| 释义 |
▪ I. property, n.|ˈprɒpətɪ|
Forms: α. 4–6 proprete, -tee, -tie (6 -ty); 4–6 properte, (4–5 -ur-, -yr-, 4–6 -ir-, 5–6 -ar-; 4–5 -tee, 4–6 -te, 5 -ty, 5–6 -tie), 5–7 propertie (5–6 -tee, 6–7 -tye), 6– property. β. 4 proprite, 5 propryte, -tee (6 -tye).
[ME. proprete, app. ME. or AF. modification of OF. proprieté (12th c. in Littré), ad. L. proprietāt-em, n. of quality from proprius own, proper. The β form proprite corresponds to a F. dial. form propritei cited of 1292 in Godef. Compl. The F. propreté, which corresponds exactly to ME. propreté, is not cited before 17th c., and is viewed by Hatz.-Darm. as directly f. propre adj. + -té. All the forms are ultimately French or Eng. representations of the L. word (whence propriety) with or without conformation to the adj. propre, proper.]
1. The condition of being owned by or belonging to some person or persons (cf. proper a. 1); hence, the fact of owning a thing; the holding of something as one's own; the right (esp. the exclusive right) to the possession, use, or disposal of anything (usually of a tangible material thing); ownership, proprietorship; = propriety n. 1.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 317 Þe cite of Beedleem was Daviþis bi sum propirte. 1390Gower Conf. I. 357 Whan that a riche worthi king,..Wol axe and cleyme proprete In thing to which he hath no riht. 1489Paston Lett. III. 349 Tyll it myth be undyrstond wedyr the propyrte ware in the Kyng or in my lord. 1582Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 501 Landis..pertening to the said David, Erll of Craufurd,..in propertie and tenandrie. 1641Termes de la Ley 226 Propertie is the highest right that a man hath or can have to any thing, which no way dependeth upon another mans curtesie. 1690Locke Govt. i. iv. §42 God..has given no one of his Children such a Property in his peculiar Portion of the Things of this World. 1713Treaty of Utrecht in Magens Insurances (1755) II. 501 Sea-letters or Passports, expressing the Name, Property and Bulk of the Ship. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. x. 190 The right of possession (though it carries with it a strong presumption) is not always conclusive evidence of the right of property, which may still subsist in another man. 1838T. Drummond Let. to Tipperary Magistrates 18 Apr., in B. O'Brien Life (1889) 284 Property has its duties as well as its rights. 1876Digby Real Prop. x. §1. 374 Rights of property or ownership over land, meaning by property or ownership the enjoyment of those indefinite rights of user over land by virtue of which in ordinary language a person is entitled to speak of land as his property.
fig.1601Shakes. Phœnix & Turtle 37 Either was the others mine. Propertie was thus appalled, That the selfe was not the same: Single Natures double name, Neither two nor one was called. [? = Either was claimed by the other as ‘Mine’. Ownership was thus dismayed. (But Schmidt takes ‘property’ here as = ‘particularity, individuality’.)]
2. a. That which one owns; a thing or things belonging to or owned by some person or persons; a possession (usually material), or possessions collectively; (one's) wealth or goods. (In quots. 1456, 1526, private as distinguished from common property.) Also fig.
(Comparatively few examples before 17th c.)
13..Cursor M. 28389 (Cott.) And haue i tan bath aght and fe O þam þat had na propurte. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. xlii. 113 Þat þou mowe be dispoiled of all maner propirte. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 14 They..had no property, but all was in commune. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 597 A King, Vpon whose property, and most deere life, A damn'd defeate was made. 1690Locke Govt. ii. ix. §123 He..is willing to join in Society with others..for the mutual Preservation of their Lives, Liberties and Estates, which I call by the general Name, Property. 1758Johnson Idler No. 14 ⁋3 Time therefore ought, above all other kinds of property, to be free from invasion. c1796T. Twining Trav. Amer. (1894) 33 She was the property, I understood, of Mr. Francis, who had bought her some time before. 1804E. de Acton Tale without Title I. 13 The sole disposal of a property to the amount of a hundred thousand pounds. 1838Fonblanque in Life & Labours (1874) 290 In 1838..the personal property of 24 English Bishops who had died within the last 20 years amounted to {pstlg}1.649.000. 1849Cobden in Morley Life xviii. (1902) 67/2 Real property always falls in value in the vicinity of barracks. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §4. 304 The printing press was making letters the common property of all.
b. A piece of land owned; a landed estate.
