| 释义 |
▪ I. Moravian, n.1 and a.1|mɒˈreɪvɪən|
[f. med.L. Moravia Moray (ad. Gael. Muireibh) + -an.]
A. n. An inhabitant of Moray (in early use, one of the great divisions of Scotland; subsequently, a county occupying part of the territory formerly so named).
1577–87Holinshed Hist. Scot. 52/2 When they were thus assembled, Britains, Scots, Picts, & Morauians on one part, and Romans..on the other. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 191 A striking difference between the Moravians and Aberdonians appears. 1836Skene Highlanders Scot. (1902) II. vi. 282 He easily succeeded in exciting the Moravians once more to revolt.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to Moray.
1897C. Rampini Hist. Moray & Nairn i. 43 No period of Moravian history is more obscure than that which followed the accession of Malcolm Ceannmor.
▪ II. Moravian, n.2 and a.2|mɒˈreɪvɪən|
[f. Moravia (med.L., f. Morava the river March), the English name of a portion of the former Austro-Hungarian empire, called in Ger. Mähren (now part of Czechoslovakia): see -an.]
A. n.
1. An inhabitant of Moravia.
1555[see Lusatian n. and a.]. 1611Coryat Crudities sig. B1 A Noble Scholler..George Haunschildt of Furstenfeldt, a Morauian. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. V. 554 That..land was loosely occupied by the Moravians, a Sclavonian name and tribe. 1847[see Zechian].
2. A member or adherent of the ‘Unity of Moravian brethren’, a Protestant sect, founded early in the 18th c. in Saxony by emigrants from Moravia, and continuing the tradition of the Unitas Fratrum, a body holding Hussite doctrines, which had its chief seat in Moravia and Bohemia.
The virtual founder of the body was Count Zinzendorf, who was the patron of the Moravian refugees, and embraced their doctrines. The Moravians early obtained many adherents in England and the American colonies.
1746Wesley Princ. Methodist 10 There needs a little farther Proof, that I charge any dreadful Crimes on the Body of the Moravians. 1760Ann. Reg. 108 Died.., in the 60th year of his age, Count Nicholas Lewis of Zinzendorff, founder and head of the sect of Moravians. 1777Johnson 28 June in Boswell Life (1816) III. 130 He had a Moravian with him much of his time. 1809Byron Bards & Rev. 323 Moravians rise! bestow some meet reward On dull devotion. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl., Moravians, a sect of dissenters, who, on account of conscientious scruples, are permitted, in lieu of an oath, to make a solemn affirmation in courts of justice. 1871Longfellow in Life (1891) III. 173 Meditating a third play,..the scene to be among the Moravians at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
B. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to Moravia.
1616B. Jonson Epigr. cvii. To Captain Hungry, Fill them full Of your Morauian horse, Venetian bull. 1837Youatt Sheep v. 139 The Moravian sheep are larger.
2. Of or belonging to the sect of Moravians.
1739W. Stephens Jrnl. 22 Aug. in Colonial Rec. Georgia (1906) IV. 393 An heavy Complaint being exhibited against the Moravian Brethren. 1745Wesley Answ. to Ch. 5, I have scarce heard one Moravian Brother own his Church to be wrong in any thing. 1777J. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 236 The Moravian mills in New Jersey. 1876L. Stephen Eng. Th. in 18th C. I. vii. 351 He [Warburton] calls the Moravian hymn book ‘a heap of blasphemous and beastly nonsense’.
Hence Moˈravianism, the religious system of the Moravians; Moˈravianized ppl. a., influenced by Moravianism.
1820Southey Wesley I. 344 The Areopagite was a favourite book among the Moravianized members. 1829Bentham Justice & Cod. Petit., Abr. Petit. Justice 21 Of Quakerism or Moravianism declaration can no longer serve. 1888Schaff Hist. Chr. Ch. VI. vii. xcix. 598 Frederick the Great had as little sympathy with pietism and Moravianism as with Lutheranism and Calvinism. |