| 释义 |
▪ I. mobile, n.1|ˈməʊbɪl|
Also 6–7 mobil.
[a. F. mobile (in premier mobile, etc.), a. L. mōbile neut. of mōbilis: see mobile a.
The later examples with the spelling mobile were perh. intended by the writers for the Latin mōbile (in Eng. pronunciation ˈməʊbɪliː). A pronunciation |məʊˈbiːl| is indicated by the rime in quot. 1645 under 1.]
†1. first, grand, great, principal mobile, anglicized forms of primum mobile (lit. and fig.). Obs.
1549Compl. Scot. vi. 48 Al thir nyne speris or hauynis ar inclosit vitht in the tent spere, quhilk is callit the fyrst mobil. c1645Howell Lett. v. (1650) 150 Thou First Mobile, Which makst all wheel In circle round. 1652Urquhart Jewel Wks. (1834) 249 There be some that have been pretty well principled,..yet seeing the great mobil of the rest, by circumvolving them into a contrary motion, hath retarded their action [etc.]. 1704Collect Voy. (Churchill) III. 32/2 This Wind proceeds from the Course of the first Mobile. a1797M. Wollstonecraft Posth. Wks. IV. lxvii. 3 A world in which self-interest..is the principal mobile. Ibid., Let. Pres. Char. Fr. Nation 45, I begin to fear that vice, or, if you will, evil, is the grand mobile of action.
2. Metaphysics. A body in motion or capable of movement. Now rare.
a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. iv. ii. 292 Motion, whose Measure Time was, had a beginning, before which it was not; because no Mobile was more ancient than the beginning of Time. 1685Boyle Enq. Notion Nat. 355 The [Immaterial] Agent having no impenetrable Part, wherewith to impell the Corporeal Mobile. 1875Lewes Probl. Life & Mind Ser. i. II. iv. iii. §45. 279 There can be no direction, distance, dimension, unless a mobile moves in that direction, and a sensation appreciates it.
▪ II. mobile, n.2 arch.|ˈməʊbɪliː|
Also 7 mobele, 7–8 mobilee.
[Shortened form of L. mōbile vulgus the movable or excitable crowd.]
The common people; the populace, rabble, mob.
[1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 67 There followeth..another deuice plotted of purpose to make it seeme meet to the ignorant multitude..(for note this, that popularitie is the rouer they ayme at in all their proceedings, the mobile vulgus being euer wauering and readiest to run vpon euery change).] 1676Shadwell Libertine v. 81 D. Lop. D' hear that noise? the remaining Rogues have rais'd the Mobile, and are coming upon us... Enter two Shepherds, with a great Rabble. 1679in Verney Fam. Memoirs Nov. (1899) IV. vii. 259 Y⊇ mobele was very rud to y⊇ Dutch Imbasidor & his wife. 1683Hickeringill Hist. Whiggism Wks. 1716 I. ii. 166 Dr. Lamb..(an Intimate and Friend to the Duke of Buckingham) was pull'd in pieces by the Mobile and Rabble. 1686Sir J. Lauder (Fountainhall) Hist. Notices Sc. Affairs (Bannatyne Cl.) 705 The Privy Councell..repreived them..for they thought not fit to irritat the mobilee too much. 1688W. Longueville in Hatton Corr. (Camden) II. 99 The mobile has been very turbulent hereabouts. 1701De Foe True-born Eng. Misc. (1703) 34 He grants a Jubilee, And hires Huzza's from his own Mobilee. 1830N. S. Wheaton Jrnl. 271 The mobile were fast gathering.
▪ III. mobile, n.3|ˈməʊbaɪl|
[Subst. use of mobile a.]
1. a. Also with pronunc. |ˈməʊbiːl|. A form of decoration consisting usu. of abstract designs in metal, plastic, etc., contrived (as by suspension) so as to be mobile. Cf. stabile n.
