| 释义 |
▪ I. musk, n.|mʌsk|
Forms: 4–7 muske, 6 moske, 7 musch(e, mosk, (musque), 7–8 mosch, 5– musk. Also 4 in Latin forms musco (abl.), muscum (acc.).
[a. F. musc (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) = Pr. musc, Sp., It. musco (also muschio), ad. late L. muscus (4–5th c.), med.L. mos(c)hus, late Gr. µόσκος, µόσχος (5–6th c.), prob. a. Pers. mušk, whence Arab. misk (whence, with Arab. prefixed article, Sp. almizcle, Pg. almiscle, almiscar); the ultimate source is perh. Sk. muška (Hindī mušk) scrotum, testicle.
The continental Teut. langs. have adopted the med.L. forms: G. moschus, Du., Sw. muskus, Da. moskus, muskus; obsolete forms are G. mosch, musch, Du. musch.]
1. a. An odoriferous, reddish-brown substance, secreted in a gland or sac by the male musk-deer. It has a very powerful and enduring odour, and is used as the basis of many perfumes, and in medicine as a stimulant and antispasmodic. Also applied occas. to substances of similar odour secreted by certain other animals.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xix. (Tollem. MS.), Also of boxe beþ boxes made to kepe in muske and oþer spicerye. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 196 If his herte quake, þan ȝeue him tiriaca maior wiþ a litil musco ouþer hoot wijn. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. xi. ii. in Ashm. (1652) 181 As musk in Pygments, and other spycys mo. 1555Eden Decades 108 They lefte a very sweete sauour behynde them sweeter then muske. 1620J. Mason New-found-land 4 And a small beast like a Ferret whose excrement is Muske. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physick 47 Hares runnet, and a little Musch. 1710Steele Tatler No. 103 ⁋15 Perfumed so strongly with Musk that I was almost overcome with the Scent. 1798W. Yonge in Beddoes Contrib. Phys. & Med. Knowl. (1799) 292 With mosch and valerian in larger doses. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xv, A grain of musk will scent a drawer for many years. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. iii. (1872) 278 Musk is known in commerce under two forms—as Tonquin or Thibet musk, which is the most valuable, and Siberian, Kabardinian, or Russian musk, of inferior quality.
b. pl.
c1570Wren in Hakluyt's Voy. (1599) II. ii. 59 The Negros answered againe, they had ciuet, muske, gold and graines. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 120 But nowe they must haue muskes and perfumes.
c. An artificial preparation imitating musk.
1658Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii, Animall-musk, seems to excell the vegetable. 1840Pereira Elem. Mat. Med. ii. 1397, I have seen several artificial pods of musk which have been imported from Canton. T. W. C. Martius..calls this artificial kind Wampo musk. 1840Penny Cycl. XVI. 27/2 An artificial musk is sometimes made with nitric acid and oil of amber.
d. An aromatic odour, resembling that of musk.
1855Tennyson Maud i. xxii. i, And the woodbine spices are wafted abroad, And the musk of the rose is blown.
2. An animal which produces ‘musk’, now usually the musk-deer, sometimes called Tibet (or pouched) musk; also applied (with defining word) to other animals resembling the musk-deer, or possessing a musky smell.
c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. v. (Parl. Beasts) xviii, The marmisset the mowdewart..The musk, the litill mous [etc.]. 1611Florio, Lattitio, a kind of Muske or Ziuet-cat. 1771Pennant Synopsis Quadrup. 58 Brasilian Musk. Ibid. 59 Indian Musk... Meminna... Inhabits Ceylon. Ibid., Guinea Musk. 1781― Hist. Quadrupeds I. 112 Tibet Musk, of the form of a roebuck. 1801Shaw Gen. Zool. II. ii. 254 Pygmy Musk. Moschus Pygmæus... It is a native of many parts of the East Indies [etc.]. 1843Gray List Mammalia Brit. Mus. 172 The Musk. Moschus moschiferus Linn. Ibid., The Kabarga or Siberian Musk. Ibid., The White-bellied Musk. Ibid., The Golden-eyed Musk. 1879E. P. Wright Anim. Life 155 In the musk the fur is thick and elastic, fit for a cold country. The males have an odoriferous gland in the middle of their abdomen.
