| 释义 |
Munchausen|mʌnˈtʃɔːzən|
The name of Baron Munchausen (in Ger. form Münchhausen), the hero of a pseudo-autobiographical narrative of impossible adventures, written in English by the German Rudolf Eric Raspe (1785): used to denote an extravagantly mendacious story of marvellous adventure. Hence Munˈchausen v. trans. (nonce-wd.), to recount with extravagant exaggeration; Munˈchausenish a., Munˈchausenism.
1850Fraser's Mag. XLI. 411 Herodotus..has been accused of all sorts of Munchausenisms. 1854L. Lloyd Scandin. Adv. II. 252 Before setting them down as regular ‘Munchausens’. 1865Sat. Rev. 9 Nov. 587 A Munchausenish turn for the marvellous. 1895J. G. Millais Breath fr. Veldt (1899) 336 My readers may think I have caricatured and ‘Munchausened’ the..tomfoolery of these clowns of the desert.
b. Used attrib. and in the possessive with reference to a syndrome in which the patient repeatedly feigns a dramatic or severe illness so as to obtain hospital treatment (see quot. 1951).
1951R. Asher in Lancet 10 Feb. 339/1 Munchausen's syndrome... Here is described a common syndrome which most doctors have seen, but about which little has been written. Like the famous Baron von Munchausen, the persons affected have always travelled widely; and their stories, like those attributed to him, are both dramatic and untruthful. Accordingly the syndrome is respectfully dedicated to the baron, and named after him. 1959Perspect. Biol. & Med. II. 347 The peripatetic medical vagrant, the itinerant fabricator of a nearly perfect facsimile of serious illness—the victim of Munchausen's syndrome. 1967Amer. Jrnl. Med. XLIII. 579/2 This complex of factors..distinguishes the Munchausen patient from the malingerer, hypochondriac, hysteric, self-mutilator and drug addict, with all of which the diagnosis of Munchausen's syndrome has been confused in the past. 1967Cecil-Loeb Textbk. Med. (ed. 12) 1453/2 The only ones who can be called malingerers with any confidence are some self-mutilating patients and the remarkable pathological liars, picturesquely called examples of the Münchhausen syndrome, who travel from hospital to hospital gaining admission by means of dramatic acts of illness. |