[1936P. Nash in Archit. Rev. LXXX. 208/3 Shadows bring us to Calder, who is..so far as I know, the original inventor of mobile sculpture and so, also, of the ‘objet mobile’. The mobile object is not now confined to Calder's invention; both Max Ernst and Duchamp have made various pieces of this nature.] 1949Ibid. CVI. 117 Alexander Calder's work on the ‘stabile’ is not as well known in England as is his work on the now well established ‘mobile’. In fact Calder has always done ‘still’ sculpture, and the term stabile, given to it by Hans Arp, appears to be some months older than the name mobile, which was invented by Marcel Duchamp. 1952Granta 29 Nov. 8/1 We find it agreeable..to hang pastel-tinted antlers on the wall near a mobile. 1957Times 18 Nov. 11/1 Mobiles at Heal's include a life-size black cat, and a cut-out set of small figures costs from 4s. and can be set up by children of about 10 years without help. 1958E. Dundy Dud Avocado i. ix. 156 He picked up a wire coat-hanger and some string and a couple of paint-brushes and a shoe, and started making them into a Mobile. 1971D. D. Boyden Introd. Mus. (ed. 2) 524 Someone has aptly noted that chance music is rather like the mobiles of Calder. 1972Sci. Amer. Mar. 76/1 They were shown an arrangement of three colored geometrical objects in a ‘mobile’.
b. transf. and fig., esp. in Mus. (see quot. 1967).
1961Punch 11 Jan. 116/3 Admirers of the hard, glittering mobiles constructed..by Stan Kenton may be pleased by Standards in Silhouette... A big, big band, making big, big sounds, in what was once a daringly experimental manner. 1967Listener 2 Feb. 176/3 The crystallization of these new formal principles was the ‘mobile’. It connotes a dynamic arrangement of musical thoughts in which several patterns are possible, depending on the decision of the interpreter... A ‘mobile’ is made up of finite (musical) thoughts of fairly conventional dimensions... As units they remain constant; but the arrangement of their sequence varies, subject to certain pre-compositional order. 1970‘J. Morris’ Candywine Devel. xvi. 184 Five electric guitars and a mobile of drums were backstopping a sleek, oxblood brown singer. 1971E. Borroff Mus. in Europe & U.S. xxvii. 656 Other works include..Symphonies (1955), for fifteen soloists; Mobile for two pianos 1958.
2. Short for: (a) mobile canteen; (b) (Austral. and N.Z.) mobile barrier; (c) mobile police.
1940New Statesman 9 Nov. 466/1 Go up and have a cup of tea at the mobile. 1969Australian 24 May 34/4 Fifth..over this trip and from behind the mobile here last week. 1971W. J. Burley Guilt Edged iv. 62 Control to all mobiles: keep look out for red Mini-Cooper saloon. 1974J. Gardner Corner Men ii. 14 Put out a call. There must be some mobiles around. We need them here.
▪ IV. mobile, a.|ˈməʊbaɪl, ˈməʊbɪl|
Forms: 5 mobyle, 6–7 mobil, 7– mobile.
[a. F. mobile, ad. L. mōbilis, f. mō-, movēre to move. Cf. moble a. and n.]
1. Capable of movement; movable; not fixed or stationary.
a. In various applications. Of the sight: Wandering, not steady. Of a star: Not fixed. mobile spirits, the ‘spirits’ by which the motor impulses were supposed to be transmitted to the muscles.
Now esp. used to distinguish transportable forms of facilities which are normally accommodated on a fixed site, as mobile hospital, mobile library, mobile shop, etc.
