| 释义 |
Mössbauer Physics.|ˈmœsbaʊə(r)|
The name of Rudolf L. Mössbauer (b. 1929), W. German physicist, used attrib. with reference to an effect he reported in 1958, in which gamma rays emitted by an atomic nucleus bound in a crystal exhibit very little Doppler line-broadening (owing to the absence of translational motion of the nucleus) and have almost all the energy released in the transition between nuclear states (owing to the entire mass of the crystal being involved in the recoil of the emitting nucleus, which is consequently very small), so that it is possible to obtain resonance absorption in another similar nucleus with a high degree of precision and hence derive information about the energies and widths of nuclear energy levels; so Mössbauer effect, Mössbauer spectroscopy, etc.
1960Physical Rev. Lett. IV. 28 (heading) Observations on the Mössbauer effect in Fe57. 1960Ibid. V. 364/2 The Mössbauer spectrum was observed with an Fe absorber, enriched to 75% Fe57 and of equivalent thickness 2·2 mg/cm2. 1962Listener 6 Dec. 964/2 Physicists all over the world scramble to examine the ‘Mössbauer effect’ to find out by how much gravity makes a clock run slow. 1965Phillips & Williams Inorg. Chem. I. v. 146 The Mössbauer shift can then be correlated with the degree of ionic bonding. Thus the shift of the γ-ray energy from the value found in metallic Sn increases from SnI4 through SnBr4, SnCl4, and SnO2 to SnF4. 1966Jrnl. Physics & Chem. Solids XXVII. 85 The Mössbauer effect was used to measure the line shifts and electric quadrupole splittings of the 14·4 keV level of Fe57 in absorbers at 81°K and 300°K of the marcasite structure compounds FeS2, FeSe2, FeTe2, and FeSb2. 1970Physics Bull. June 247/1 The Mössbauer nuclear resonance is the narrowest spectral line so far available. 1971Greenwood & Gibb Mössbauer Spectrosc. i. 1 The Mössbauer effect has been detected in a total of 88 γ-ray transitions in 72 isotopes of 42 different elements. 1971Sci. Amer. Oct. 86/2 Mössbauer-effect spectroscopy is now used extensively for studying chemical bonds, the architecture of molecules and the distribution of electronic charge around atoms. 1973G. M. Bancroft Mössbauer Spectrosc. iii. 47 In comparison to many spectroscopic experiments, the basic Mössbauer equipment is rather simple and inexpensive. Ibid., A Mössbauer spectrum consists of a plot of the number of gamma ray photons transmitted through an absorber as a function of the instantaneous relative velocity of the source with respect to an absorber. |