| 释义 |
myself, pron.|maɪˈsɛlf, mɪˈsɛlf|
Forms (see also self): α. 1 me siolf, sylf, 2–3 meseolf, 3 me sellf (Ormin), seolfan, suluen, 4–6 meself, (6 mee-). β. 3 mi-, myseolf, (-ve), -sulf, (-ve), 3–4 miself, 4–5 mi-, 4–6 myselve(n, (5 -syllf, -silven, -seluon, -yn, 6 selfin, sellf), 5–7 my-selfe, 4– myself. γ. dial. 6 -sell, 8–9 mysel', mysel, mesel, mysen, etc. (see E.D.D.).
[orig. me acc.-dat. pron. + self (q.v.); in OE. in two distinct constructions (see notes to senses 1 and 5). The transition from the form meself to myself was prob. due, partly to unstressing and obscuring of the vowel of mē (mēˈself, mĕˈself, miˈself), partly to the analogy of herself, in which her was felt as a possessive genitive.]
I. Emphatic uses.
1. a. In apposition with the subject-pronoun I: In my own person; for my part.
In OE. ic me self, where me is a kind of ethical dative and the uninflected self is in apposition with ic.
α853in Earle Land-charters 343 Ealle ða ᵹerihte ða ic meseolf ær ahte. c1200Ormin 16242, I me sellf shall reȝȝsenn itt Þe þridde daȝȝ off dæþe. c1205Lay. 3214 Ne bidde ich nanne maðmes, me seolf ich habben inoȝe. a1225St. Marher. 11 Ich me seolf smelle of þe swote ihū swottre þen euer ani þing þ̶ is on eorðe. a1300Cursor M. 5768 ‘Ga forth,’ he said, ‘wit-vten dred, For i me-self sal þe lede.’ c1330Amis & Amil. 850 Y seighe it meself this ich day. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 66, I mee selfe stoode in neede of a comforter.
βc1205Lay. 8816 Ah ich mi seolf neore & mine gode cnihtes i-numen weoren ure king. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8361 Icholle to hom..& wiþinne vif dawes mid hom be mi sulf in bataile. c1350Will. Palerne 722 Mi-self knowe ich nouȝt mi ken ne mi kontre noiþer. 1390Gower Conf. I. 43, I am miselven on of tho, Which to this Scole am underfonge. c1400Mandeville (1839) xx. 221 He schalle not trowe it lightly: and treuly, no more did I my self, til I saughe it. c1440Alph. Tales lvii. 42 Nowder of þies two did itt, I did it my selfe. 1535Coverdale Jer. xxi. 5, I my selff will fight agaynst you. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. i. 236, I will my selfe into the Pulpit first. 1682Dryden & Lee Dk. Guise i. i. (1683) 5, I will my self to Court. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 92/1 Mohun Persaud..knew as little of Persian as I did myself. 1887Carroll Game of Logic i. §1. 4 If there are any: I haven't seen many, myself. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 320 Judge Shortcharge may be right, or he may be wrong, but he decides. I go for the judge myself.
γ1500–20Dunbar Poems lx. 71 Gif I be ane of thay my sell. 1790Mrs. Wheeler Westmld. Dial. 50, I dunnet mitch heed me sel. 1864Tennyson North. Farmer viii, Theer wur a boggle in it, I often 'eärd 'um mysen.
†b. myself one, or myself alone: by myself. Also (rare) simply myself. Obs.
c1275Wom. Samaria 31 in O.E. Misc. 85, I nabbe, heo seyde, nenne were, ich am my seolf al one. c1325Song of Merci 21 in E.E.P. (1862) 119 Ful stille .i. stod my self al on. c1485E.E. Misc. (Warton Club) 43 Bi a forrest as I gane fare, Walkyng al myselvene alone. 1535Coverdale Deut. i. 9, I am not able to beare you my self alone. [So 1611.] c1540Pilgryms Tale 168 in Thynne Animadv. (1875) 82 For that I was my-selue, & company had non. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. ii. 269, I had as liefe haue beene my selfe alone.
c. In apposition with me. rare.
13..R. Glouc. Chron. (1724) 30 (MS. B), Ac for me my self, ich wol soþ segge of þis dede.
2. By ellipsis of I, myself comes to be used as a nominative.
a. as simple subject. Now only poet.
The verb in concord is usually in the 1st person sing., † but occas. in the 3rd.
c1350Will. Palerne 543 Nay! sertes my-selue schal him neuer telle. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 34 My-selven can not telle why The sooth. c1386― Wife's Prol. 175 (Harl. MS.) My self haþ [Ellesm. haue, other 5 MSS. hath] ben þe whippe. 1450Rolls of Parlt. V. 176/1 Myself hath be armed in the Kynges daies. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. iv. 74 My selfe hath often heard them say,..That Lucius banishment was wrongfully. 1601― Jul. C. iv. iii. 171 My selfe haue Letters of the selfe-same Tenure. 1634T. Whalley in Ussher's Lett. (1686) 602 My self only think it not improbable, but that he might live there some Years. 1756W. Toldervy Hist. 2 Orphans II. 59 Myself has received singular favours from the hands of the doctors Mead and Monro! 1859FitzGerald tr. Omar xxvii, Myself when young did eagerly frequent Doctor and Saint. 1864Browning Death in Desert Wks. 1896 I. 591/2 Before the point was mooted, ‘What is God?’ No savage man inquired, ‘What am myself?’
b. As part of a compound subject or predicate, and after than, as. Also as simple predicate.