1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xx. 366 They..had their properties set apart for them. 1792A. Young Trav. France 411 Small properties, much divided, prove the greatest source of misery that can be conceived. 1885Truth 28 May 835/1 Lord Eldon..possessed one considerable property in Durham, and another in Dorset.
†c. ? Something belonging to a thing; an appurtenance; an adjunct. Obs.
a1350Exalt. Cross 58 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 128 Also ȝit gert he mak þarin Propirtese by preue gyn. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon Ms. I. 493 Þe propertes of nature Redi to þe þei be [L. Comoda nature nullo tibi tempore deerunt]. a1661Fuller Worthies, Herefordsh. (1662) ii. 33 Many aged folk which in other countries are properties of the chimneyes, or confined to their beds, are here found in the feild as able..to work.
d. ellipt., shares or investments in property.
1964Financial Times 3 Mar. 19/5 There was a little more interest in Properties, sentiment being helped by last Friday's Gallup poll. 1977Evening Post (Nottingham) 24 Jan. 16/9 Properties ran into profit-taking with Haslemere 176p, MEPC 62p, Land Securities 161p, and Stock Conversion 161p on offer.
e. A person (esp. one engaged in show business) regarded as a commercial asset, esp. in phr. hot property (cf. hot a. 6 a, 9 b), a success or sensation, a ‘hit’. colloq.
1958J. Blish Case of Conscience xiv. 153 Signor Egtverchi is now a hot property... Suddenly..he is worth a lot of money. 1969Rolling Stone 28 June 22 The Hagers, potentially hot property, now have Record One. 1980M. Gilbert Death of Favourite Girl xii. 114 Katie was a big property by then and..naturally I was ready to talk about her.
3. Theatr. Any portable article, as an article of costume or furniture, used in acting a play; a stage requisite, appurtenance, or accessory. Chiefly pl.
c1425Cast. Persev. 132 in Macro Plays 81 Þese parcellis in propyrtes we purpose us to playe Þis day seuenenyt. 1578in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 303 Furnished in this office with sondrey garmentes & properties. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. i. ii. 108, I wil draw a bil of properties, such as our play wants. 1626Massinger Rom. Actor iv. ii, This cloak and hat, without Wearing a beard or other property, Will fit the person. 1748Whitehall Even. Post No. 371 To be Sold very cheap, Cloaths, Scenes, Properties, clean, and in very good Order. 1831Disraeli Yng. Duke iii. xix, They were excessively amused with the properties; and Lord Squib proposed they should dress themselves. 1881W. P. Lennox Plays, Players, etc. II. iii. 47, ‘I used it as a property’. ‘A what?’ interrupted the..magistrate.
†4. fig. A mere means to an end; an instrument, a tool, a cat's-paw. Obs.
1598Shakes. Merry W. iii. iv. 10 'Tis a thing impossible I should loue thee, but as a property. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xx. (1623) 965 That he was but a Puppet, or a property in the late tragical motion. 1667Decay Chr. Piety xii. ⁋1 Both religion..and those that fought for it, were only made properties to promote the lusts of those who despised both. 1764Low Life (ed. 3) 54 Hackney Coachmen..praying for rainy Weather, that they may make a Property of the People they carry in the Afternoon.
5. An attribute or quality belonging to a thing or person: in earlier use sometimes, an essential, special, or distinctive quality, a peculiarity; in later use often, a quality or characteristic in general (without reference to its essentialness or distinctiveness).
a. Of a thing or things.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10081 Y rede þe here how þe propertes are shewed, Þoghe þe langage be but lewed. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. xxi. (1495) d vij b/1 The wytte of gropyng hath this propryte, that he is [in] al þe partyes of the body, outake heer, nayles of fete and of hondes. c1470Henryson Mor. Fab. i. (Cock & Jasp) ix, This joly jasp had propirteis sevin: The first, of cullour it was meruellous. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2 b, The philosophers had suche..desyre to knowe the natures & propertees of thynges. 1551Turner Herbal i. A iv, In pontike wormwode is there no smalle astringent propertie. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 35 Though heat hath that killing property, yet it seems that cold hath not. 1777Priestley Matt. & Spir. (1782) I. xix. 218 Truth is only a property, and no substance whatever. 1831Brewster Nat. Magic i. (1833) 5 The property of lenses and mirrors to form erect and inverted images of objects. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. vii. xli. (1879) 241 It is one of the properties of a triangle that the three interior angles taken together are equal to two right angles.