3. a. A name for various plants having a musky odour; short for musk-hyacinth, -mallow, okro, -tree; in England now chiefly applied to Mimulus moschatus = musk-plant (b).
1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Geranium, The 16th Sort [Musked Crane's-bill] is preserved in many gardens, for the sweet Scent its Leaves afford when rubb'd between the Fingers, which occasion'd its being called Musk, or Muscovy. 1786Abercrombie Arrangem. 74/1 in Gard. Assist., (Muscaria) or musk hyacinth. Blue musk. Ash coloured musk. Purple musk. 1819Keats Isabella xi, Close in a bower of hyacinth and musk. 1866Treas. Bot., Musk, Mimulus moschatus; also Erodium moschatum. 1886J. Bonwick in Encycl. Brit. XX. 174/1 Their [the Queenslander's] red cedar is the Cedrela Goona;..ebony, the Malba; musk, the Marlea [etc.]. 1897–8Britton & Brown Amer. Flora, Musk, Malva moschata.
b. Short for musk apple, pear.
1708J. Philips Cyder i. 31 But how with equal Numbers shall we match The Musk's surpassing Worth! 1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Pyrus §9 Orange Musquée, i.e. The Orange Musk. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. iii. 388 Pears..Orange Musk,..Jargonelle [etc.]. 1786Abercrombie Arrangem. 11 in Gard. Assist., [Pears] Little musk.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. Obvious combinations, as musk-animal, musk-colour, musk trade; (sense 3) musk-pot; = flavoured or scented with musk, as musk-cake, musk-comfit, † musk fruit, musk julep, musk lozenge, musk plum, musk-sugar. Also musk-coloured, musk-like, musk-perfumed, musk-scented adjs.
1693Dale Pharmacol. 626 Animal Moschiferum... The *Musk Animal.
1706Closet of Rarities (Nares), To make *musk-cakes, take half a pound of red roses,..add four grains of musk; mix them well to a thickness, make them into cakes and dry them in the sun.
1654Whitelocke Jrnl. Swed. Emb. (1772) II. 179 A plain suit of..english cloth of *muske colour. 1681Grew Musæum i. vii. ii. 164 'Tis about two inches long. Of a dark brown or Musk-colour. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2072/4 He was habited in a Musk colour Cloth Coat.
1684Ibid. No. 1944/4 A Petticoat of *Musk coloured Silk.
1598Florio, Moscadino, a kinde of *muske comfets.
1638Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. III.) 55 For I have not yet medled with any of the *Musque fruits, which I hope you shall eat.
1775Ash, *Musk julep... A julep in which there is an infusion of musk.
1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 498 It gives out a strong aromatic *musk-like smell.
1895Army & Navy Price List 15 Sept. 702/2 *Musk Lozenges per box, 0/9.
1922Joyce Ulysses 11 Phantasmal mirth, folded away: *muskperfumed.
a1643W. Cartwright Siedge iv. v, I've..Kept *Musk-plums in my Mouth continually.
1859G. Meredith R. Feverel ix, The farmer pointed at some *musk-pots in the window.
1671Phil. Trans. VI. 3002 Another *Musk-sented Insect. 1891O. Wilde Picture of Dorian Gray (ed. 2) xv. 272 He bathed his hands and forehead with a cool musk-scented vinegar. 1937Discovery Feb. 53/2 A musk-scented lady. 1957R. Campbell Coll. Poems II. 98 Musk-scented lace and fans of ostrich plume.
1696Salmon Fam. Dict. (ed. 2), *Musk-Sugar, to Make.
1677J. Phillips tr. Tavernier's Trav. ii. 153 Fearing that the cheats and adulterations of Musk would spoil the *Musk-Trade.
b. In various names for the receptacle in the musk-deer (or other animal) which contains the musk. See also musk-bag, -cod.
1681Grew Musæum i. ii. ii. 22 The *Musk Bladder or Bag is about three inches long.
1837M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 155 The removal of the *musk glands [in the crocodile] is absolutely necessary, as otherwise the flesh would be insupportable.
1888–91Blanford Mammalia India 553 Many musk-deer are snared in nooses, others shot to secure the ‘*musk-pod’, which is an article of commerce.
1834tr. Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. I. 166 The other Musks have no *musk-pouch.
