| 释义 |
▪ I. native, n.|ˈneɪtɪv|
Forms: 5 natif, 6 natyve, 6– native.
[ad. med.L. nativus, n. use of L. nātīvus adj. (see next). In later use sometimes directly from the adj. Cf. F. natif.]
1. One born in bondage; a born thrall. Now only Hist. Cf. neif.
c1450Godstow Reg. (E.E.T.S.) 559 The forsaid bondmen or natifs with all ther catallis sutis or sequelys. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 90 b, Some are born bond-men, or natiues of their gudsher, and grandsher, quhom the Lord may challenge to be his naturall natiues. 1651G. W. tr. Cowel's Inst. 8 At this day, the Issue which is begotten by a Free man of a Native, is free. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v. Nativus, There being three sorts of Servants, viz. Natives, Bondmen, and Villains. 1878Stubbs Const. Hist. (1896) III. 625 It is obvious that..the native so emancipated laboured under other disqualifications.
2. Astrol.
a. One born under the particular planet or sign mentioned; the subject of a nativity or horoscope.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. x. (Percy Soc.) 34 Mercury, through his preeminence, Hys natives endeth wyth famous eloquence. 1632Massinger City Madam ii. ii, Saturn..and Venus.., the disposers of marriage in the radix of the native in feminine figures. 1679Moxon Math. Dict. 95 Nebulous Stars..are found by Experience, being joyn'd with the Luminaries to afflict a Native with blindness or dimness. 1792E. Sibly Occult Sci. I. 96 When the moon, or lord of the ascendant, is posited..in any of the Signs we term hot, the native will be manly. 1815Scott Guy M. iv, Mars having dignity in the cusp of the twelfth house, threatened captivity or sudden and violent death to the native.
†b. transf. One born with a particular mark.
1653R. Sanders Physiogn., Moles 31 A Mole in the lower part of the right Cheek..indicts to the native some kindes of strife.
3. a. One born in a place; one connected with a place by birth, whether subsequently resident there or not. Usu. const. of.
Legally, a person is a native of the place or country where the parents have their domicile, which may or may not be the place of actual birth (N.E.D., 1906).
1535Coverdale Isa. xxiii. 7 Is not that the glorious cite,..whose natyues dwellinge farre of, commende her so greatly? 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 212 The Army..was encountred and almost distressed by the onely Natives of that Countrie. 1675Essex Papers (Camden) I. 315 Great disputes are likely to arise betweene ye present Inhabitants & auntient Natives of severall of y⊇ Corporacions. a1700Dryden Death of Amyntas 77 His passport is his innocence and grace, Well known to all the natives of the place. 1716Pope Iliad vi. 70 Well hast thou known proud Troy's perfidious land, And well her natives merit at thy hand! 1756–7Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 406 T. Livy, a native of Padua. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 218 Those manners, which even a native of Canada can think more barbarous than his own. 1825Lytton Zicci i. i, He speaks English like a native. 1841Borrow Zincali I. ii. i. 58 If being born in a country, and being bred there, constitute a right to be considered a native of that country.
fig.1700Rowe Amb. Step-Moth. v. i, Let Joy the Native of your Soul return. 1703― Fair Penit. iii. i, That Sorrow which..Is the sad Native of Calista's Breast. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 58 And sport we like the natives of the bough, When vernal suns inspire?
b. Applied disparagingly to local residents belonging to a place.
1800E. Hervey Mourtray Fam. I. 173 The girl..was..really much superior to the rest of the odious natives in their neighbourhood. 1818London Guide & Stranger's Safeguard 6 The practices of ‘shouldering’ passengers, on their own account—doing the natives out of articles of life, which they bring to town to dispose of—..bring them [sc. coachmen] to ‘take care of things’, for which there is no immediate owner. 1823‘J. Bee’ Slang 124 Natives, silly people generally; the untravelled population of any town, wrapt up in incipient simplicity are natives. 1975D. Delman One Man's Murder ii. 46 The house, Odum Harborage, corrupted to Odum Garborage by irreverent natives, was a notable mishmash even for Long Island.
c. In Australia, a white person born in the country, as distinguished from an immigrant and from an Aboriginal.
Sense 4 also is current in Australia (of the Aborigines).
1861L. A. Meredith Over Straits v. 161 Three Sydney natives (‘currency’ not aboriginal) were in the coach, bound for Melbourne. 1863R. Henning Let. 21 Sept. (1966) 141 They were natives, and a little colonial, as might be expected. They had just left school in Melbourne. 1886[see Australiana]. 1895A. B. Paterson Man from Snowy River (1896) 43 They were long and wiry natives from the rugged mountain side. 1966G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. Austral. & N.Z. iii. 62 Early writers called them natives or Indians, but Indians fell entirely from use, and the word natives was required by Europeans born in Australia, who formed an Australian Natives' Association in 1871.
4. a. One of the original or usual inhabitants of a country, as distinguished from strangers or foreigners; now esp. one belonging to a non-European race in a country in which Europeans hold political power.
