| 释义 |
▪ I. multiply, v.|ˈmʌltɪplaɪ|
Forms: 3–5 multe-, 4–6 multy-, (6 moulti-, moulty-); 3–6 -plie, -plye, 4–5 -pli(i); 4– multiply.
[a. OF. (mod.F.) multiplier, ad. L. multiplicāre, f. multiplic-, multiplex.]
1. trans. To cause to become much, many, or more; to make many or manifold; to augment the number, amount, or quantity of. Now rare except as coloured by sense 5.
a1275Prov. ælfred 675 in O.E. Misc. 137 Ac nim þe to þe a stable mon, þat word and dede bi-sette con, and multeplien heure god. a1340Hampole Psalter xi. 1 A haly man that sees the vanyte of the warld multiplid. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋774 Swete wordes multiplien & encressen frendes. c140026 Pol. Poems 148 In salt see I sayled well wyde ffor to multiply my tresoure. 1462Litt. Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 128 Suche..Allions beth gretely multeplied and encreased within the Town. 1535Coverdale Bel & Dr. G, Peace be multiplied with you. 1648Wilkins Math. Magic i. vii. 50 These Pulleys may be multiplyed according to sundry different situations. 1694Addison Poems, Virgil Wks. 1726 I. 30 Till into seven it multiplies its stream. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. lvii. V. 661 The activity of the emperor seemed to multiply his presence. 1833Tennyson Poems 76 And all things that she [sc. my soul] saw, she multiplied, A manyfaced glass. 1858Greener Gunnery 155 Elongating the fibres and multiplying their number to an indefinite extent. 1872Atkinson tr. Ganot's Nat. Philos. §671 By coiling the copper wire in the direction of the needle..the action of the current has been multiplied. 1878Jevons Primer Pol. Econ. 21 Public libraries, museums, picture galleries and like institutions all multiply utility.
b. To use or utter a multiplicity of (words, etc.). to multiply words: † (a) to be loquacious; (b) to be verbose.
1340Ayenb. 218 Huanne þe multepliest þine benes ich nelle none y-here. 1382Wyclif Job xxxv. 16 Job..withoute kunnynge woordis multiplieth. 1520tr. Dial. Creat. Moral. xii. D ij, This vale..brak owte and multyplyed greate wordis agayne the hyll. 1529in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. xiv. 258 No man..shall multiplye langage yn the Courte tyme. 1530Palsgr. 641/2, I moultiplye langage with one, as folkes do that chyde togyther. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 100 When they had thus multiplied talke vpon both sydes. 1652[see multiplying vbl. n. 1]. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. vii, They avoid nothing more than multiplying unnecessary Words, or using various Expressions. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 444 What he meant by the said premises was evident, and could not have been rendered clearer by saying all the said premises, though it might have served to multiply words.
c. In const. of the type to multiply evil upon evil, to add evil to evil, accumulate instances of evil.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 74 b, And he sawe a Iong mayde that lerned to wryte, of whom he sayde that me multiplied euyl vpon euyll. 1625Bp. Hall Medit. iii. xc. Wks. 65 It is a damnable iniquitie in man, to multiplie one sinne vpon another. 1830Tennyson Poet 33 Thus truth was multiplied on truth.
d. To adduce a large number of (instances, etc.).
1716Addison Freeholder No. 6 ⁋3 'Tis unnecessary to multiply Instances of this nature. 1845Encycl. Metrop. II. 899/1 These explicit declarations against heresy might be multiplied to almost any extent. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xxxii. 418 Instances of this kind might be multiplied.
†e. Const. inf. (A Hebraism.) Obs.
a1340Hampole Psalter Cant. 500 Willis noght multiply to speke heghe thyngis. 1649Bp. Reynolds Hosea v. 12 He multiplyeth to pardon. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. 9 He taketh delight to multiply to pardon offences.
† f. To increase the intensity of; occas. to magnify optically. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. xci. (1495) 840 The frogge multyplyeth his voyce whan he dooth his nether jowe somdeale in the water and strykyth the vpper jowe. a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1629) 249 His eies saw no terrour, nor eare heard any martiall sound, but that they multiplied the hidiousnesse of it to his mated mind. 1626Bacon New Atl. (1900) 42 Wee Multiply Smells, which may seeme strange. 1651J. Cleveland Wks. C 5 Just as an Optique Glasse contracts the sight At one end, but when turn'd doth multiply't.
2. intr. To become of great number or quantity; to be increased or augmented by accumulation or repetition.
c1330Spec. Gy de Warewyke 1009 Almesdede fordoþe þi synne..And þi god shal multiplie. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 278 Euelez on erþe..grewen & multyplyed mony-folde. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 5195 By concorde, smale þinges multiplien. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. 4376 Þat þoruȝ þe worlde þe fyr gan multiplie. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 1002 He saw the Sothroun multipliand mayr. 1588Kyd Househ. Phil. Wks. (1901) 280 Much more may riches multiply that consist in bare money then [etc.]. 1666Marvell Corr. lii. Wks. (Grosart) II. 188 Busynesse does so multiply of late that I can scarce snatch time to write to you. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xix. II. 127 Reduced to an humble station by the prudence of Constantine, they [sc. eunuchs] multiplied in the palaces of his degenerate sons. 1842Manning Serm. i. (1848) I. 7 As sin has multiplied in its extent, so it would seem also to have become more intense. 1858Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 21 The flame increased—multiplied—at one point after another.