1840Pereira Elem. Mat. Med. ii. 1395 The *musk sac is of an oval form [etc.].
c. In the names of plants having a musky odour (frequently translating mod.Latin moschatus), as musk carnation, the clove-gilliflower; musk cranesbill, Erodium moschatum; musk († wood) crowfoot, Adoxa Moschatellina; musk-flower = musk-plant (b); musk geranium = musk cranesbill; † musk-gillyflower, the clove-gilliflower; † musk-grape (-flower), -hyacinth, one of the grape-hyacinths, Muscari moschatum; musk-mallow, (a) Malva moschata; (b) = next; musk okro, Hibiscus Abelmoschus; musk orchis, Herminium Monorchis; musk-plant, † (a) = musk okro; (b) Mimulus moschatus; (c) = musk mallow (a); musk-root, ‘the Sumbul root, derived from Euryangium Sumbul; also the Spikenard, Nardostachys Jatamansi; and Adoxa Moschatellina’ (Treas. Bot. 1866); † musk-scabious, ? Scabiosa atropurpurea; musk-seed, the seed of Hibiscus Abelmoschus; musk thistle, the thistle Carduus nutans. Also musk-melon, -rose, -tree, -wood.
1866M. Arnold Thyrsis vii, Soon will the *musk carnations break and swell.
1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxiv. (1794) 337 Very like this is *Musk Cranesbill..easily known by its musky odour.
1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 103 *Musk⁓wood Crowfoot hath the leaf divided [etc.]. 1855Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. III. 91 Tuberous Moschatell... It has several rustic names, as..Hollow-root, and Musk-Crowfoot.
1852Cottage Gard. Dict. (Johnson) 623 *Musk-flower, Mimulus moschatus.
1845–50A. H. Lincoln Lect. Bot. App. 101/2 Erodium moschatum, (*musk geranium).
1607Topsell Hist. Four-f. Beasts (1658) 430 There be divers herbs which smell sweet like musk, as Angelica, Dorsis, *Musk-gilliflowers, *Musk grapes.
1598Florio, Muscorini, *muske grape floure[s].
1629Parkinson Parad. xi. 112 *Muske Iacinth. 1731Miller Gard. Dict., Muscari,..Musk-Hyacinth or Grape-flower, of a worn-out purple-greenish Colour.
1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxiv. (1794) 342 Another wild species called *Musk Mallow. 1882Garden 15 July 38/2 The White Musk Mallow [is] a charming British wild flower.
1756P. Browne Nat. Hist. Jamaica (1789) 285 The *Musk Okro. The seeds of this plant..have a strong and perfect smell of musk.
1731Miller Gard. Dict., Orchis; odorata moschata, sive Monorchis. The Yellow Sweet or *Musk Orchis.
1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxiv. (1794) 344 The *Musk plant of the West Indies is another species of Hibiscus; its kidney-shaped seeds have a very strong smell of musk. 1852Cottage Gard. Dict. (Johnson) 607/1 Mimulus moschatus (Musk-plant). 1897–8Britton & Brown Amer. Flora, Musk-plant, a. Mimulus moschatus; b. Malva moschata.
1844Chem. Gaz. II. 68 On Radix Sumbul, the Persian *Musk Root.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Musk-scabious, a kind of Herb. 1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Scabiosa, The Indian or Musk Scabious's are preserv'd for the Beauty and sweet Scent of their Flowers.
1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 15 This Plant grows likewise in Egypt, where it is called *Musk-seed. 1873Beeton's Dict. Comm. s.v., The musk-seed brought from the island of Martinico is accounted better than any other.
1731Miller Gard. Dict., Carduus; nutans... The *Musk, or Nodding Thistle.
d. In the names of varieties of fruits having a musky smell or taste, as musk-apple, musk cherry, musk peach, musk pear; cf. musk n. 3 b.
1611Cotgr. s.v. Muscadelle, Pomme muscadelle, a Muske apple. Ibid., Muscateline, the Muske Peare; the smallest, sweetest, and soonest ripe of all other Peares. 1629Parkinson Parad. 583 The Muske Nectorin..both smelleth and eateth as if the fruit were steeped in Muske. 1679Evelyn Kal. Hort., Aug. (ed. 5) 22 Man Peach,..Musk Peach [etc.]. 1786Abercrombie Arrangem. 12 in Gard. Assist., Principal Varieties [of Pears],..Musk blanquette,..Musk robine. 1884Hogg Fruit Man. (ed. 5) 621 Pears... Musk Drone. See Bourdon Musqué.
e. In various names for musk-ox, as musk-bison, musk buffalo, musk sheep; also musk bull, musk cattle, musk cow.