†b. Of a person. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 138 Crist..telliþ þe heieste proprete þat falliþ to a good herde. 1494Fabyan Chron. ii. xxx. 22 Hauynge great experiences in hawkynge & huntynge and other properties apperteynynge to a Gentylman. 1556Olde Antichrist 70 b, The persone of Antichrist, his nature, disposicion,..and all his propreties. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xiii. 409 He hath this property of an honest man, that his word is as good as his hand. 1794Godwin Cal. Williams 313, I am sorry for your ill properties, but I entertain no enmity against you. 1821Scott Kenilw. xxi, One of whom..he knew no virtuous property.
†c. A peculiar or exclusive attribute; a quality belonging only to the being in question. Obs.
a1628Preston New Covt. (1634) 38 A man that hath excellent gifts and graces himselfe, he cannot convey them to another, but that is the propertie of God, that is peculiar to him alone. 1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. v. §13. 257 This is..to..take upon you the property of God, which is to know the hearts of men.
d. Logic. Reckoned as one of the predicables, q.v.: see quots. 1725, 1870.
1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 5 b, Propertie is a naturall pronenesse and maner of doing, which agreeth to one kind, and to the same onely, and that euermore. 1628T. Spencer Logick 62 Properties be not adjuncts: for, adiuncts doe outwardly befall the subiect... Properties..are necessary emanations from the principles of nature. 1725Watts Logic i. ii. §3 A secondary essential mode is any other attribute of a thing, which is not of primary consideration; this is called a property: sometimes indeed it goes toward making up the essence, especially of a complex being..; sometimes it depends upon, and follows from the essence of it; so volubility, or aptness to roll, is the property of a bowl, and is derived from its roundness. 1870Jevons Elem. Logic xii. (1880) 102 Property..may perhaps be best described as any quality which is common to the whole of a class, but is not necessary to mark out that class from other classes.
e. Linguistics. An intrinsic aspect or function.
1953C. E. Bazell Linguistic Form iii. 38 The acoustic and articulatory property-complexes are ‘genuine’ aspects of the phonemes. 1962E. F. Haden et al. Resonance-Theory for Linguistics iv. 49 Every entity in language has a Property and a Form... The Property of each entity is internal to it, corresponding to its function in the complex of which it is a part. 1965N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax iv. 160 In any given linguistic system lexical entries enter into intrinsic semantic relations of a much more systematic sort than is suggested by what has been said so far. We might use the term ‘field properties’ to refer to these..aspects.
†6. Usually with the: The characteristic quality of a person or thing; hence, character, nature. Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3973 Who-so kan knowe þe properte, Enuyus man may lyknyd be To þe lawnes. c1400Destr. Troy 626 As the Roose in his Radness is Richest of floures,..So passis þi propurty perte wemen all. 14..in Babees Bk. (1868) 332 It is þe properte of A gentilmann To say the beste þat he cann. 1559Bk. Com. Prayer, Prayers Sev. Occas., O God, whose nature and propertie is euer to haue mercy, and to forgeue. 1563T. Hill Art Garden. (1593) 77 The Rue of propertie doth driue away al venemous beasts and wormes. 1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 10 It is the property of error to contradict it self. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Mark vi. 6 It is the property and practice of profane men, to take occasion..to dispise their persons, and to reject their doctrine.
†7. The quality of being proper or suitable; aptitude, fitness; the proper use or sense (of words). = propriety n. 5 b. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 353 Þat is good love of þe fire of charite, and is clepid benignitie by propirte of word. c1399Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 13 So hath the werre as ther no proprité. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xv, All kyndes of writyng must also be sought for; nat for the histories only, but also for the propretie of wordes, whiche communely do receiue theyr autoritie of noble autours. 1627W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 252 Which, though in large sense it may bee stiled Excommunication..yet, in property of speach, is not so. 1675H. Woolley Gentlewom. Comp. 54 The neatness and property of your Clothes... Property, I call a certain suitableness and convenience betwixt the Clothes and the Person. 1740Cheyne Regimen 136 With infinite Variety, Justness, and Property.
8. attrib. and Comb.
a. In sense 1 or 2, as property account, property-class, property developer, property-holder, property-interest, property-lawyer, property-market, property-owner, property right, property speculator, property-taxation, property value; property-based, property-holding, property-loving, property-owning, etc. adjs.; property bond, a share or bond in property; property mark, a mark indicating ownership; property qualification, a qualification for office (e.g. of a member of parliament), or for the exercise of a right (e.g. of voting), based on the possession of property to a certain amount; property tax, a direct tax levied on property.
