| 释义 |
▪ I. mourn, n. Obs. exc. dial.
[f. mourn v.]
Sorrow, lamentation, grief, mourning; also dial. a murmur, a murmuring sound.
a1300Cursor M. 10478 Son quen sco was comun þar, Sco gaf hir al to murn and care. Ibid. 24229 He þat sa reufulli was dight, If he þe said oght for to light Þi mode þat was in murn. 1470–85Malory Arthur ii. xii. 89 Sire ryght now cam rydynge this way a knyght makynge grete moorne for what cause I can not telle. 1594Lodge & Greene Looking-gl. (1598) C 3, Is she not faire?..A pretie peate to driue your mourne away. 1824Mrs. Cameron Marten & his Schol. vii, I helped to carry him to the grave, poor lad! His parents made great mourn over him.
▪ II. † mourn, a. Obs.
Forms: 3 mourne, 3–4 murne, 4 morne.
[Perh. a. F. morne, believed to be of Teut. origin cogn. w. mourn v. Cf. however OE. unmurn untroubled.]
Sad, mournful.
c1205Lay. 16159 Þa weoren Bruttes mid blisse auulled..þæ ær weoren murne. a1300K. Horn 748 (Camb. MS.) Alymar aȝen gan turne, Wel Modi and wel Murne [MS. Laud Mourne]. c1315Shoreham Poems ii. 40 O swete leuedy, wat þey was wo, Þo ihesus by-come morne. c1330Arth. & Merl. 8213 (Kölbing) His hert was sore, his cher murne.
▪ III. mourn, v.1|mɔən|
Forms: 1 murnan, 3 morȝne(n, 3–4 morun, 3–6 morn(e, 3–7 mourne, murn(e, 4 morene, mourene, 4–6 moorn(e, 5 mowrn(e, 6– mourn, (9 dial. moorn, murn).
[Com. Teut.: OE. murnan wk. vb. (commonly str., pret. mearn, pl. murnon) + OS. mornon (also mornian), OHG. mornên to be anxious or careful, ON. morna to pine away (so Norw. morna, Ross), Goth. maurnan to be anxious; the Teut. root *mur- is commonly referred to the Indogermanic *smer- to remember, whence Gr. µέριµνα care, sorrow; some scholars, however, taking the ON. sense as primary, suggest the root *mer- to die, wither.]
I. intr.
1. To feel sorrow, grief, or regret (often with added notion of expressing one's grief); to sorrow, grieve, lament. († In OE. also to be anxious or careful.)
In early use often said of the heart, soul, etc. Also † to mourn in (one's) mood, mind, heart, thought, etc.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. vii. §2 Ȝif þu þonne heora þeᵹen beon wilt & þe heora þeawas liciað, to hwon myrnst þu swa swiðe? a1000Andreas 99 (Gr.) Ne beo ðu on sefan to forht ne on mode ne murn! c1205Lay. 3116 In hire bure heo [Cordoille] abed & þolede þene mod-kare & mornede swþe. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2053 He [Joseph] herde hem [the butler and baker] murnen, he hem freinde for-quat. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxx. (Theodora) 346 Þane scho cane murne, gretand sare. 1382Wyclif Matt. v. 5 Blessid be thei that mournen [c 1400 Apol. Loll. 7 mornun], for thei shuln be comfortid. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 848, I shal make thyn herte for to morne ffor wel I woot thy pacience is gon. c1440Promp. Parv. 344/1 Moornyn, and sorowyn, mereo, gemo. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 1128 The king precious in pane Sair murnand in mude. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 212 Apone sic materis I muse, at mydnyght, full oft, And murnys so in my mynd, I murdris my selfin. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 86 b, In all euyll thou mayst fynde cause to mourne and sorowe. a1533Ld. Berners Huon liv. 181 When Huon sawe howe he had not wherewith to arme him his hert mourned ryght sore. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. i. i. 74 The prettie babes That mourn'd for fashion, ignorant what to feare. 1697Congreve Mourn. Bride i. iv, Some Here are, who seem to mourn at our Success! 1784Burns Man was Made to Mourn viii, Unmindful, tho' a weeping wife, And helpless offspring mourn. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 299 It is as we would say, ‘Let me mourn on’, a mourning inexhaustible, because the woe too and the cause of grief was unceasing.
b. Const. for, over, also † of, † on, † upon.