1792Pennant Arct. Zool. I. Plate vii, Musk Bull and Cow. Ibid. II. Index, Bison or Ox, musk. 1823Byron Juan xii. lxxxii, Where the musk-bull browses. 1876Davis Polaris Exp. 126 A long hunt for musk-cattle. 1877A. R. Wallace in Encycl. Brit. VII. 275/1 The musk-sheep (Ovibos).
f. In the names of animals having a musky odour, as † musk ant, ‘the name given by Lister and Ray to a peculiar species of ant, which is of the number of the perfumed insects’ (Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1753); † musk-beaver = musk-rat 1; musk-beetle, a capricorn beetle, Callichroma moschata; musk-cavy, the pilori; † musk-fly = musk-beetle; † musk-goat = musk-deer; † musk-goat-chafer = musk-beetle; † musk-hog, the peccary; † musk-insect = musk-beetle; musk-kangaroo, a very small, rat-like, arboreal kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus; musk lorikeet, an Australian parrot, Glossopsitta concinna; = musk-parrakeet; musk-mole, a Mongolian mole, Scaptochirus moschatus (Cent. Dict. 1890); musk-parrakeet (see quot.); musk-shrew, the Indian musk-rat (see musk-rat 2); musk-tortoise, -turtle, a small American freshwater turtle, Aromochelys odorata; musk-weasel, any viverrine carnivore. See also musk-cat, -deer, -duck, -ox, -rat.
1671Phil. Trans. VI. 3002 A *Musk-Ant..observed by me.
1771Pennant Synopsis Quadrup. 259 *Musk Beaver.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Musk-Insect, a term used by some to express the capricorn, or *Musk beetle. 1864–5Wood Homes without H. viii. (1868) 174 The Musk Beetle (Cerambyx moschatus).
1823Crabb Technol. Dict. s.v. Musk, *Musk Cavy, the Mus pilorides of Linnæus.
1665Hubert Catal. Rarities 40 A dark green coloured flie called the *Musk flie, for his odoriferous sent when he is a live.
1601Holland Pliny II. 87 marg., Plinie neuer heard of the *Musk-goats nor Ciuet cats in these daies. 1668Charleton Onomasticon 8 Capra Moschi, the Musk Goat.
1681Grew Musæum i. vii. ii. 164 The *Musk-Goat-Chafer. Capricornus odoratus... While it lives, and for sometime after its death, It hath a fragrant smell; from whence the Name.
1773Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 219 The Mexican *Musk-Hog.
1671Phil. Trans. VI. 3002 Two or three more *Musk Insects.
1894Lydekker Marsupialia 73 The *Musk-Kangaroos. Genus Hypsiprymnodon. Ibid., The remarkable creature known, from its strong scent, as the Musk-Kangaroo.
1901A. J. Campbell Nests & Eggs Austral. Birds 596, I have observed many nests of the *Musk Lorikeet in Victoria. 1966Eastman & Hunt Parrots of Australia 32 Musk lorikeet... Pleasant strong musky odour associated with this Lorikeet.
1848Gould Birds Australia V. pl. 52 Trichoglossus concinnus, Vig. and Horsf. Musky Parrakeet... *Musk Parrakeet, Colonists.
1834Roget Anim. & Veg. Phys. II. 135 The Sorex moschatus, or *musk shrew. 1888Blanford Mammalia India 233 Crocidura murina, the brown musk Shrew. Ibid. 236 Crocidura cærulea, the grey musk Shrew.
1885Stand. Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 452 Aromochelys odorata is a small turtle found in pools..and known as the *musk-turtle, besides other savory names.
1835Swainson Nat. Hist. & Classif. Quadrup. 361 Viverrinæ. *Musk-Weasels.
▪ II. musk, v. rare.
[f. musk n.]
trans. To perfume with or as with musk.
1632Sherwood, To Muske, perfume with Muske, Musquer [1611 Cotgr. has ‘bemuske’, see be- 6 b]. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. I. 6 Musk'd in the rose's lap fresh dews they shed. Ibid. 138 The Nymph..Each tangled braid with glistening teeth unbinds And with the floating treasure musks the winds. |