1603R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 153 He committed no lesse an error in suffering the Natiues to keepe their possessions and to inhabit all their townes. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iv. (1673) 94 Inhabited by the Natives only, though the Portugals did sometimes endeavour a Plantation in it. 1695Temple Hist. Eng. (1699) 5 The North-East part of Scotland was by the Natives called Cal Dun. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 2 The stories of their engagements when they have had any scuffle either with natives or European enemies. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. ii. (1778) I. 98 Columbus..continued to interrogate all the natives. 1817O'Hara Hist. N.S. Wales 123 Some convicts, who destroyed the canoe of a young native. 1896F. C. Selous Sunshine & Storm Rhodesia i. 5 No one could have recognised..in the quiet, submissive native..the arrogant savage of old times. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 74 Her knowledge of the native, his language, his ways of thought, his diseases,..is extraordinary. 1921G. Page Jill on Ranch viii. 184 The native is a strange child, and he needs sympathetic dealing... Make a boy laugh and you can do anything with him. 1924E. M. Forster Passage to India ii. ii. 33 Whether the native swaggers or cringes, there's always something behind every remark he makes. 1931E. O'Neill Mourning becomes Electra iii. ii. 238 The natives dancing naked and innocent without knowledge of sin. 1934G. B. Shaw On Rocks ii. 72 Sir Bemrose: If a Conservative Prime Minister of England may not take down a heathen native when he forgets himself there is an end of British supremacy. Sir Arthur: For Heaven's sake don't call him a native. You are a native. Sir Bemrose (very solemnly): Of Kent, Arthur: of Kent. Not of Ceylon. 1944Living off Land ii. 43 The corkwood..blossoms are nourishing. The natives chew these.{ddd}but..it should be left well alone by the white man. 1948Times Lit. Suppl. 9 Oct. 569/3 ‘Native’ is a good word that may not now be employed without giving deep offence. 1950M. Chappell Rhodesian Adventure xiii. 143 There was nothing here when the pioneers came. Save bushveld and natives and wild animals. 1950J. C. Furnas Anat. Paradise ii. 24 The meaning of ‘Native’ can be approximated. It means: Darker. Productive of quaint handicrafts... Greedy for beads..and alcoholic drinks. Suspect of cannibalism. Addicted to drumbeating and lewd dancing. More or less naked. Sporadically treacherous. Probably polygynous and simultaneously promiscuous. Picturesque. Comic when trying to speak English or otherwise ape white ways. 1950D. Lessing Grass is Singing viii. 178 When a white man in Africa by accident looks into the eyes of a native and sees the human being (which it is his chief preoccupation to avoid), his sense of guilt, which he denies, fumes up in resentment and he brings down the whip. 1951J. Masters Nightrunners Bengal i. 9 We of the Company's service live here all our working lives. We do our work and enjoy ourselves and lord it over the country entirely by the good will of the average native... If you even think of them insultingly, of course they know it and resent it. 1975C. Allen Plain Tales from Raj xix. 195 The regimental cook slaughtered a cow... The natives got to know about this and nearly stoned the camp.
b. A coloured person; a Black.
1848Dickens Dombey x, The Major..went one Saturday growling down to Brighton, with the native behind him.
c. In U.S. and Canada, a North American Indian.
1636Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1850) I. 1 None..shall trade w[i]th the natives or Indians any peece or pistoll or gunn. a1772J. Woolman Jrnl. in Works (1774) i. viii. 153 My meditations were on the alterations in the circumstances of the natives..since the coming in of the English. 1846R. B. Sage Scenes Rocky Mts. xxxiii. 287 Skins furnish to the natives a favorite material for arrow-cases. 1856R. M. Ballantyne Snowflakes & Sunbeams vii. 72 This is the trading-store. It is always recognisable, if natives are in the neighbourhood, by the bevy of red men that cluster round it, awaiting the coming of the store-keeper. 1951R. Buliard Inuk 316 The company nowadays certainly does give help to the natives, in the forms of loans, gifts, and medicine.
d. In phr. to astonish the natives (orig. U.S.), to shock, or otherwise profoundly impress, public opinion.
1807Salmagundi 27 June 233 He was determined to ‘astonish the natives a few’. Ibid. 238 Unfortunate Straddle! may thy fate be a warning to all young gentlemen who come out from Birmingham to astonish the natives! 1842Ainsworth's Mag. I. 302 At last, having astonished the natives,..he rolled off to bed. 1852Mundy Antipodes (1857) 104 The brutal drunkenness and reckless debauchery of the Pakehas actually ‘astonished the natives’. 1901M. E. Ryan That Girl Montana 96 Much of her afternoon was spent..fashioning a party gown with which to astonish the natives.
e. to go native: see go v. 44 a.
5. a. An animal or plant († or mineral) indigenous, or peculiar to a country or locality; one not imported or acclimatized.
1690Child Disc. Trade Pref. (1698) 29 Our lead and tin, by which we carry on much of those trades, are natives with us. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 38 The marmout is chiefly a native of the Alps. 1799Med. Jrnl. II. 490 To such species as are doubtful natives, a note of interrogation is affixed. 1849Balfour Man. Bot. §921 The plants are principally natives of marshy places in New Holland. 1874Lyell Elem. Geol. x. 124 The pine has never been a ‘native’ of Denmark in historical times.
b. An oyster altogether or partially reared in British waters; now spec. applied to those (whether of home or foreign origin) reared in artificial beds, or loosely used to denote an oyster of a superior quality. Also attrib.
