| 释义 |
▪ I. † ne, n. Obs. rare—1.
[ad. OF. *nie, acc. of nies:—L. nepos: see nephew.]
A nephew.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 273 His successour and ne was Octauianus Augustus.
▪ II. † ne, v. Sc. Obs. rare—1.
[ad. OF. neer, var. of neier, nier: see deny v.]
To deny.
c1400Sc. Trojan War (Horstm.) i. 578 It syt no cristyne mane [to] Ne, gode of myght baith may & kane [etc.].
▪ III. ne, adv. and conj.1 Now only arch.|niː|
Also 1 ni, 4–5 ny.
[OE. ne, ni = OFris. and OS. ne, ni (MDu. ne), OHG. ni (ne), ON. né (for ne), Goth. ni = Lith. nè, OSl. ne-, L. ne- (in nefās, nequeo, etc.), Skr. na, related by ablaut to Goth. nē, Lat. nē, Gr. νη-, Skr. nā.]
A. adv. = not.
1. As simple negative.
c725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) N 199 Numquid, ne huru is. c825Vesp. Psalter iii. 7 Ne ondredu ic ðusend folces ymsellendes me. a900Leiden Riddle 3 in O.E. Texts 150 Ni uuat ic mec biuorth[n]æ wullan fliusum. 971Blickl. Hom. 7 Ne ondræd þu þe, Maria. c1000ælfric Gen. iii. 1 Hwi forbead god eow, þæt, ᵹe ne æton of ælcum treowe. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1086 Hwam ne mæᵹ earmian swylcere tide? a1225Leg. Kath. 1390 Hwi ne hihe we for to beon i-fulhet. a1250Owl & Night. 47 West thu that ich ne cunne singe..? c1320Sir Tristr. 1749 Þan doute we for no þing Þat we ne may han our wille. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxx. (Theodora) 73 He trawalyt sa Þat he ne mycht rest nycht na day. a1450Knt. de la Tour 39 The lady..asked whi he ne wolde with her speke. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 39, I ne entende but onely to reduce thauncient ryme in to prose. 1559Mirr. Mag., Cambridge iii, He ne had, nor could encrease his line. a1592Greene Looking-gl. Wks. (Rtldg.) 144/2 Twenty thousand infants that ne wot The right hand from the left. 1812Byron Ch. Har. i. ii, A youth Who ne in virtue's ways did take delight.
†b. In the conditional clauses ne were, ne had..been, were it not, had it not been (for). Also with omission of verb. Obs.
c1050O.E. Chron. (MS. D.) an. 943 He hy ᵹewyldan meahte, nære þæt hi on niht ut ne æt burston of þære byriᵹ. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 2005 Ne wer is douȝter Iosiane, Sertes, ich wolde ben is bane! 1375Barbour Bruce ii. 424 He.. haid till erd gane fullyly, Ne war he hynt him by his sted. c1482in Cal. Proc. Chanc. Q. Eliz. (1830) II. Pref. 64 The same Thomas..was in grete juperdie of life, ne only the grace of God. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. ccxii. 228 Alfrede shulde haue holpen me, ne hadde erle Goodwyn ben. 1513Douglas æneis xi. xvii. 97 Ne war, as than, the rosy Phebus red Hys wery stedis had dowkyt our the hed.
†c. ne-for-thi, nevertheless. Obs. rare.
a1300Cursor M. 11621 Maria and ioseph ne for-þi For the child war ful dreri. 13..Ibid. 7628 (Gött.), Bot saule he dred him ne for-þi.
†2.
a. With another negative following. Obs.
Also occas. doubled, esp. when combined with the verb.
971Blickl. Hom. 13 Ne herede heo hine no mid wordum anum, ac mid ealre heortan. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 43 Ic wæs cuma and ᵹe me ne in ne ᵹelaðodun. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1137 Þe erthe ne bar nan corn. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 21 He ne hadde him selue nane. c1275Passion our Lord 17 in O.E. Misc. 37 Ne þerfþ þer non adrede. c1380Wycliff Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 306 Lo, ne ben not al þes þat speken of þe cuntre of Galile? 1411Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/2 He knoweth wel that..he ne hath noght born hym as he sholde hav doon. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 95 Ne doubte ye not for I shal rendre you anone al hole.
†b. With another negative preceding. Obs.
971Blickl. Hom. 21 Þæt leoht on nanre tide ne ablinneþ. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1140 Hi nan helpe ne hæfden of þe kinge. a1250Owl & Night. 905 Þu neauer ne singst in Irlonde. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4493 Vor þer nas vnneþe non Prynce in al þe world, þat ne moste be þere. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 2 Ye wote well that no man ne may well shewe the worthynes..therof. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. xxii. 20 It was not long after that brenne ne come ageyne with a grete nauye.
†3.
a. As n- in combination with a verb. Obs.