a1000Waldere i. 43 Ne murn ðu for ði mece ðe wearð maðma cyst. a1300Cursor M. 19014 For þair misdedes morun. 1530Palsgr. 640/2 He morneth sore for the losse of his father. 1535Coverdale Hos. x. 5 Therfore shall the people mourne ouer them. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 151 (1604 Qo.) He..Fell..by this declension, Into the madnes wherein now he raues, And all we mourne for. 1611Bible 1 Esdras viii. 72, I mourned for the iniquitie. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. v. (1841) I. 106 What we laughed at and made a jest of in our children before, we must now mourn over, and correct them for. 1789Witherspoon Regeneration iii. §4 They never mourned for sin in a manner corresponding to the strong scripture declarations of its odious and hateful nature. 1829Lytton Disowned x, Let us not waste them in mourning over blighted hopes and severed hearts. 1875J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. iii. (1878) 12 We have, then, not a past to mourn for, but a future to win.
c. To utter lamentations to some one. rare.
1533Gau Richt Vay (S.T.S.) 5 Bot ane chrissine prayer is quhen ane man prais and murnis inuertlie in his hart to god efter his help. 1704Pope Pastorals, Autumn 21 Far from Delia, to the winds I mourn. 1742Gray Sonnet Death R. West 13, I fruitless mourn to him that cannot hear.
†d. Of animals: To pine. Obs.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 169 b, The Pigion..mourneth, if she be restrained of her liberty. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 631 The cattell mourned for want of milkers. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Rabbit, [The female rabbits] will otherwise mourn, and hardly bring up their Young. 1784Cowper Task v. 27 The cattle mourn in corners where the fence Screens them [from the cold].
e. fig. Of a plant or flower. † Also, in gardening language, to droop, hang down.
1626Bacon Sylva §493 Mary-golds..and indeed most Flowers, doe open or spread their Leaues abroad, when the Sunne shineth serene and faire;..They reioyce at the presence of the Sunne; and mourne at the absence thereof. 1798Trans. Soc. Arts XVI. 164 And by being dryer, the plants did not mourn so much as the others when the weather was wet. a1832‘B. Cornwall’ Eng. Songs 3 The weed mourns on the castle wall.
2. esp. To lament the death of some one. Const. for.
a1300Cursor M. 23984 Clething wil i me tak o care..And murn wit hir þat him [sc. Christ] bar. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 20 Of his body was no force, non for him wild murne. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 796 Than schir Spynagros..Murnyt for schir Gawyne. 1535Coverdale 2 Chron. xxxv. 24 All Iuda and Ierusalem mourned for Iosias. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. York i, Nor yet to mourne, for this my sonne is dead. 1601Shakes. All's Well iv. iii. 102, I haue..buried a wife, mourn'd for her [etc.]. c1611Chapman Iliad vii. 357 Priam commanded none should mourne, but in still silence yeeld Their honord carkasses to fire, and onely grieue in heart. 1695Prior Ode Queen's Death iii, For Her the Wise and Great shall mourn. 1756C. Smart tr. Horace, Art P. (1826) II. 351 Those who mourn at funerals for pay, do and say more than those that are afflicted from their hearts. 1822Shelley Chas. I, v. 10 A widow bird sate mourning for her love Upon a wintry bough. 1849Tennyson In Mem. ix. 5 So draw him home to those that mourn In vain. 1881Besant & Rice Chapl. Fleet I. 3 The people listen, now, to the solemn words of a service which seems spoken by the dead man himself to those who mourn.
b. To exhibit the conventional signs of grief for a period following the death of a person; esp. to wear mourning garments. † to mourn up: to complete the period of mourning.
1530Palsgr. 640/2, I morne for a deed man, I weare blacke garmentes, je porte le dueil. Yonder gentylman morneth, by lykelyhodde his father is deed. 1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. vi. vii. (1663) 239 Wherefore Numa ordained that such as mourned up before the day limited should offer a Cow..for an expiation. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen VI, i. i. 17 We mourne in black, why mourn we not in blood? Henry is dead, and neuer shall reuiue. 1661Heylin Hist. Ref. II. iii. §3. 69 A Levite that mourned might not serve or sing. 1717Pope Elegy Unfort. Lady 56 What tho' no friends in sable weeds appear, Grieve for an hour, perhaps, then mourn a year. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Mourning, The antient Spartan and Roman ladies mourned in white;..Kings and cardinals mourn in purple. 1737Whiston Josephus, Antiq. iv. v. §1 The people mourned for Aaron thirty days. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 250 When foreign princes died, he [Dk. of Monmouth] had mourned for them in the long purple cloak, which [etc.]. 1885H. Conway Family Affair xxvi, He knew that for all that had befallen she was mourning in mental sackcloth and ashes.