1818W. Kitchiner Cook's Oracle (ed. 2) 259 The Milton, or as they are commonly called, the melting Natives do not come in till the beginning of October. 1836–7Dickens Sk. Boz, Mr. J. Dounce, A newly-opened oyster-shop,..with natives laid one deep in circular marble basins in the windows. 1854Woodward Mollusca ii. 254 The oysters..are..removed to artificial grounds, or tanks, where the water is very shallow. They are then called ‘natives’. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 154 In the London market oysters are divided into two great classes—‘natives’ and ‘commons’. 1889A. T. Park Eyes Thames 56 The native beds, not so many years ago, could be had almost for the asking. 1891Pall Mall G. 6 Oct. 2/1 Such a thing as putting seconds on native shells is not entirely unknown.
c. A native cow, horse, etc.
1856Olmsted Slave States (1861) 6 A few imported Ayrshires and Alderneys, and some small black ‘natives’. 1895A. B. Paterson Man fr. Snowy River (1896) 43 [The horses] were long and wiry natives from the rugged mountain side.
†6. pl. Fellow-countrymen, compatriots. Obs.
1589Warner Alb. Eng. vi. xxxiii, Henrie..did arriue to right his Natiues wrong. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 90 After short acquaintance with his natiues,..he imparted these words. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. xiii. §33 The King (distrusting his Natives) imployed so many French Forrainers in places of power and profit.
7. Native place (or country). Now only dial.
1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Natiue, Naturall: place where one was borne. 1615Chapman Odyss. ix. 66 Though roofs far richer we far off possess, Yet, from our native, all our more is less. 1820A. Opie Tales of Heart IV. 328 He asked me some questions about Keswick.., for that's my native, sir. 1828Moir Mansie Wauch vi, Wearying..to be home again to Lauder, which she said was her native. 1900Cornh. Mag. June 815 When he come back to his native at Yarmouth he knew no one.
8. ellipt.
a. = Native liquor, native language.
1828Southey Ess. (1832) II. 336 Not as much money left as would..get him a drop of the native at Killala. 1893Stevenson Island Nights' Entertainm. 70 He turned and spoke to his crew in the native.
b. (See quot.)
1880Rep. Comm. Fishing N.S. Wales 11 At a still greater age the Schnapper..becomes what is known as the ‘Native’ and ‘Rock Native’, a solitary and sometimes enormously large fish.
9. Comb., as native-built, native-fashion, native-owned.
1837Lett. fr. Madras (1843) 132 He sent us, besides, all his own messes, native-fashion. 1863M. L. Whately Ragged Life Egypt xiv. 135 The chinks, so numerous in a native-built house. 1895F. A. Swettenham Malay Sk. 262 No native-owned boat in the country was white.
▪ II. native, a.|ˈneɪtɪv|
Forms: 4, 6 natyf, 5 Sc. natyff, 5–6 natyfe, 5 natif, 5–6 natife, 5 Sc., 6 natiff; 6 natyve, 5– native.
[a. F. natif (14th c.; OF. also naif: see naïve a.), or ad. L. nātīvus produced by birth, innate, natural, f. nāt-, ppl. stem of nascī to be born + -īvus -ive.]
I.
1. a. Belonging to, or connected with, a person or thing by nature or natural constitution, in contrast to what is acquired or superadded; esp. of qualities which are inherent or innate in the person or thing.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 102 So angelik was her natyf beute, That lyke thing immortal seemyd she. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. (1895) 20 Not doubting that you, for your natiue goodnes and gentelnes, will accept in good parte this poore gift. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 144 b, The Scriptures..expressing our natures in their most lively and native colours. 1592J. Davies Immort. Soul i. ii, A Star, whose Beams do not proceed From any Sun, but from a Native Light. 1613Heywood Braz. Age ii. ii, How can I hate,..Or practise ought against my native power? 1660Stanley Hist. Philos. xi. (1701) 462/2 [Atoms] having neither native whiteness, nor blackness,..nor heat, nor cold, nor any other quality. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 91 When Puss, wrapt warm in his own native Furs, Dreamt soundly. 1709Roscommon Ess. Verse 194 No cloudy Doubts obscure her Native Light. 1758S. Hayward Serm. xvii. 538 How wonderful that the stones break not their native silence. 1782Cowper Poet, Oyster, & Sensit. Plant 6 Ah, hapless wretch! condemned to dwell For ever in my native shell. 1817J. Scott Paris Revisit. (ed. 4) 375 Study may be either the sign or the substitute of native feeling. 1854Brewster More Worlds x. 166 Every single star, shining by its own native light. 1875Whitney Life Lang. ii. 10 A mere native impulse to the exertion of all his native powers.
b. Natural to a person or thing.
