| 释义 |
mobilize, v.|ˈməʊbɪlaɪz|
[ad. F. mobiliser, f. mobile: see mobile a.]
1. a. trans. To render movable or capable of movement; to bring into circulation.
1838Globe 15 Jan. 2/2 They have ‘the masses’, they say. We believe they have, so far as those inorganic masses as yet have been—to borrow a French term—mobilised. 1864Realm 27 Apr. 3 Mobilise the riches of Austria (and Free Trade is in fact only movement—circulation—life) and [etc.]. 1868Pall Mall G. 24 Sept. 4 Either the Governor-General must give up his tours, or must take his Council with him. The real question at issue seems therefore to be not as to the healthiness of Calcutta, but whether the Supreme Council should be mobilized. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 259 Oil once deposited may be again mobilised and transferred to other capillaries.
b. Surg. To restore mobility to (an ankylosed bone); to free or detach so as to render more accessible.
1894O. Dodd tr. Politzer's Text-bk. Dis. Ear 318 The stapes is mobilized by means of a single or double hook inserted between the crura. 1914Rose & Carless Man. Surg. (ed. 9) xxxv. 1076 If a stone is lodged behind the second piece of the duodenum, it may be possible to manipulate it up, and make it accessible above the intestine; but otherwise the duodenum must be mobilized by dividing the peritoneum on its outer edge. 1953N.Y. State Jrnl. Med. LIII. 2653/1 The stapes was mobilized, and the hearing improved on the operating table. 1967G. M. Wyburn et al. Conc. Anat. iv. 121/2 Next the temporal lobes [of the brain] should be mobilised from the floor of the middle cranial fossa.
c. Sociol. To bring into circulation (hitherto unused social assets or energies).
1953K. W. Deutsch Nationalism & Social Communication vi. 100 Within any geographical setting and any population, economic, social, and technological developments mobilize individuals for relatively more intensive communication. Ibid., Population mobilized for mass communication. 1968A. Etzioni Active Society xv. 409 Two disparate organizations seem to mobilize a collectivity more effectively than one. 1968G. Myrdal in W. Ewald Environment & Change iv. xvi. 261 Their [sc. the lower strata of American society's] low rate of participation in elections, when they are not mobilized and exploited by the political machines.
2. Mil.
a. To prepare (an army) for active service. Also fig.
1853C. L. Brace Home Life Germany 256 When ever the army is to be prepared for war or mobilised, the Reserve step into their respective regiments again. 1871L. W. M. Lockhart Fair to See III. xxxiii. 100 A hundred times he had paraded the line of arguments he meant to employ, and the reserve which, in case of their failure, he held in readiness, and, so to speak, mobilised. 1951D. B. Truman Governmental Process ix. 271 The political party in the United States most commonly is a device for mobilizing votes.
absol.1873Borbstædt & Dwyer Franco-Ger. War viii. 170 It only requires a simple telegraphic order to mobilise..to set in perfectly harmonious movement the colossal machinery spread over the whole country.
b. intr. (for pass.). To undergo mobilization.
1878Ld. Wolseley in 19th Cent. Mar. 437 To fill its..stores, so that..its little army may be in a condition to mobilise. 1899Daily News 18 Dec. 5/2 The Seventh Division is to mobilise at Aldershot.
Hence ˈmobilized ppl. a., ˈmobilizing vbl. n.
1851Gallenga Italy 463 The mobilized national guard was to leave Milan for the camp. 1882H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. §515 In rude societies..the army is the mobilized community, and the community is the army at rest. 1899F. T. Bullen Way Navy 83 The signal was made, ‘Mobilised cruisers proceed independently to Portland’. 1913in W. S. Churchill World Crisis 1911–14 (1923) viii. 190 A very large staff would be employed at all the mobilizing centres to report upon the whole workings of the mobilization. 1953K. W. Deutsch Nationalism & Social Communication vi. 101 The rate of growth of the mobilized population..and the changes in its sociological level could all be calculated. 1968A. Etzioni Active Society xv. 408 Strains and conflicts among the organizational arms of any mobilizing collectivity should be ‘routine’ and expected. |