†3. To have a painful longing. Const. after; also to with inf. In OE. also to care for. Obs.
a1000Andreas 37 (Gr.) Hyᵹe wæs oncyrred, þæt hie ne murndan æfter mandreame. c1205Lay. 14369 He murnede ful swiðe to habben þat mæiden to wiue. a1225Ancr. R. 366 His deore spuse murnede so swuðe efter him þet heo wiðuten him nefde no delit i none þinge. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 518, I moorne as dooth a lamb after the tete.
4. To make a low inarticulate sound indicative of pain or grief. In literary use only of a dove (with mixture of sense 1); dial. = moan v.
1535Coverdale Isa. lix. 11 We roare all like Beeres, & mourne stil like doues. 1632Sherwood, To mourne or croo like a Doue, roucouler. 1822Shelley Fragm. Unfinished Drama 68 The dove mourned in the pine, Sad prophetess of sorrows not her own. 1881Oxfordsh. Gloss. Suppl., s.v., That poor baby do moorn.
II. trans.
5. To grieve or sorrow for (something); to lament, deplore, bewail, bemoan.
a1000Bi Manna Wyrdum 20 (Gr.) Sumne sceal.. murnan meotudᵹesceaft mode ᵹebysᵹad. 1586? C'tess Pembroke Clorinda 96 Thus do we weep and waile,..Mourning, in others, our own miseries. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. 298 To murne and Lament thair sinis. 1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 204 To mourne a Mischeefe that is past and gon, Is the next way to draw new mischiefe on. 1697Congreve Mourn. Bride iii. viii, All those Ills which thou so long hast mourn'd. 1713Addison Cato i. vi, Portius himself oft falls in tears before me, As if he mourn'd his rival's ill success. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam x. xliii, As near one lover's tomb Two gentle sisters mourn their desolation. 1900H. Lawson Over Shiprails 108 Finally he was left, the last of his tribe, to mourn his lot in solitude.
b. With clause as obj.
c1400Destr. Troy 6591 Then Menestaus mournyt, & mykell sorow hade, That Troilus, þe triet, was takyn of his hond. 1567Gude & Godlie Ball. (S.T.S.) 95 Thow sall not follow wickit mennis wayis, Nor zit murne that sinfull haif gude dayis. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 259 O if in blacke my Ladies browes be deckt, It mournes, that painting vsurping haire Should rauish doters with a false aspect. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam ii. xxxvi, She mourned that grace and power were thrown as food To the hyaena lust.
6. To lament, grieve, or sorrow for, to express grief for (someone dead, or someone's death).
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 306 Mournynge thy deth, after y⊇ custome of y⊇ iewes. 1586L. Bryskett Past. Aegl. Death Sidney 18 Now hath the pore turtle gon to school..To learne to mourne her lost make! 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. ii. 45 Here comes his Body, mourn'd by Marke Antony. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 760 As when a Father mourns His Children. 1685Dryden Thren. August. 372 The Muse that mourns him now his happy triumph sung. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 22 Dost thou mourn Philander's fate? 1805Scott Last Minstr. vi. xxiii, Soft is the note, and sad the lay, That mourns the lovely Rosabelle. 1863Woolner My Beautiful Lady 105 Thou mourn'd'st not most the vanished soul Which was my Lord's through thine. 1880M. E. Braddon Just as I am vi, She loved him dearly, and mourned him more deeply than any of us.
7. ‘To utter in a sorrowful manner’ (J.).
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 361 The Lion sighed deeply, and mourned forth a lamentable roaring. 1634Milton Comus 235 Where the love-lorn Nightingale Nightly to thee her sad Song mourneth well. 1819Keats Isabella xli, The Spirit mourn'd ‘Adieu!’ 1889W. S. Gilbert Gondoliers i. 14 Bury love that all condemn, And let the whirlwind mourn its requiem!
▪ IV. † mourn, v.2 Obs. rare.
[A perversion of the Fr. name for glanders (see mortechien), due to association with prec.]
intr. Only in to mourn of the chine: to suffer from glanders. Cf. mose v.
1590Greene Never too late (1600) 55 Well, this Louer..began..to mourne of the chine, and to hang the lip.
▪ V. mourn(e
obs. forms of morne n.1, mourn. |