1869Bradshaw's Railway Man. XXI. 417 Expended... *Property accounts—materials..[$]139,463. 1974Terminol. Managem. & Financial Accountancy (Inst. Cost & Managem. Accountants) 58 Real or property account, the record of an asset, (e.g. buildings, plant and equipment, cash, etc.).
1957K. A. Wittfogel Oriental Despotism 2 The modern *property-based system of industry. 1974tr. Wertheim's Evolution & Revolution 27 Only one of the filiation lines leads to social progress, namely the one passing through the ‘property-based’, ‘multicentered’, or..‘open’ society.
1970Daily Tel. 17 Jan. 22/3 The considerable expansion of property values since the war..is the great selling point for *property bonds, compared with other investment plans. 1972Accountant 12 Oct., Property bonds..reflect the value of the property owned by the property fund without being subject to the vagaries of the stock exchange.
1885Pall Mall G. 2 Feb. 6/2 A great deal had lately been said about the *property classes, and there had been a good deal of wild talk about property.
1970Harper's Bazaar Oct. 76/1 *Property developers..wreaked vandalism upon the cities and countryside of England. 1977M. Walker National Front v. 125 A property developer called Roy Bramwell.
1824Deb. Congress U.S. (1856) 18th Congress 1 Sess., App. ii. 3129 The memorial of the..*property-holders of the city of Baltimore. 1856Olmsted Slave States 179 A question so important to the property-holders of the State.
1906J. F. Rhodes Hist. U.S. VI. Pref. 5 The educated and *property-holding people of several States.
1822T. Mitchell Aristoph. II. 227 Isæus, the great *property-lawyer of the Athenians, assures us that this was a trick in very common practice at Athens.
1899Amer. Anthropologist Oct. 601 *Property marks are used very frequently by the Eskimo tribes of Alaska. They occur almost exclusively on weapons used in hunting, which, after being dispatched, remain in the bodies of large game.
1905Daily Chron. 20 May 3/5 Indications that the *property market is returning to the condition of healthy activity.
1865Harper's Mag. July 154/2 It is the nightmare of *property-owners. 1902Westm. Gaz. 2 June 2/1 Many..district councils are under the complete domination of cottage property owners. 1941W. Temple Citizen & Churchman v. 75 What are the rights of property-owners in respect of the property which they own? 1979C. E. Schorske Fin-de-Siècle Vienna ii. 46 The property owners of the inner city..feared the competition of vast new housing construction.
1923Spectator 19 May 837/2 It remains to state as clearly as may be what means lie ready to develop a *property-owning democracy. 1978Countryman LXXXIII. 37 (title of poem) Towards a property-owning democracy.
1807Deb. Congress U.S. 16 Nov. (1852) 916 The Constitution of the United States requires no *property qualification in the elected. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) IV. xxxii. 10 He raised the property qualification to twelve hundred thousand sesterces. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. viii. 126 All property qualifications of members of Parliament are now abolished. 1870Freeman Norm. Conq. (ed. 2) I. App. Q. 590 The strange notion..that a property qualification was needed for a seat in the Witenagemôt.
1942W. Temple Christianity & Social Order ii. 27 Men are sinful, so *property-rights are needed, not so much for the satisfaction of the rich as for the protection of the poor.
1968Listener 27 June 847/1 A friend likened it [sc. a vacuum cleaner] to a *property speculator's cocktail cabinet. a1974R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 46 Nobody in a Labour Cabinet is going to object to an action which is extremely popular outside London and which will only ruin property speculators.
1808in 57th Rep. R. Comm. Hist. Manuscripts 139 in Parl. Papers 1902 (Cd. 931) LIII. 1 How do the farmers with you talk of the *Property Tax? 1809H. More Cælebs I. x. 118 That abominable Property-tax makes me quite a beggar. 1978N.Y. Times 30 Mar. b6/3 The legislative leaders and Governor Carey agreed today to..offer low-income taxpayers, particularly the elderly, a property-tax protection program.
1844Cobden Let. 7 Dec. in Tregaskis' Catal. 16 Sept. (1901) 25/2 As a leaguer we must not take up the question of direct *property-taxation, but individually I go with you entirely.
1914Proc. 6th Nat. Conf. City Planning (U.S.) 102 Suddenly he finds his *property values injured..because someone has chosen to construct a small retail store. 1979V. S. Naipaul Bend in River vi. 109 The big recent rise in property values in the town.
b. In sense 3 (Theatr. and Cinemat.): (a) appositive, applied to any article (often an imitation) used as a property or stage accessory, as property broadsword, property cittern, property doll, property fowl; also, to a person who appears in a scene but takes no part in the action, as property boy, property child; so allusively property clerk; (b) ordinary attrib. and Comb., as property-maker, property manager, property truck, property wagon, property woman, property workshop; property-man, -master, a man who furnishes and has the charge of stage properties at a theatre; property-plot, a list of the properties required for a play; property-room, the room in which the properties are kept. See also property box 2.