1490Caxton Eneydos xix. 71 Dydo..or euer that she coude saye ony thyng, as rauysshed helde her sighte all mobyle, wythout to areste it vpon one thynge of a long while. 1522Skelton Why not to Court? 522 Any star Fyxt or els mobil. 1649Bulwer Pathomyot. i. v. 23 The Motive Faculty by a wonderfull providence of Nature moves the mobile Spirits, and these moved, flie forth..to their destinated Organs. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Mobile, moveable; any thing susceptible of motion, or that is disposed to be moved either by itself, or by some other prior mobile, or mover. [Not in Johnson 1755.] 1927U.S. Daily 22 Nov. 2/3 Mobile stations must be established in such a way as to comply as concerns frequencies and types of waves, with the general provision of Article 5. 1935Discovery May 151/2 The treatment of patients far removed from the well-equipped hospitals, by means of mobile units complete with laboratories. 1937Archit. Rev. LXXXI. 19 (caption) A mobile sculpture by Alexander Calder. 1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 122/1 Mobile recording vans with a new method of editing records made it possible to broadcast composite sound records of events only a few minutes after their occurrence. 1940Economist 5 Oct. 422/2 Cooking facilities have been provided by the L.C.C. Some mobile kitchens are at work. 1940New Statesman 5 Oct. 321/2 Feeding centres and mobile canteens. 1955Radio Times 22 Apr. 11/3 Franklin Engelmannn with a BBC mobile recording unit visits Dudley to meet local people. 1959Economist 14 Mar. 991/1 Mobile shops have more than doubled in number since the war, and are still taking extra trade on to the roads at the rate of perhaps fifteen a week. 1960Library Assoc. Rec. Aug. 262/2 Mobile library, a vehicle devised, equipped and operated to provide, as far as reasonably practicable, a service comparable to a part-time branch library. 1961L. D. Stamp Gloss. Geogr. Terms 258/1 Mobile or footloose industries, broadly those generally called ‘light’. 1962Economist 17 Nov. 665/3 The mobile lounges will not only provide transport..between the terminal and the parked aircraft but will also serve as waiting rooms. 1971Guardian 10 June 1/1 A 22-bed mobile hospital..was among the supplies which left for Calcutta. 1974Camping & Caravanning Sept. 15/1 Fees 30p per unit per night, C.C.Y. 5p. Mobile shop. Walking distance of beach.
b. Of a limb, an organ of the body: Movable, not fixed, ‘free’.
1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 133 The Nine-banded Armadillo..body with seven, eight, or nine mobile bands. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 579 The lower [region of the nose], which is less firm, but mobile, allows the apertures of the nostrils to be contracted, widened, or even closed. 1874Wood Nat. Hist. 285 The hind toe of each foot is very mobile. 1881J. Hawthorne Fort. Fool i. iii, A hawk circling high in air, with steady wings and mobile, down-looking head.
c. Of a liquid, etc.: That has its particles capable of free movement.
1851Nichol Archit. Heav. 101 Streams of matter internally mobile. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea (Low) i. §27 Like all fluids they are mobile. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 56 The mobile liquid passes into a compact rigid solid. 1880Bastian Brain 9 The coming into contact of a fragment of organic matter with projected portions of the substance of an Amœba is followed by the closure of this mobile substance round it.
d. Of a cell, molecule, etc.: Capable of separate movement, ‘free’; not adnate or fixed.
1871T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (1873) 102 It is the mobile cells which are principally concerned. These cells are the most active. 1877E. R. Conder Bas. Faith ii. 89 Yet no less a task is laid upon the mobile molecules, momentarily renewed, momentarily perishing, of the brain.
e. mobile spasm, ‘Gower's term for the slow and irregular movements that occur in the extremities after hemiplegia’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1891).
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 338. Ibid. 735 The peculiar mobile spasm known as athetosis.
f. Sociol. Of a person: able to move into different social levels, or a different environment or field of employment. Of a society: not rigidly stratified, in which upward or downward movement between social levels can take place, and also movement between fields of employment, etc., within the same social level.
1927P. A. Sorokin Social Mobility ii. vii. 138 Such a type of social stratification may be styled open, plastic, penetrable, or mobile. Ibid. v. xvii. 427 Unskilled labor is more mobile than skilled labor. 1940K. Mannheim Man & Society ii. vi. 93 The significance of the mobile elements in social and cultural life. 1945C. W. Mills in Jrnl. Econ. Hist. V. Suppl. v. 39 For laissez faire, the pattern of success might involve a larger proportion of upwardly mobile persons. 1959V. Packard Status Seekers (1960) xviii. 256 Many socially declining or downward-mobile people turn to alcohol or drugs for support.
g. Philol. = movable a. 7 b.
