| 释义 |
nankeen, n. (and a.)|nænˈkiːn|
Also 8 nankein, 9 -kin, -quin, and with capital initial.
[f. Nankin or Nanking, ‘southern capital’, the name of the chief city of the province of Kiangsu in China. Cf. F. and Du. nankin, G. nanking.]
1. A kind of cotton cloth, originally made at Nanking from a yellow variety of cotton, but now extensively manufactured from ordinary cotton and dyed yellow. Also attrib. with cloth.
1755Songs & Poems on Costume (Percy Soc.) 239 Make his breeches of nankein, Most like nature, most like skin. 1801Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 292/1 The colour of nankeen is natural, the down of which it is made being of the same yellow tinge with the cloth. 1826J. F. Cooper Last Mohic. i, His nether garment was of yellow nankeen. 1878J. H. Gray China III. xxiii. 143 The cloth called nankin, generally written nankeen, is of the greatest durability.
attrib.c1809F. Buchanan in Eastern India III. 144 (Yule), Wool having the colour of nankeen cloth. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 877 Nankin cloth has been long imitated in perfection by our own manufacturers.
b. With pl. A kind or variety of this cloth.
1781A. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 402 There are some articles, which come from India,..Bengals, nankeens, Persian silk. 1797Staunton Acc. Macartney's Embassy China II. 425 The land in this neighbourhood..produces the cloth usually called Nankeens in Europe. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc. s.v., They are sometimes bleached, and then are called white nankeens. Imitation nankeens are manufactured at Manchester. 1858Homans Cycl. Commerce 1387/2 The broad pieces called ‘the Company's nankeens’ are generally of a better quality than the narrow ones.
2. attrib. (passing into adj.) Made of nankeen.
1774in Grosley Obs. England II. 142 His nankeen small⁓clothes were tied with 16 strings at each knee. 1795Anderson Narr. Embassy China 70 The uniform of the soldiers consists of a large pair of loose, black nankeen trowsers. 1823Chron. in Ann. Reg. 70/1 The female preacher had on a nankeen dress. 1885J. Payn Talk of Town I. 26 A dark blue coat with a short light waistcoat;..and nankeen breeches.
b. pl. Trousers made of nankeen.
1806–7J. Beresford Mis. Hum. Life (1826) ii. xi, Pushing through the very narrow path of a very long field of very high corn immediately after a very heavy rain:—nankeens. 1853Lytton My Novel i. ii, If you had my nankeens on.., and had fallen into a thicket of thistles.
3. A yellow or pale buff; the colour of nankeen.
1775Sheridan Duenna ii. iii, As for the dimity skin you told me of, I swear, 'tis a thorough nankeen as ever I saw! 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 934 This lichen, with soda, yields a yellow; with lime..a nankeen. 1882Garden 18 Mar. 189/3 The colour is a beautiful nankeen.
4. attrib. or as adj., denoting a yellow colour like that of nankeen.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 877 The following is the process for dyeing calico a nankin colour. 1868Chambers's Encycl. VI. 656/2 Another..nankeen dye is produced by boiling annatto in a strong solution of pearl ashes. 1882Garden 25 Nov. 469/3 The..petals being of a nankeen-yellow.
b. In the names of some Australian birds, as the nankeen bird, nankeen crane, or nankeen night-hawk, and the nankeen hawk. Also nankeen gum, a species of eucalyptus, E. populifolia.
1804Caley in Trans. Linn. Soc. XV. 184, I saw no Nankeen Hawks this autumn. 1838J. H. James Six Months S. Austral. 202 Shooting one or two beautiful nankeen birds. 1872C. H. Eden My wife and I in Queensland 121 The nankeen crane (Nycticorax caledonicus), a very handsome, bright nankeen-coloured bird. 1889J. H. Maiden Native Plants 506 This tree is..called ‘Nankeen Gum’ in Northern Australia, from the peculiar light-brown colour of the bark.
5. nankeen cotton, the variety of cotton from which nankeen cloth was originally made.
1797Staunton Acc. Macartney's Embassy China II. 425 It is asserted, that the seeds of the nankeen cotton degenerate..when transplanted to another province. 1865N. & Q. 3rd Ser. VII. 474/2 A new species of cotton, called Nankeen, of a bright yellow colour and fine texture, is now raised in the United States.
6. A kind of Chinese porcelain. Also attrib.
1781Lionel & Clarissa 7 Half-a-dozen plates, four Nankeen beakers, and a couple of shaking Mandarins. 1782Wedgwood in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 322 The Dresden porcelain is more refractory than the common Chinese, but not equally so with the stone Nankeen. 1784H. Walpole Descr. Strawberry Hill 8 A blue and white saucer with a landscape, of fine Nankin china. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 52 Nankeen indeed even resists this heat. 1845Encycl. Metrop. Index, Nankin porcelain. 1917D. H. Lawrence Phoenix II (1968) 113 There were delicate blue Nankin cups. 1921W. de la Mare Mem. Midget ii. 12 Dwarf trees..in green Nankin tubs. Ibid. xxiv. 157 A little masterpiece: and real old Nankin. 1957Mankowitz & Haggar Conc. Encycl. Eng. Pott. & Porc. 161/2 Large quantities of porcelain decorated in blue were exported through this town [Nankin], hence the term ‘Nankin Blue’ or ‘Nankin China’ or simply ‘Nankin’..a synonym for blue-and-white porcelain.
7. A kind of lace.
1865F. B. Palliser Hist. Lace xv. 199 It was not until 1745 that the blondes..made their appearance. The first silk used for the new production was of its natural colour, ‘écrue’, hence these laces were called ‘nankins’ or ‘blondes’. 1882Nankin [see blond n. 2 b].
Hence nanˈkeening; nankiˈnett.
1805Ann. Reg. 682 Muslins, piquées, dimities, and nankinetts. a1845Hood To Lady on Dep. India vi, Go to the land of muslin and nankeening. |