| 释义 |
▪ I. monograph, n.|ˈmɒnəgrɑːf, -græf|
[f. mono- + -graph.
The earlier word with this meaning was monography (= Fr. and Ger. monographie, still in use), which was discarded prob. because its formation suggested an abstract sense. (Cf. Eng. photograph and F. photographie.) Fr. has monographe n., writer of a monograph, and adj. (of a book) treating of one subject.]
1. Originally, in Natural History, a separate treatise on a single species, genus, or larger group of plants, animals, or minerals. (In this use often with const. of instead of the more usual on.) Hence, in later use, gen. a separate treatise on a single object or class of objects: in contradistinction to the general treatises in which this is dealt with as part of a wider subject.
1821tr. Decandolle & Sprengel's Elem. Philos. Plants iii. i. §6. 163 By a Monograph we understand a complete account of any one family, tribe, or genus, nothing being neglected which is necessary for a perfect knowledge of it. 1827Q. Jrnl. Sci. XXII. 39 By the frequent publication of monographs,..the science of natural history cannot but be essentially promoted. 1828–32Webster s.v., A monograph of violets in botany; a monograph of an Egyptian mummy. 1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. 77 On the subjects treated of, in the preceding five chapters, the student may consult..the monographs in Sir David Brewster's Encyclopædia. 1847Hardy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 5. 234 A Monograph of the Scottish species. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. Pref. (ed. 2) 7 The Channel Islands..deserve and require a monograph. 1876Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xiii. 237 Mr. Woodward's Monograph of Fossil Crustacea. 1880Athenæum 12 June 762 Monographs on Poe, Hawthorne [etc.].
¶2. Misused for monogram 2.
1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Legacy (1854) 24 A steel key..with some initials worked in a monograph in the handle. 1876Freeman Hist. & Arch. Sk. 49 On one of which [pillars] is a monograph out of which ingenious men have spelled the word ‘Theodoricus’.
▪ II. monograph, v.|ˈmɒnəgrɑːf, -æ-|
[f. monograph n.]
trans. To write or produce a monograph on; to treat or discuss in a monograph.
1876T. Gill in Harper's Mag. Jan. 229/2 Dr. H. Wood has monographed our fresh-water algæ. 1881Darwin Veg. Mould i. 8 The British species of Lumbricus have never been carefully monographed. a1887Hooker in Darwin's Life & Lett. I. 347 It was monographing the Barnacles that brought it about. 1890A. M. Clerke Syst. Stars 277 This extraordinary object..has been monographed, mapped, measured, figured and photographed. |