| 释义 |
mycorrhiza Bot.|maɪkəʊˈraɪzə|
Pl. -æ |-iː| or -s. Also mycorhiza.
[a. mod.L. mycorhiza (A. B. Frank 1885, in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. III. 129), f. myco- + Gr. ῥίζα root.]
A symbiotic or slightly pathogenic fungus growing in association with the roots of a plant. Also attrib. Hence mycoˈrrhizal a.
1895W. R. Fisher in Schlich's Man. Forestry IV. iii. ii. 376 This altered root with its matted coating of mycelium receives the name mycorhiza, and the fungus has the power of absorbing nutritive matter from the soil and conveying it to the roots of the host. 1898tr. Strasburger's Bot. 210 Judging from the results of culture experiments made with these plants without mycorrhiza. 1900Nature 28 June 201/2 All known species of mycorhizal fungi. 1916Nature 2 Nov. 172/1 The abhorrence of lime by the humus-loving rhododendrons appears to be intimately connected with the mycorrhiza, the symbiotic fungus which lives in association with the roots of the rhododendron and heath family. 1924J. A. Thomson Science Old & New xxvii. 148 In many cases..the partner fungus or mycorhiza confines itself to the outside of the root, forming a dense, absorbing feltwork... The fungus absorbs water and salts and organic materials from the soil and passes these on to the tree; the benefit it gets in return is a supply of carbohydrates from the root. 1926Tansley & Chipp Study of Vegetation ix. 158 Etymologically the word mycorrhiza refers to the fungus-root combination. Ibid., Mycorrhizal fungi may be divided roughly into endotrophic and ectotrophic. 1927Forestry I. 115 Mycorrhiza formation and the mycotrophic habit are of the first importance to trees growing in humus soils. 1934Ibid. VIII. 97 Coralloid clusters of short thick rootlets (mycorrhizas) varying in colour with that of the associated mycelium. 1955Jrnl. Ecol. XLIII. 408 The results of experiments performed with excised mycorrhizal roots may not necessarily be directly applied to mycorrhizas attached to parent trees. 1967Punch 24 May 766/3 The orchid seedling, having no green leaves, depends for its food on the phenomenon of mycorhiza, an association with a resident fungus that is less of a coming together for mutual benefit than an unending war wherein the opposing forces are so perfectly balanced there is no victor, no vanquished. 1967M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens v. 69 Mycorrhizal fungi associated with the roots of trees. 1973Nature 7 Dec. 366/2 The necessity (or not) of raising nursery seedlings under conditions conducive to mycorrhizal infection, are discussed. |