1533Bellenden Livy iii. vi. (S.T.S.) I. 268 It was native to him..to persew þe pepill with all humanite & kyndenes he mycht. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 218 Base men being in Loue, haue then a Nobilitie in their Natures, more then is natiue to them. 1834Disraeli Rev. Epick i. xlii. 16 To the rose Its fragrance not more native than to states A class thus rising. 1879M. Arnold Mixed Ess., Irish Cathol. 116 If there is a thing specially native to religion, it is peace and union.
c. Natural, according to nature; naturally resulting. Now rare.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xli. (Percy Soc.) 204, I must nedes dye, it is my native kinde. 1543Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 121, I gyue and bequeathe to my brother..fowre poundes by yeare..during his life natiue. a1653Binning Serm. (1845) 144 O How would it be a pleasant and native thing to walk in his way, as a stone goeth downward. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. Proem 5 We shal content our selves with this curt, yet apparently more native and distinct distribution of Beings. 1723Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 9 It were hard to say this is a native consequence of any particular set of men's way. 1867D. Duncan Discourses 292 To leave us to the native consequences of our folly and impiety.
†d. native notes, birth-marks. Obs. rare—1.
1658Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus Wks. (Bohn) II. 536 That Augustus had native notes on his body..after the order and number in the stars of Charles wain.
2. a. Left or remaining in a natural state; esp. free from, or untouched by, art; unadorned, simple, plain, unaffected.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 426 The doctrine..is the very natiue and auncient Religion. 1587Golding De Mornay xxxiv. (1592) 541 If we haue an eie to the stile, it is natiue, simple, plaine. 1632Milton L'Allegro 134 If..sweetest Shakespear..Warble in his native Wood-notes wilde. 1660Dryden Ep. Sir R. Howard 5 In your verse a native sweetness dwells, Which shames composure, and its art excels. 1710Steele Tatler No. 212 ⁋4 She has the greatest Simplicity of Manners of any of her Sex. This makes every Thing look native about her. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 166 ⁋1 It has long been observed that native beauty has little power to charm without the ornaments which fortune bestows. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 128 We preserve the whole of our feelings still native and entire, unsophisticated by pedantry and infidelity. 1868Marriott Vestiar. Chr. p. xxiv, Sober colours there were, or, as commonly they were called, natural or native colours. 1871Browning Balaustion 1899 He shall not say the man was vile Whom he befriended,—native noble heart!
b. Naturally implied or involved; not wrested or forced in any way.
1579Fulke Heskins' Parl. 141 This he dare auouch, to be the natiue and true vnderstanding of this scripture. 1625Gill Sacr. Philos. iv. 61, I hold that this is not the native meaning of this place. 1709Steele Tatler No. 45 ⁋2 Mere Words,..used only as they serve to betray those who understand them in their native Sense. 1741W. Wilson Contin. Def. Ref. Princ. Ch. Scot. (1769) I. 344, I have drawn such inferences and conclusions from them as I thought just and native. 1875E. White Life in Christ iii. xxi. 319 The Septuagint translators..well knew the native meaning of both words.
3. a. Pertaining to, or connected with, one by the fact of one having been born there; that was the place or scene of one's birth. Also const. to.
native country occurs frequently in the 16th cent.
1500–20Dunbar Poems xxii. 24 Kynd natyve nest dois clek bot owlis. 1513Douglas æneis ii. iv. 75 O native cuntre [Surrey land], and ryall realme of Troy! 1568Grafton Chron. II. 491 He would cause the Scottes..to returne againe into their countrie and natiue region. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. i. i. 30 Say in briefe the cause Why thou departedst from thy natiue home? 1667Milton P.L. vi. 226 Disturb, though not destroy, thir happie Native seat. 1671― P.R. iv. 241 Athens,..Mother of Arts And Eloquence, native to famous wits Or hospitable. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 17 [I shall] With Foreign Spoils adorn my native Place. 1725Pope Odyss. i. 15 At their native realms the Greeks arrived. 1778F. Burney Evelina lxxix, We should first pass a month at my native Berry Hill. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 422 The Flemish manufacturers, driven from their native country by the cruelty of the Duke of Alva. 1856Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. I. i. 2 As boys, we had wandered together through our native woods.
transf.1833I. Taylor Fanat. vi. 167 Some congenial torrid climate—native to abjectness and slavery.
b. Forming the source or origin of a thing or person; original, parent.
1590Greene Orl. Fur. (1599) 58 All of finest silke, Fetcht from the natiue loomes of labouring wormes. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. xi. 11 Like fruitlesse braunches, which the hatchets slight Hath pruned from the native tree. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 463 Is this the way I must return to native dust? 1728Pope Dunc. i. 176 And, lest we err by Wit's wild dancing light, Secure us kindly in our native night. 1813Shelley Q. Mab ix. 121 Heaps of broken stone That mingled slowly with their native earth.
4. Belonging to, or natural to, one by reason of the place or country of one's birth, or of the nation to which one belongs.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxiv. (Percy Soc.) 111 In my natyf language I wyl not opres More of her werke. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. iii. 160 The Language I haue learn'd these forty yeares (My natiue English) now I must forgo. Ibid. 173 Thy sentence..robs my tongue from breathing natiue breath. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 37 They have a native language of their owne, but the Persian tongue is understood by most. c1700Pope Ode Solitude i, Content to breathe his native air In his own ground. 1780Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 529 Greek..was still (with a few corruptions) their native language. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam i. xix, To the Snake those accents sweet were known His native tongue and hers. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. (1844) I. 6 Their habits, as we can see them transacted, are native. 1877M. M. Grant Sun-Maid viii, They were dressed in their native costumes.
Comb.1876A. Plummer tr. Döllinger's Hippolytus II. 87 His name has been metamorphosed in Syria and Egypt into the more native-sounding Abulides.