1685Dryden Albion & Alb. iii. ii, The Saints advance, To fill the Dance, And the *Property Boys come in.
1898Westm. Gaz. 16 Feb. 2/1 It was like a man armed with a *property broadsword facing a master of fence.
1889J. Jefferson Autobiog. i. (1891) 3, I had seen many rehearsals,..having been taken on ‘in arms’ as a *property child.
1889W. S. Gilbert Foggerty's Fairy, etc. (1892) 145 We also shared a ‘*property’ clerk, who did nothing at all.
1895Pall Mall G. 2 Dec. 1/2 The man who can't eat a *property fowl is no actor.
1559in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 110 Wages of taylours, karvars, *propertie makers, wemen & other. 1582Ibid. 352 Property makers being Paynters the firste at iis the day.
1633Shirley Triumph of Peace 19 There rush in A Carpenter. A Paynter... A Feather-makers Wife. A *Property-Mans Wife. 1749W. R. Chetwood Hist. Stage 251 Property-man is the person that receives a bill from the prompter for what is necessary in every play; as purses, wine, suppers, poison [etc.]. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. 102 The religion of the day is a theatrical Sinai, where the thunders are supplied by the property man.
1959W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 121/2 *Property manager, the person responsible for obtaining, storing and supplying all the inanimate items required for a set.
1888Scribner's Mag. Oct. 440/2 While the *property-master and his men were fashioning the god Talepulka, the scenic artist had sketched and modelled the scenery of the opera.
1897Q. Rev. Oct. 349 Rant and frippery that befit a third-rate actor or a second-hand *property-monger.
1933P. Godfrey Back-Stage iv. 44 The *property-plot is a detailed list of every article of furniture and every other stage accessory used throughout the play.
1784J. Byng Torrington Diaries (1934) I. 176 In the *property room is a profusion of wigs, and truncheons. 1829H. Foote Compan. Theatres 38 In the line with the flies, over the auditory, are carpenters' shops, property-rooms, store⁓rooms, &c. 1858Lytton What will he do i. vi, She had left in the property-room of the theatre her robe of spangles and tinsel. 1885J. K. Jerome On the Stage 66 The dressing-rooms (two rows of wooden sheds) were situate over the property room, and were reached by means of a flight of steps.
1961Bowman & Ball Theatre Lang. 280 *Property truck, a wagon offstage on which properties can be placed until needed. 1963Movie May 19/3 He sat in the back of the property truck writing the ending.
1895McClure's Mag. V. 55/1 The baggage-wagons and the *property-wagons have stopped near the dressing-rooms.
1808Monthly Pantheon I. 692/2 His wife was (in the technical language of the theatre) a dresser and *property-woman. 1829H. Foote Compan. Theatres 38 Beneath it is the printing-office; and over it are *property workshops.
Add:[8.] [a.] property income certificate Stock Market (temporary), an investment unit entitling the holder to a share in the rental income of a property development; abbrev. PINC s.v. *P II. a.
1986Estates Gaz. 3 May 278/2 The unit to be held by investors and traded in the new market will be known as a *Property Income Certificate. 1986Daily Tel. 6 Aug. 19/7 The taxman has given his scheme, called property income certificates..at least half a nod of approval, by confirming its ‘tax transparency’. 1989Financial Times 15 July 4/3 The Pinc, the property income certificate, killed by the fact that the equity market does not value property as highly as the property industry.
▪ II. ˈproperty, v. Obs. or rare.
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To make a ‘property’ or tool of, to use for one's own ends, to exploit. Obs.
1595Shakes. John v. ii. 79, I am too high-borne to be propertied To be a..seruing-man, and Instrument To any Soueraigne State throughout the world. 1758Herald I. Ded. 5 There must..be a vast fund of stupidity amongst mankind, to make them..be continually property'd away for the interests of a few crafty leaders.
2. To make one's own property, to appropriate, to take or hold possession of.
1607Shakes. Timon i. i. 57 His large Fortune..Subdues and properties to his loue and tendance All sorts of hearts. 1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. i. x, A being like Emma—whose sentiments, whose character, are propertied by the one, one engrossing passion.
3. To imbue with a property or quality: see propertied 1. |