Even in OE. ne was reduced to n- before certain common words, as in ná, nán, nǽfre, nǽniᵹ and the verbal forms nabban, neom, nys, næs, nyllan, nytan, etc. In ME. various parts of the verbs be, have, will, and wit occur frequently with this prefixed n- (for illustrations see nabbe, nad, nave; nam, nas, nis; nill, note, etc.), and the same phenomenon is not unusual with other verbs.
c1200Moral Ode 102 (Trin. Coll. MS.), Þeih we hes ne niseien hie waren ure iferen. c1275Passion our Lord 611 in O.E. Misc. 54 Yet heo hit nyleuede þe more ne þe lesse. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 6576 Þeym nauaillede mast ne roþer. 1390Gower Conf. II. 40 That time schal noght overpasse, That I naproche hir ladihede. c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 5553 They nentende nyght nor day But vnto merthe. 1425Rolls of Parlt. IV. 267/2 My Lord Mareschall naleyeth no possession nor continuance hadde.
†b. Suffixed (as -n) to the preceding word. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 17223 Quin suld i, iesu, do þi will? 13..Ibid. 1108 (Gött.), His dede..had euer ben hid, warn iesu him-self had it kid. 13..Ibid. 23362 (Edinb.), Þain sal wit naþing of site. c1375Ibid. 6130 (Fairf.), Was na hous..attyn þer was dedemon in liggande.
B. conj.
1. = nor.
a. Following a negative clause, or a word with negative force. ne..ne (sometimes) = neither..nor. Now only arch.
In ME. occas. prefixed to the following word, as in A. 3 a.
c825Vesp. Psalter v. 6 Ne eardað neh ðe awerᵹed ne ðorhwuniað ða unrehtwisan [etc.]. a900Leiden Riddle 5 in O.E. Texts 151 Uundnae me ni biað ueflæ, ni ic uarp hefæ. 971Blickl. Hom. 25 Nis þær æniᵹ sar gemeted, ne adl, ne ece. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1137, I ne can ne i ne mai tellen alle þe wunder ne alle þe pines. c1205Lay. 10260 Ne bi-læfde he..suster ne broðer Ne quene ne næh cun. c1275Passion our Lord 3 in O.E. Misc. 37 Nis hit nouht of karlemeyne ne of þe Duzeper. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 9906 Þey nadde neyþer drede naffray. c1380Wycliff Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 41 Neiþir in noumbre ne in cloþing, ne in mete ne in housynge. 1426Audelay Poems 1 Thai schuld never be schamyd ne chent, ne lost here lyfe, ne lond, ne rent. c1500Melusine 28 He ne wyst where he was, ne whither he went. 1537Cranmer Let. in Misc. Writ. (Parker Soc.) II. 336 He cannot in that diocese be accepted ne allowed. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 666 They ne could ne would help the afflicted. 1600Holland Livy xlv. xxxv. 1225 No doubt was made at all of the triumph of Anicius, ne yet of Octavius. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1683) 257 They could not, ne did say that they had. 1742Shenstone Schoolmistr. (ed. 1) viii, Ne did she e'er complain, ne deem it rough. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. iii. iii, Ne could we laugh, ne wail.
†b. Used with a negative following. Obs.
1154[see above]. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 488 Arcite is exiled.., Ne nevere mo he schal his lady see. c1420Chron. Vilod. 1723 He myȝt not challange þat heritage, Ny nomore ryȝt hadde þerto. 1452Anc. Cal. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 275 Ne they shulde not go in to the contre to byge corne.
†c. With omission of preceding negative (sometimes expressed in what follows). Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 4146 For man þat liuand es, ne wijf, Ne sal he scappus wit þe lijf. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14995 Swilk men..þat dide ne seide to noman ille. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 767 Love ne lordschipe Wol not, his thonkes, have no felaschipe. 1435Misyn Fire of Love 1 The whilk boke in sentence ne substance I þink to chaunge. 1484in Surtees Misc. (1890) 42 Thay ne noon of theim were nevere privey to ye sealing. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 21 They would receive ne take not a scholare without a great fee. 1618Kalender of Sheph. xxxv, Thus orison riseth ne resconceth. Meridian also riseth not ne resconseth.
†d. = Nor, and.. not, neither. Obs. rare.
1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iv. 56 That doest all thinges deface, ne lettest see The beautie of his worke. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. ii. 76 These boates are so many that it seemeth wonderfull, ne serue they for other then to take small fish.
†2. = or. Obs. rare.
c1500Melusine 144 The moost strong and fell folke that euer I sawe ne herde speke of. 1548Cranmer in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. App. AA. 97 There be but few matters more necessary ne more expedyent for kynges..to loke upon.
▪ IV. † ne, conj.2
variant of na conj.2 than. Obs.
c1400Sc. Trojan War (Horstm.) i. 399 That nane was wisser vndre the hewene Ne Medea ine hyr dais. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 377 Ȝing lusty gallandis, that I held more in daynte,..Ne him that dressit me so dink.
▪ V. ne
obs. f. neigh, nigh. |