†5. native day, natal day, birthday. Obs.
1546Langley tr. Pol. Verg. de Invent. v. i. 99 Which honored the day of consecrating their religions.., callinge it ye natiue daye of their sacred personages. 1566Drant Horace, Sat. ii. ii. F iij b, If he dyd feast his frende at home, or kepe his natiue daye.
6. Belonging or appertaining to one as a possession or right by virtue of one's birth.
1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 453 Whereas all Nobilitie and Gentrie is either Native or Dative. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iii. iii. 190 Did I put Henry from his Natiue Right? 1660Trial Regic. 29, I am very unwilling to deprive myself of my Native Right. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. 760 Can People give away, Both for themselves and Sons, their native Sway? 1784Cowper Task v. 436 That man should thus..Abridge him of his just and native rights. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. Introd. 2 A bold, active, and warlike people, tenacious of their native liberty.
II.
†7. Born in a state of villeinage. Obs.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VIII. 39 Somme men say this pope was the native man of thabbot of Seynte Alban in Ynglonde. Ibid. 457 He scholde make alle men fre.., so that þere scholde not be eny native man after that tyme.
8. a. Connected with one by birth or race; closely related. Also const. † to and with. Now rare.
c1470Henry Wallace viii. 241 Byschope Beik full sodeynly thai se; And Robert Bruce, contrar his natiff men. Ibid. x. 169 Thai men, was natyff till Stwart..tuk hardement. 1513Douglas æneis iii. v. 125 Neir he approchit..And his awne native freindis knew in hy. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 390 His awin natiue cousing and freind. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 47 The Head is not more Natiue to the Heart..Then is the Throne of Denmark to thy Father. 1865Swinburne Atalanta 504 Old men honourable, Who have..filled with gracious and memorial fame..alien lips and native with their own.
†b. = natural a. 13. Obs. rare.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 97 b, So soone as those yong can heare but their owne and Natiue Dams note, they leaue their Stepmother. c1600Gentleman in Thracia in Child Ballads VIII. 162 There is but one amongst the foure That is my native sonne.
†9. Entitled to a certain position by birth; natural, proper, rightful. Obs.
1564Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 304 The said David is in the rowme of him the auld kyndlie native possesour thairof. c1580Sidney Ps. viii. viii, The fish, of sea the native heire. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. ii. 25 This Earth shall haue a feeling..ere her Natiue King Shall falter vnder foule Rebellious Armes.
10. a. Of metals and other minerals: Occurring naturally in a pure state or uncombined with other substances; also used to describe a mineral occurring in nature, in distinction from the corresponding substance formed artificially. So native rock.
native amalgam: see amalgam n. 1.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth (1723) 19 Flint, Native-Vitriol, Spar. 1728― Catal. For. Fossils 22 Native Sulphur of a lemon color. 1760Wesley Jrnl. 10 Sept. (1827) III. 16 One end..was native rock. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 156 The existence of Native Iron seems now placed beyond the reach of doubt. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 531 As it is found native in abundance, it is seldom formed artificially. 1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 953 Native Silver has the general characters of the pure metal. 1874Garrod & Baxter Mat. Med. 54 Aluminum..does not exist native, but is formed artificially from certain of its compounds.
b. transf. Applied to the state or form of such substances.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Natrum, An alkali,..fermenting very violently..in its native dry state. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 74 The variety of substances..found in the bowels of the earth, in their native state. 1818W. Phillips Outl. Min. & Geol. (ed. 3) 40 Silver occurs in the metallic or native state. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 81 In its purest native form [carbon] crystallizes as the diamond.
†11. Having a birth or natal origin; coming into existence by being born. Obs. rare.
After L. nātīvus in Cicero De Nat. Deorum i. x. 25.
1655Stanley Hist. Philos. ii. (1701) 61/1 His Opinion..was, that the Gods are native (having a beginning). 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 209 A Multitude of such Deities, which yet they conceived to be all (as well as Men) Native and Mortal.
III. 12. a. Born in a particular place or country; belonging to a particular race, district, etc., by birth. In mod. use spec. with connotation of non-European (cf. native n. 4).
c1470Henry Wallace viii. 545 Be caus I am a natyff Scottis man. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. ccv. 216 They before tyme were sworne to Edmunde.., and also were natyfe Englyssemen. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 426 b, Straungers being commaunded to departe, & the native countrie men there caste in pryson. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. i. 23 The poore dapled fooles Being natiue Burgers of this desert City. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. v. x. (1848) 335 She is ever a Natural, though no Native, Persian. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 59 The native Turks are honest People, and love honest People. 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. III. Diss. Drama 27 England seems to have been always the least concern'd for the Encouragement of poor Native Proselyts to the Protestant Communion. 1782R. Cumberland Anecd. Painters I. 94 Spain at that brilliant æra was in possession of many native painters. 1802James Milit. Dict. s.v., Each regiment of native cavalry and native infantry. 1839H. Malcom Trav. (1840) 11/1 Having received endowments from a native gentleman, yielding annually 100,000 rupees. 1884Manch. Exam. 17 May 5/1 The tolls..were intended to be a protection to the native handicraftsmen in gold and silver.
b. In predicative use or placed after the n. Also const. † of and to.
