| 释义 |
‖ mujtahid|muːdʒˈtɑːhɪd|
Also mooshtâhed, mujtehid. Pl. mujtahids, mujtahidūn.
[Pers. ‘one who strives hard to acquire correct and sound views’, ‘one who has arrived at the highest degree in knowledge of the law’; Arab. ‘one who exerts himself’.]
In Islamic countries, the title given to a person accepted as an authority on the interpretation of Islamic law. Now only in Iran.
1815J. Malcolm Hist. Persia II. xxiii. 428 That power..is exercised..by these holy men who are raised, by popular suffrage, to the dignity of Mooshtâhed, or ‘high priest’; and who may be deemed at the head of the hierarchy of Persia. 1885T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 197/2 Ijtihād is the deduction made by a single Mujtahid, whilst Ijma‘ is the collective opinion of a council of Mujtahidūn, or enlightened doctors. 1909Daily Chron. 2 Feb. 1/7 The Shah would be well advised to listen to the petition of the Mujtehids and clergy now being presented,..begging for the restoration of the Constitution. 1958A. Toynbee East to West 161 ‘The veil between us is very thin,’ said the old mujtahid. 1961Ann. Reg. 1960 299 The leading mujtahid of the day having declared this law to be contrary to the shari'a and the Constitution, it seemed likely to remain a dead letter. |