1955T. Burrow Sanskrit Lang. iii. 80 The so-called mobile s. Indo-European s when it formed the first member of an initial consonant group, was an unstable sound, and liable to disappear under conditions which it has not been possible accurately to define. 1965G. Y. Shevelov Prehist. of Slavic 230 The mobile consonants, i.e. consonants sometimes used, sometimes dropped on word boundaries... n-mobile..s-mobile... Problem of k-mobile.
h. Special collocations: as, mobile barrier Austral. and N.Z., in Trotting, a foldable barrier designed to facilitate a flying start; mobile home, a large caravan permanently parked and used as a residence.
1965Weekly News (Auckland) 8 Dec. 59/1 The controversy that is developing over the use of the mobile barrier in trotting.
1954N.Y. Herald Tribune Bk. Rev. 13 June 12 Books pertaining to trailer houses—or mobile homes—published within the last five years. 1961Daily Tel. 22 Nov. 17/4 Mobile homes for 1,200 families could be provided on 300 vacant sites in London. 1969Eugene (Oregon) Register-Guard 3 Dec. 5D/1 Mobile homes—the things people used to call trailer houses. 1973People's Jrnl. (Inverness & Northern Counties ed.) 1 Dec. 22/5 Mobile Home, Coats Caravans. 32 ft. × 9 ft. 6 in. Astral Mobile Home. Double End Bedroom, Bathroom, Kitchen and Lounge. Solid Fuel Fire. {pstlg}895.
2. Characterized by facility of movement.
a. Of features: That easily change in expression.
1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. i. 798 And brows that with a mobile life contrive A deeper shadow. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §4. 309 The thin mobile lips..picture the inner soul of the man. 1878Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. xxxii, As much astonishment as discipline would allow, expressed upon a not remarkably mobile set of features. a1880C. T. Newton Art & Archæol. iii. 79 In the Ephesian heads, the eye appears rather as if seen through a slit in the skin than as if set within the guard of highly sensitive and mobile lids.
b. Of a person, his mind, etc.: That turns or is turned easily from one thing to another; wanting in stability of purpose; also, in favourable sense, versatile.
1853Mill in Edin. Rev. XCVIII. 432 They [sc. the Athenians] were not fickle, but (a very different quality, vulgarly confounded with it) mobile; keenly susceptible..to the feeling and impression of the moment. 1855Lewes Goethe (1864) 127 Nor will this surprise those who have considered the mobile nature of our poet. 1860Hawthorne Marble Faun (1879) I. ix. 89 This idea filled her mobile imagination with agreeable fantasies. 1866Cornh. Mag. Oct. 465 [Art. Naval Men] The very nature of his work..makes an off-hand, free-spoken, decisive, and yet mobile man of him. 1867Mill Subj. Women (1869) 117 Women's minds are by nature more mobile than those of men, less capable of persisting long in the same continuous effort. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. v. 187 His imagination is more intense and less mobile.
c. rarely of a visible object: Constantly in motion.
1882Stevenson New Arab. Nts. (1884) 145 In the mobile light of the lantern.
3. Mil. Of troops, etc.: That may be easily and rapidly moved from place to place. Also of police.
1879A. G. F. Griffiths Eng. Army iv. 107–8 Wheeled vehicles are not sufficiently mobile to conform to the rapid movement of active troops. 1897Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 5/1 A mobile army of upwards of 25,000 men. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad i. 11 The Flying Squad has about twenty cars, and they are very different cars to those of the Mobile Police. 1955Radio Times 22 Apr. 13/3 The Police. A series of eight talks. 7. Beats and Mobile Patrols. 1967N. Lucas C.I.D. vi. 78 The new mobile patrol toured the streets with the hidden detectives scanning..the crowds. |