1558Knox First Blast (Arb.) 33 A man natiue amongest them selues. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. ii. 356 Are you natiue of this place? 1602― Ham. iv. vii. 180 Like a creature Natiue, and indued Vnto that Element. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 313 That Prophet bold Native of Thebez wandring here was fed. 1821Shelley Epipsych. 426 This land would have remained a solitude But for some pastoral people native there. 1847Tennyson Princ. vii. 304 No Angel, but a dearer being, all dipt In Angel instincts,..Who look'd all native to her place.
c. native son U.S., a native of a particular State.
1833Southern Patriot (Charleston, S. Carolina) 27 July 2/6 Col. William Drayton..a native son of Carolina..left our shores. 1850Ex. Doc. 31st U.S. Congress 1 Sess. Senate No. 76. 3 The native sons of the United States living in New Mexico knew their right to equality of privilege. 1864Weekly New Mexican (Santa Fé) 25 Nov. 3 Lieut.-Colonel Chaves..is one of New Mexico's favorite native sons. 1913Dialect Notes IV. 27 You can't get a job in California unless you are a native son. 1916‘B. M. Bower’ Phantom Herd 27 [He] backed out of the way of the Native Son, who sprawled himself over the table corner. 1949Sun (Baltimore) 7 Sept. 12/4 A bare victory in Ohio could not be taken as a decisive popular verdict for Mr. Taft's philosophy because the Taft philosophy had been supplemented by loyalty to a native son and that element could not be counted as a safe factor in general calculations. 1974News & Reporter (Chester, S. Carolina) 22 Apr. 2-A/1 The man is a native son, is old enough and has resided in the state long enough.
13. a. Produced in or belonging to a certain country; of indigenous origin, production, or growth, as opposed to what is foreign or exotic.
1555Eden Decades W. Ind. 38 Images..very artificiously made of golde... The golde wherof they are made is natiue. 1601Shakes. All's Well i. iii. 152 'Tis often seene..choise breedes A natiue slip to vs from forraine seedes. 1616R. C. Times' Whistle v. 2197 Tobacco.., Which being far fetcht only doth exceed In vertue all our native hearbes. 1670R. Coke Disc. Trade 1 Trade is twofold, viz. Native, and Forein. Ibid. 28 So our Native Commodities are not valuable as if Trade were free. 1817O'Hara Hist. N.S. Wales 242 Of native fruits, a cherry, insipid in comparison of the European sorts, was found. 1845Florist's Jrnl. 143 Even now, when such numbers of our native flowers ought to be in full perfection, they are scarcely to be found. 1894‘J. S. Winter’ Red Coats 118 Some biscuits, a tin of preserved chicken, some native cakes.
b. Of oysters. (See native n. 5 b.)
1736English Oyster Fisheries (1737) 22 They import none, and yet have, every Winter, very considerable Crops of Laid, as well as Native Oysters. 1855Dallas Syst. Nat. Hist. I. 428 The ‘native’ oysters are obtained from artificial oyster banks. 1865Pall Mall G. 5 Dec. 5 It is rather a difficult matter to define what is a native oyster.
c. In names of Australian animals and birds, as native bustard, native hen, native rabbit, native turkey. Also native bear = koala; native cat = dasyure; native companion, the brolga, Megalornis rubicundus; native dog = dingo n.
1820J. Oxley Jrnls. Exped. Australia 33 That large species of bittern, known on the east-coast by the local name of Native Companions. 1820W. C. Wentworth Descr. N.S. Wales 62 The native dog..which is a species of the wolf. 1826J. Atkinson Agric. N.S. Wales 23 The rat, or native rabbit, has all the habits of the domestic rat of Europe. 1827P. Cunningham N.S. Wales I. 317 Our coola (sloth or native bear) is about the size of an ordinary poodle dog. 1847Leichhardt Overland Exped. 260 Several native bustards (Otis Novæ-Hollandiæ) were shot. 1848Gould Birds Australia VI. pl. 4 Australian Bustard;..Native Turkey. Ibid. pl. 71 Tribonyx Mortierii, Native Hen, of the Colonists. 1863R. Henning Let. 10 Aug. (1966) 137 It was not rats but a large ‘native cat’ that had so alarmed John... They are pretty little creatures with soft spotted fur, about the size of a kitten. 1880L. A. Meredith Tasman. Friends & Foes 67 The native cat is similar [to the tiger cat], but smaller, and its fur is an ashy-grey. 1896,1911Native companion [see brolga]. 1911E. M. Clowes On Wallaby xi. 279 You may yet meet with..a lumbering native bear, like nothing on earth so much as a child's woolly toy, really the most ingratiating creature. Standing about two feet high, and covered with soft, thick fur, it has an odd, blunt, wistful sort of nose. 1916J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee xii. 174, I saw for the first time a native bear on the bough of a black butt. 1928‘Brent of Bin Bin’ Up Country ii. 25 Bert's heelers..were tethered in a number of kennels placed around the fowl-houses as protection against native cats, which could devastate a fowl roost in one attack. 1934T. Wood Cobbers xvi. 189 Native companions—strange white stalky birds on stilts whose courtship dance is a marvel. 1946K. Tennant Lost Haven (1968) xiv. 237 The native companions..beating the water with their stumpy wings to frighten the little fish. They seemed to have their legs fastened on backwards at the joints. 1966G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. Austral. & N.Z. iii. 41 Koalas were more often called native bears in the early years. 1968Times 23 Jan. (Austral. Suppl.) p. xiii/3 He..caught instead a pair of dibblers..believed to be extinct and of importance as a link between the smaller phascogales and the larger native cats.
d. In names of Australian and New Zealand plants, fruits, etc., as native borage, native box, native carrot, native cherry, native fuchsia, native indigo, etc. Also native bread: see bread n. 2 e; native bush N.Z., woods or forests made up of indigenous trees and shrubs.