Except at the beginning of an enumeration, or as simple predicate, myself in this use now expresses no special emphasis, being preferred in order to avoid the awkwardness of I.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 546 Ther was also a Reve and a Millere,..A Maunciple, and my-self. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. v. 83 These hands do lacke Nobility, that they strike A meaner then my selfe. 1748Richardson Clarissa III. xxiii. 136 Enough to make a better man than myself..run into madness. 1866Good Words Aug. 544/2 One of our party and myself started on an expedition.
3. Substituted for me as the object of a verb or governed by a preposition.
The use of myself as the sole or the first-mentioned object of a verb is now arch. In an enumeration, when not occupying the first place, it does not now express any special emphasis, being in this position commonly preferred to me.
c1205Lay. 493 Mine þralles i mire þeode me suluen [c 1275 mi-seolue] þretiað. c1350Will. Palerne 1175 Þe londes þat he has he holdes of mi-selue. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvi. 46 Liberum arbitrium..Þat is lieutenant to loken it wel by leue of my-selue. c1400Destr. Troy 13177 Two sons..of the same kynges,..sesit my selfe, & my sure felow. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxiv. 19 Thow salbe merchand for my sell, Renunce thy God and cum to me. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 59 And for my selfe, Foe as he was to me, [etc.]. 1789Burns To Dr. Blacklock ii, He tauld mysel' by word o' mouth, He'd tak' my letter. 1809Malkin Gil Blas v. i. ⁋18 Membrilla has neither chick nor child but myself. 1812(title) The History of Myself and my Friend: a Novel. 1842Borrow Bible in Sp. xxxviii, Several of the ultra-popish bishops..had denounced the Bible, the Bible Society, and myself. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xx. §1 To myself, mountains are the beginning and the end of all natural scenery.
4. a. (passing into n.) My being or personality; my own or very self. † another myself [after L. alter ego]: a second self, said of an intimate friend (cf. I pron. 4 b).
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1 b, My wytte is gross, my selfe rude, and my tonge very barbarouse. 1574Hellowes tr. Gueuara's Fam. Ep. (1577) 113, I bewaile the death of my friend, which is another my selfe. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. ii. 49 And for thy name which is no part of thee, Take all my selfe. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. i. iv. (1616) 194 Your sweet disposition to trauaile..hath made you another my-selfe in mine eye. 1667Milton P.L. v. 95 Best Image of my self and dearer half. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxvi. (1695) 188 That consciousness whereby I am my self to my self. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 302 There might have been two myselves some thousands of miles apart. 1859FitzGerald tr. Omar xx, To-morrow I may be Myself with Yesterday's Sev'n thousand Years. 1864J. Ingelow Poems 23 O, let me be myself! But where, O where,..Shall the myself be found? 1871R. W. Dale Commandm. vi. 156 My life is not so sacred as myself.
b. to be myself, to feel like myself: to be, or feel as if I were, in my normal condition of body or mind.
1777Johnsoniana 51, I am not at all myself this morning. a1845Hood Lamia i. 82, I was not quite myself—(not what I am). 1886Besant Childr. Gibeon ii. xix, It gave me such a shake as I never had before; I haven't felt like myself ever since.
II. Reflexive uses.
5. As direct or indirect obj., in acc. and inf. const., or in dependence on a prep. (Orig. only emphatic refl., but now in general use, replacing the refl. me, which is now only arch.: cf. me pron. 5.) Also in phr. says I to myself.
In OE. recorded only in the acc., self being in concord with me.
837Will in Thorpe Dipl. Angl. (1865) 476 Ic wille ærist me siolfne Gode allmehtᵹum forᵹeofan to ðere stowe æt Cristes cirican. c1000ælfric Gen. xxii. 16 Ic sweriᵹe þurh me sylfne, sæde se ælmihtiᵹa. c1205Lay. 828 Iche wlle þesne king læden mid me seolfan [c 1275 mi seolue]. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9285, & wanne ich am encheson of such peril ywis Verst icholle þer inne do mi sulue. 1390Gower Conf. I. 280, I am so with miselven wroth. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop iii. ii, By cause that I..fayned my self to be a medycyn. 1535Coverdale Gen. iii. 10, I hyd my self. 1551–6R. Robinson tr. More's Utopia (Arb.) 13 Such spare houres as..I..cold..winne to me self. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. viii. 76 The loue I beare you, doth cause me thus nakedly to forget my selfe. 1671Milton P.R. i. 204 Myself I thought Born to that end. 1711Addison Spect. No. 26 ⁋1, I very often walk by my self in Westminster Abbey. 1720[see say v.1 B. 3 b ¶ ]. 1759Johnson Idler No. 55 ⁋4, I acquainted myself with the black inhabitants of metallic caverns. 1811(title) Thinks I to myself: a Novel. 1825Lamb Elia ii. The Superannuated Man, I had foolishly given a handle against myself. 1855Dickens Let. to Leigh Hunt in Cornh. Mag. May (1892) 505, I..reject all engagements, to have my time to myself. 1891Kipling Light that Failed v, I'm not going to belong to anybody except myself. 1920J. Lee Penitent in Northern Numbers 81 As I lay in the trenches at Noove Chapelle,..Sez I to mysel', sez I to mysel':—Billy, me boy, here's the end o' you. |