed his feelings.
Hence reˈpulsed ppl. a., repelled, † conveying a repulse; reˈpulser, one who repels; † a repelling medicine. Also reˈpulsing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1490Caxton Eneydos xxvii. 102 The ryuages & portes..be to them repulsyng, contrare & rebel, euer more. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 93 The governour..was nocht content heirof and gaif nothing againe bot ane repullsit ansuer. [Also Ibid. 146.] 1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 4 b, To the repulsing either of horsemen or footemen. 1611Cotgr., Repoulseur, a repulser, a repeller. 1632tr. Bruel's Praxis Med. 113 In the increase [of the disease] repulsers must be aboue resoluers. 1711in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 163 By this repulseing of the enemy to his own side of the river. 1889Pall Mall G. 4 Jan. 3/3 In the repulsed attack the Guards lost about that proportion in a very few minutes. |