1826Native cherry [see five corner(s]. 1830R. Dawson Pres. State Australia 411 The shrub which is called the native cherry-tree, appears like a species of cypress. 1847Leichhardt Overland Exped. 64 The native carrot..was here withered and in seed. Ibid. 124 The native Borage (Trichodesma zeylanica). 1860G. Bennett Naturalist in Australia 372 The Correa virens, with its pretty pendulous blossoms (from which it has been named the ‘Native Fuchsia’). 1884A. Nilson Timber Trees New South Wales 125 X[ylomelum] pyriforme.—Wooden Pear; Native Pear. 1889J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 121 ‘Native Box’..is greedily eaten by sheep. Ibid. 286 Ricinocarpus pinifolius, Desf., Native Jasmine. This plant yields abundance of seeds, like small castor-oil seeds. They yield an oil. 1891R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xxii. 294 Panicum decompositum, R. Br.—Barley grass, native millet, umbrella grass. Throughout Colonies, except Tasmania. 1898Morris Austral Eng. 5/1 Emu A[pple]—Owenia acidula, F. v. M.; called also Native Nectarine. 1905Native nectarine [see emu-apple]. 1908E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. i. 20 Strong and spicy are the odours..in the jungle, the so-called native ginger, nutmeg..and many others. 1926Trans. N.Z. Inst. LVI. 662 The word ‘native’ has been prefixed to almost as many names as the words ‘New Zealand’. 1928‘Brent of Bin Bin’ Up Country iii. 43 Its floor was spread with glowing embers from the bark of the native apple tree, specially suitable for the purpose. 1930L. G. D. Acland Early Canterbury Runs vi. 125 The glorious view, native bush and trim gardens make it [sc. Peel Forest] one of the most beautiful homesteads in Canterbury. 1933Bulletin (Sydney) 29 Mar. 25/1 Some of the potential plants of these pastures are rib grass, coolah grass..and native wheat grass. Ibid. 7 June 25/2 Another ornamental plant is the native jasmine, which grows to about 6 ft. high. This bush is often completely denuded of foliage by stock. 1934Ibid. 15 Aug. 21/4 The thirsty traveller in the western parts of N.S.W. and Queensland welcomes the sight of a native nectarine (Owenia acidula) almost as much as a fresh-water spring. 1947A. Vogt in D. M. Davin N.Z. Short Stories (1953) 377 Further back, even here, the hills were thick with native bush. 1959A. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. 80 Stewart Island ..is a popular tourist resort with unspoiled native bush,..and a wealth of birdlife. 1966W. S. Ramson Austral. Eng. v. 82 In some cases the resemblance to an English species was sufficient for the choice of name, but a qualification was introduced through the use of a particularizer, as, for instance, in..native pear. 1967A. M. Blombery Guide Native Austral. Plants 313 S[antalum] acuminatum. Quandong, Native Peach... A shrub or small tree with light greyish-green, narrow, lanceolate leaves and bright-red fruits.
14. Belonging to, used by, characteristic of, the natives of a particular place.
1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 471 The native right to half this territory was extinguished by a treaty. 1854G. H. Haydon Austral. Emigrant 126 note, Carbora, the native name of an animal of the sloth species. 1891R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xiv. 215 Mrs. Donnelly is perhaps one of the most able lawyers in relation to native affairs that New Zealand possesses, and..has earned..the reputation of a Maori Portia. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 74 Living in the native houses while she built..her present house. 1914R. Fry Let. (1972) II. 378 Are you going to Tunis? If so..he'll give you Arab dinners in a lovely Arab house in the middle of the native quarter. 1950M. Chappell Rhodesian Adventure ix. 101, I believe the original native name for the place where Salisbury stands was ‘Harari’. 1961G. Greene In Search of a Character i. 14 The ‘method’ here seems to be to drive around the native town until a likely girl is seen. 1975C. Allen Plain Tales from Raj i. 25 The native bazaar was..out of bounds..to all European children.
15. Special Combs., as Native American, a North American Indian; also attrib. or as adj.; native location S. Afr. = location 5; native oven (N.Z.) = copper Maori; a similar oven in Australia; native question, the question of relations between colonizers and the indigenous population of a country; native reserve, an area of land set aside by a colonial power for the exclusive use of the indigenous population; native state, Native State, during the period of British dominion of India, the term used to designate a state outside British territory which was governed by a native ruler; also called ‘Indian State’, ‘princely state’.
