| 释义 |
▪ I. murk, mirk, n.1|mɜːk|
Forms: 1 mirce, myrce, 4 merck, myrke, 4–5 merk(e, mirke, 5–9 mirk, 6 myrk, 6, 9 mark, 7 murke, 7– murk.
[OE. mirce str. neut., related to murk a. Cf. ON. myrkr, genit. myrkrs (Sw. mörker), myrkve wk. masc. (Da. mørke).]
1. Darkness. lit. and fig. Now chiefly Sc.
a1000Daniel 448 (Gr.) Se ðe hie of ðam mirce ᵹenerede. c1220Bestiary 443 Ledeð man to helle merk. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2164 ᵹyf þou brake euer any kyrke, On day, or yn nyȝht, yn myrke [Dulwich MS. in the merke]. c1440York Myst. xxxvii. 53 I spake of folke in mirke walkand. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 107 Nor thé perturb in mark nor lycht. 1585Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 28 The diet of the proclamatioun is in the mirk of the mone. 1601Shakes. All's Well ii. i. 166 Ere twice in murke and occidentall dampe Moist Hesperus hath quench'd her sleepy Lampe. 1791Burns Tam O'Shanter 31 She prophesy'd that, late or soon, Thou would be found deep drown'd in Doon; Or catch'd wi' warlocks i' the mirk. 1852Longfellow Jewish Cemetery at Newport ix, They lived in..lanes obscure,..in mirk and mire. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. vi. i. (1872) II. 138 Aloft from the murk of commonplace rise glancings of a starry splendour. 1904Hewlett Queen's Quair i. vii. 94 In the grey mirk..Lethington and his master came to rouse her.
2. Thick or murky air or vapour. Also fig.
a1300Cursor M. 23669 Ne mist ne merck ne na maner O weder to þe werld to der. 1846Longfellow in Life (1891) II. 68 We came out in the murk and rain. 1891E. Field Western Verse 34 A song of the land of murk and mist.
▪ II. murk, n.2|mɜːk|
Also 7–9 murc, 8 murck, 9 mirk.
[? var. of marc.]
= marc.
1676Worlidge Cyder 91 In case you resolve to adde water to your Murc,..then you need not press it too hard; for your Cider will then be the worse. 1750W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. VII. ii. 124 The Lees or Murk of the pressing [of walnuts]. 1845Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 1275/2 When all the juice is received by the operation of treading, the skins, stems, and seeds, or as it is properly called, the murk, is submitted to great pressure.
▪ III. murk, mirk, a. Now dial. (Sc.) and poet. or arch.|mɜːk|
Forms: 1 mirce, myrce, 3 mirc, 3–5 merk, 3–7 mirke, 4 merck, 4–5 merke, 4–6 myrk, 4–7 myrke, 5 marke, 6, 8, 9 mark, 4– mirk, 7– murk.
[OE. mirce = OS. mirki, ON. myrk-r (inflected myrkv-; Sw. mörk, Da. mørk):—OTeut. *merkwjo-, *merkwi-. Outside Teut. no certain cognates have been found.
It is usually assumed that the existing word is from ON., on the ground that OE. mirce should have yielded *mirch; but it cannot be affirmed that OE. c from kw would not have remained as (k). Cf. thick:—OE. þicce.
The prevailing spelling in Scottish writers is mirk; the modern poetic use, being chiefly imitated from Sc., usually has this spelling; the independent use by English writers associates the word with murky, whence the form murk.]
1. Obscure, deficient in light, dark.
a. Of night, day, the weather, etc. mirk night Sc., the darkest part of the night [cf. ON. myrk-nǽtti]. mirk Monday Sc., the day of the great solar eclipse of 29 Mar. (= 8th April N.S.) 1652.
c1300Havelok 404 On the mirke nith to shine. c1400Rom. Rose 5339 Take eclips right as the mone, Whan..The shadowe maketh her bemis merke. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7136 Þai rest in Iarow, whils it was myrke. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 38 I did spaceir vp ande doune but sleipe, the maist part of the myrk nycht. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 405 The night was grow-and mark wpoun thame. 1647Herrick Noble Numbers, To his Conscience, That in the mirk and tonguelesse night, Wanton I may. c1767Archæologia I. 230 note, The great Solar eclipse, vulgarly called the Mirk Monday. 1781Burns My Nanie, O ii, The night's baith mirk and rainy, O. a1884Calverley Lit. Rem. (1885) 206 Murk night seemed lately fair-complexioned day.
b. Of places.