†b. transf. To accrue as interest. Obs. rare—1.
c1440Alphabet of Tales 525/25 At it sulde be lent in vsurie iij yere after his decese, and at þai sulde gyff for his sawle all þat multiplied þerof.
†c. intr. and pass. To be abundantly provided with. Obs.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) E, Oure senate faylethe of meke and wyse Senatours, and multiplieth with these serpentines. 1588Kyd Househ. Phil. Wks. (1901) 265 That wealth whereby we should expect to haue our houses so distinguished and multiplyed with offycers.
†3. trans. To increase (a family, etc.) by natural generation or procreation (freq. in pass.); to cause (the earth) to become populous. Obs. or arch.
a1300Cursor M. 2647 Abram,..Multipli þi sede i sall. 1375Creation 510 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 130 Þeȝ..broȝten forþ mo [children], Þe worlde to multiply. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xx. 89 Waxez and beese multiplied and fillez þe erthe. 1474Caxton Chesse iii. i. (1883) 76 Whan Adam their fader maried them for to multiplye y⊇ erthe of hys lignye. 1538Starkey England ii. i. 146 The way and mean to suffyce, multyply, and encrese them [sc. the people] agayn to a conuenyent nombur, ys only natural generatyon. 1673Temple Ess. on Ireland Wks. 1731 I. 110 People are multiplied in a Country by the Temper of the Climate, favourable to Generation. 1712Addison Spect. No. 413 ⁋5 That all Creatures might be tempted to multiply their Kind. 1784Cowper Task v. 221 When man was multiplied and spread abroad In tribes and clans.
absol.1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xix. 226 A man with-oute a make myghte nat wel of kynde Multeplie.
b. To breed (animals); to propagate (plants). † Also (of the parts of a plant), to produce by propagation, to cause to grow.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. xi. v. in Ashm. (1652) 182 The Tre of Hermes..Of whych one Pepyn a thowsand wyll Multyply. 1599[see multiplying vbl. n. 1]. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 197 The Method of Multiplying Plants by Layers. 1760J. Lee Bot. iii. iii. (1810) 416 The Trunk, which serves to multiply the herb, and leads immediately from the root to the fructification. 1796H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 659 They could themselves drain marshes, clear waste lands, multiply flocks. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 61/1 Most of them may be multiplied by cuttings struck in silver sand. 1857Balfour Cycl. India 1184 This is a large Mango multiplied at Mergui.
4. intr. To increase in number by natural generation or procreation (occas. by artificial means).
a1300Cursor M. 638 Drightin þam blessed, and bad þam brede, And multipli in þar sede. 1390Gower Conf. II. 344 Hou god to man be weie of kinde Hath set the world to multeplie. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) v. xiv. (1859) 80 Whiche fisshes he putte in the stewe, where they haue spawned and multyplyed. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1717 Isys was callyd the Goddesse Of Frute, for she fyrst made hit multyply By the meane of gryffyng. 1535Coverdale Job xii. 23 He both increaseth the people, and destroyeth them: He maketh them to multiplie, and dryueth them awaye. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 57 The Priests thereupon throw Rice upon their heads, praying that they may multiply as Rice. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 183 As for my Cats, they multiply'd. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 83 Under a climate more congenial..the descendants of a northern race may be able to aggregate and multiply. 1883Darwin in Pall Mall G. 7 Dec. 11/2 Multiply, vary; let the strongest live and the weakest die.
5. trans. (Math.) To operate upon (a given quantity, called the multiplicand) with another quantity (called the multiplier) so as to produce a quantity (called the product) having the same ratio to the multiplicand as the multiplier has to unity. In Higher Algebra, to apply an operator to (an operand).
c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §41 a, Þan loke how moche space of feet ys be-twen þe and þe tour, & multiplie þat be 12. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xx. 92 Now be þise all multiplied CCC. tymes and LX. 1594Blundevil Exerc. i. iv. 5 b, Whensoeuer you haue to multiply one number by another. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey ii. viii. 62 Multiply the Basall Area by 6. 1635J. Babington Geometry 34 Let the line AB be given to be multiplyed by the line CD. 1706W. Jones Syn. Palmar. Matheseos 20 Multiply each Figure of the Multiplicand, by each Figure of the Multiplier. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 293 A force equal to 20 cwt. multiplied by 2304. 1842De Morgan Int. & Diff. Calc. 11 What is a multiplied by 1/1000? The answer is a taken the thousandth part of a time, or the thousandth part of a. 1858Bright Sp., Reform 27 Oct. (1869) 281 The annual income of the estate multiplied by the number of years which..he may be expected to live. 1885W. K. Clifford Common Sense of Exact Sci. 201 If a vector step be multiplied by itself, the product is zero; that is, AP . AP = (AP)2 = 0.
transf. and fig.1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 7 Like a Cypher (Yet standing in rich place) I multiply With one we thanke you, many thousands moe, That goe before it. 1891Meredith One of our Conq. xviii, You have multiplied your investment by ten.
b. to multiply (one quantity) into, † in (another); to multiply (two quantities) together: to find the product of the two quantities.