1956A. Huxley Let. 20 Oct. (1969) 809 Thank you for your most interesting letter about the Native American churchmen. 1973Black Panther 7 Apr. 4/1 Appearing at the awards in Brando's behalf was the beautiful, gracious, and now famous Native American woman, Sacheen Littlefeather, who, dressed in the traditional garments of her people, read a prepared statement. 1973New Society 19 July 137/1 Services at a Native American Church, a denomination that combines Indian and Christian beliefs. 1974Black Panther 19 Jan. 3/2 In a vain attempt to cover the highly-political nature of the trial, the government has accused the two Native Americans of crimes such as burglary, larceny, and auto theft rather than accuse them of the real charges: of standing up for the dignity and culture of Indian peoples.
[1855W. C. Holden Hist. Natal viii. 176 The plan of government devised was, to preserve the Natives distinct from the whites; and, for this purpose, large tracts of country were set aside, under the designation of ‘Locations for the Natives’. On these Locations the Natives were to be collected, and governed by their own laws, through the medium of their own chiefs.] 1866in Towards Dict. S. Afr. Eng. (1971) 51 Crime has considerably increased during the year; which is in a great measure to be attributed to the scarcity of food in the native locations. 1881Convention of Pretoria in J. Nixon Compl. Story Transvaal (1884) 348 Article 21, Forthwith, after the taking effect of this Convention, a Native Location Commission will be constituted. 1928R. L. Buell Native Probl. Afr. I. i. iii. 50 Each South African city has its native location in which the native population must supposedly live, and in which houses are usually rented from the municipality. 1955Problems & Tensions in S. Afr. 374 In a few Native locations there is adequate provision for good schools, health centres, stores and churches.
1832A. Earle Narr. Residence N.Z. xxviii. 96 On a spot of rising ground, just outside the village, we saw a man preparing a native oven, which is done in the following simple manner:—A hole is made in the ground, and hot stones are put within it, and then all is covered up close. 1834,1889[see copper Maori]. 1905W. B. Where White Man Treads 101 (heading) The haangi—(native oven). 1911C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling xxvi. 227 Menindie..swarms with native ovens and other relics of the blacks. 1917H. W. Williams Dict. Maori Lang. 41/2 Hāngi.., native oven, consisting of a circular hole in the ground, in which the food was cooked by heated stones.
1900(title) Native question in South Africa. 1924E. M. Forster Passage to India ii. ii. 32 Adela, who meditated spending her life in the country, was a more serious matter; it would be tiresome if she started crooked over the native question. 1927W. Plomer I speak of Afr. 255, I am the only one here who doesn't depend for a living on the native question. 1971Oxf. Hist. S. Afr. II. viii. 403 In 1914 ‘the Native question’ was mentioned only in passing.
1928R. L. Buell Native Probl. Afr. I. v. 71 All land was simply declared public land,..which alienated it to European settlers after establishing in several cases, notable in Natal, native reserves. 1950M. Chappell Rhodesian Adventure ix. 101 The whole area is a native reserve and looks no different today than it has for centuries. 1953P. Abrahams Return to Goli iv. 106 The result is that nowhere else in Africa is land-hunger as acute as it is in the Union's ‘Native Reserves’. 1966M. M. Cole S. Afr. (ed. 2) xlv. 687 The Native Reserves in the Republic are incapable of supporting all the Bantu population in agriculture.
1784Act 24 Geo. III c. 25 §15 Treating or negociating with any of the Native Princes or States in India. [Ibid. §35 To negociate or conclude any Treaty of Peace..with any Indian Prince or State.] 1823J. Malcolm Mem. Cent. India II. xvi. 280 The present condition of our empire in India requires..in the exercise of political control and superintendence over Native States, a school..distinct from other branches of the service. 1883J. S. Cotton in Cotton & Payne Colonies & Dependencies i. iii. 23 The native states are sometimes called feudatory—a convenient term to express their vague relation to the British crown. 1886Kipling Departm. Ditties (ed. 2) 7 Rustum Beg of Kolazai—slightly backward Native State—Lusted for a C.S.I. 1894W. Lee-Warner Protected Princes India i. 2 The most cursory examination of the Native states brings to light a confusing variety in their size, their origin, and their development. 1931P. Kendall India & British viii. 223 Hyderabad, the largest..of all the Native States, absorbed Golconda centuries ago. 1963M. A. Rahim Ld. Dalhousie's Administration i. 4 As regards the condition of Indian states, there were many so-called independent native principalities or states, but actually..they were firmly controlled by the British Government.
Sense 15 in Dict. becomes 16. Add: [III.] 15. Computing. Designed for or built into a given system; not enhanced by additional software or hardware; spec. designating the language (esp. machine code) associated with a given processor or computer, and programs written in it. Cf. *resident a. 2 c.
1966J. Horn Computer & Data Processing Dict. & Guide 87 Native language, the communication means between machine units which is peculiar to a class of equipment. 1983InfoWorld 24 Jan. 9/4 Some of the new Milton Bradley expander games will work only with the expander system, and some will work with the native TI computer. 1984Austral. Personal Computer Apr. 167 (Advt.), Compiling 6000 lines per minute directly into native machine code (not slow p-code). 1988Network World 15 Aug. 1/5 Under the 3Com plan, IBM and Macintosh personal computers on the same local net will be able to..communicate with the server using the interface of their native operating systems. |