Beowulf 1405 Gang ofer grundas ᵹeᵹnum for ofer myrcan mor. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 456 Þar duellid man in a myrk dungeon. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 22 Amang thay myrk Montanis sa madlie thay mer. 1533Bellenden tr. Livy i. vi. (S.T.S.) I. 38 In ane myrk and obscure place. 1792Burns My Ain Kind Dearie ii, In mirkest glen, at mid⁓night hour, I'd rove, and ne'er be eerie O. 1821Byron Juan iv. xxxiii, Mirk The sharp rocks look'd below. 1844Mrs. Browning Sonn., Work & Contempl., These temples mirk.
c. Of air, etc.: Darkened; esp. darkened by mist; hence, misty, dense.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xiii. (Marcus) 177 Sa wondire myrke become þe ayr, þat before wes clere and fayre. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 88 A hideous bleakenesse of a thicke and mirke mist settled upon the ground. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 353 Mirk was the air. 1888Lowell Black Preacher 38 Fingers long fleshless the bell-ropes work, The chimes peal muffled with sea-mists mirk.
d. fig. in various applications: † Atrociously wicked (obs.); obscure, hard to understand; gloomy, depressing; unenlightened.
a1000Phœnix 457 (Gr.) Fæder on fultum, forð onetteð, lænan lifes leahtras dwæsceþ, mirce mandæde. a1300Cursor M. 26105 And þar-wit-al sum questiones We sal vndo þe merk resons. c1425Hampole's Psalter Metr. Pref. 18 Þe sentence is ful merke. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 103 Such myster saying me seemeth to mirke. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iv. ii, Mirk despair Made me think life was little worth. 1855Bailey Spir. Leg. in Mystic, etc. 102 That variable orb, now great with love, And hope, now murk and mean with slavish fear.
†2. Having the sight obscured; dim. Obs.
c1220Bestiary 95 Or he it biðenken can, hise eȝen weren mirke. c1460Towneley Myst. xvii. 33 Myn ees are woren both marke and blynd.
3. Dark in colour. rare.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 286 And euerilc on ðat helden wid him, ðo wurðen mirc, and swart, and dim. a1300E.E. Psalter xvii. 13 Mirke watres þat ware ofe hewe. a1849H. Coleridge Poems (1850) ii. 34 No fault of thine..Clothes thee in weed of penance, murk and dun. 1898W. K. Johnson Terra Tenebr. 139 Round thee the murk and passionate wave Its waste of foam in vain would fling.
▪ IV. murk, mirk, v.|mɜːk|
Forms: see murk a.
[f. murk a. Cf. ON. myrkva to grow dark (possibly the source).]
†1. intr. To grow dark. Obs.
1320–30Horn. Ch. 81 When that even bicam,..It bigan to mirke. c1400Destr. Troy 7809 The night was so nighe,..merkit the mountayns & mores aboute. 1633J. Fisher True Trojans iii. ix, Gif night gars the welkin merk.
2. trans. To darken, obscure. lit. and fig. Also to blacken, smudge.
a1340Hampole Psalter cxxxviii. 11 Myrknes sall noght be myrked of þe. c1450Cov. Myst. xxii. (Shaks. Soc.) 207 With sum myst his wittys to merke. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iii. iii, Soon the fleecy clouds mirk a' the skies. 1791J. Learmont Poems 23 Their sordit sauls mirk't Britain's glory. 1907Daily News 6 Sept. 6 Happy mites, most of them, for all the dirt which murked their countenances.
Hence ˈmurking ppl. a., becoming dark.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) III. 318 Quyetlie about the myrkand nycht,..on to the wall he staw. |