1557Recorde Whetst. E ij b, 1225. And so moche doeth there arise by .35. multiplied into it self. 1571Digges Pantom. i. vi. C iij b, The firste multiplied in the fourth, produceth a quantitie equall to that which is made by multiplication of the seconde in the thirde. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey ii. viii. 61 Multiply the perpendicular in the demibase. 1690Leybourn Curs. Math. 15 The numbers to be multiplied must be set one under another. 1709J. Ward Yng. Math. Guide (1734) 340 Multiply the Base of the given Triangle into Half its perpendicular Height. Ibid. 439 Multiply the Two Diameters (viz. the Length and Breadth) together. 1812Playfair Nat. Phil. I. 110 The weight multiplied into the height to which it is raised. 1885C. Leudesdorf Cremona's Proj. Geom. 283 If these equations be multiplied together.
c. intr. To perform the process of multiplication.
1579Digges Stratioticos 4 To multiplie, is to find of two Numbers a number product the one in the other augmented. 1652News fr. Low Countr. 8 Podex can..Adde, Multiply, Subtract, Divide. 1798Hutton Course Math. (1806) I. 13 The number you multiply by, or the number of repetitions, is the Multiplier. 1840Lardner Geom. 102 If we require the area, we have only to multiply by 3·14.
d. Said of the multiplier (trans. and intr.).
c1425Crafte Nombrynge (E.E.T.S.) 21 Numerus multiplicans. Anglice, þe nombur multipliynge. 1570Billingsley Euclid 214 b, If a number multiplieng himselfe produce a cube number: then is that number also a cube number. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. II. s.v. Multiplication, Negatives multiplying Positives, must produce Negatives. 1709J. Ward Yng. Math. Guide i. ii. (1734) 14 When the Number Multiplied is so often Added to itself, as there are Units in the Number Multiplying. 1859Salmon Higher Alg. 70 The terms multiplying xy must be a3a0 and a2a1.
†6. Alch. (trans. and intr.) To increase the precious metals, as by transmutation of the baser metals. Also intr. (for pass.), said of the precious metals. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 848 A man may lightly lerne, if he have aught, To multiplye, and bringe his good to naught. 1390Gower Conf. II. 84 Thei founden thilke experience, Which cleped is Alconomie, Whereof the Selver multeplie Thei made and ek the gold also. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 17 Saying how they can Multiplie Gold and Silver. Ibid. 18 When such men promise to Multiplie, They compasse to doe some Villony. Ibid., Upon Nature thei falsely lye For Mettalls doe not Multiplie. 1543tr. Act 5 Hen. IV, c. 4 It is ordeyned..that none from hensforth shall vse to multiplie golde or syluer, nor vse the craft of multiplication. 1592Lyly Gallathea iii. iii, An arte quoth you, that one multiplieth so much all day, that he wanteth money to buy meate at night? 1650Evelyn Diary 14 Dec., An impostor that had like to have impos'd upon us a pretended secret of multiplying gold. 1688Act 1 Will. & Mary, c. 30 [citing Act 5 Hen. IV].
▪ II. multiply, adv.|ˈmʌltɪplɪ|
[f. multiple + -ly2.]
In a multiple manner; many ways or times, or more than once. spec. in Math. multiply connected (see quot. 1893); multiply-periodic, having many periods.
The use of a following hyphen is similar to that described at well adv. VII.
1881Maxwell Electr. & Magn. I. 120 If the region ς is doubly or multiply connected. 1892Mind I. 353 The rules for the synthesis of multiply-quantified propositions follow immediately from those for the synthesis of singly-quantified propositions. 1893A. R. Forsyth Theory of Functions 315 A surface is simply connected, if it be resolved into two distinct pieces by every cross-cut; but if there be any cross-cut, which does not resolve it into distinct pieces, the surface is multiply connected. Ibid. 464 Functions which are multiply-periodic. 1922F. W. Aston Isotopes 71 These multiply-charged clusters give most reliable values of mass. 1932Lewis & Langford Symbolic Logic ix. 301 A hierarchy..is involved in multiply-general propositions and functions. 1962W. & M. Kneale Devel. of Logic ii. 112 Two distinct quantifiers are required, as in the statement ‘Some man does not possess all knowledge’, and multiply general statements are quite common in science and philosophy, e.g. ‘Every event has a cause’. 1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors ii. 12 In many cases only one electron is separated from the parent atom in an ionising process but cases occur where several electrons are emitted and the atom is said to be multiply ionised. 1966D. G. Brandon Mod. Techniques Metallogr. iv. 204 The ions will be multiply-charged. 1971Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. LXXXV. 165 Almost no studies have been specifically directed to the detection of the relative power of the different kinds of categories into which words seem to be multiply encoded. |