| 释义 |
anticipation|ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən|
[ad. L. anticipātiōn-em, n. of action f. anticipāre (see anticipate); or perh. a. Fr. anticipation, 16th c. in Littré.]
1. The action of taking into possession, actually or virtually, beforehand; the using of money before it is at one's disposal; the sum so dealt with in advance.
1548Hall Chron. 672 This payment was called an Anticipation, which is to say a thing taken, or a thing commyng before his tyme. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. I. ii. 115 Had drawn assignments and anticipations upon the Revenue. 1691Luttrell Brief Rel. II. 317 To speake to the lords of the treasury to give an account of all tallies of anticipation that are struck. 1769Burke Pres. St. Nat. Wks. II. 107 This deficiency arises..from anticipation and from defective produce. 1858Ld. St. Leonard's Property Law xvii. 118 Although she [a married woman] is restrained from anticipation by the settlement.
2. Prior action that meets beforehand, provides for, or precludes the action of another.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. 100 Anticipacion is when we prevent those wordes that another would saie, and disprove them as untrue. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 304 So shall my anticipation preuent your discouery. 1815Sir J. Mackintosh Sp. (27 Apr.) Wks. 1846 III. 342 Those whose flagitious policy they had by anticipation condemned. 1879Froude Cæsar xv. 230 In anticipation of a riot the temples on the Forum were occupied with guards.
3. Assignment to too early a time; hence, observance in advance of the proper time.
1774J. Bryant Mythol. II. 106 Guilty of an unpardonable anticipation, in ascribing those conquests to the first king of the country. c1854Stanley Sinai & Pal. xiv. (1858) 464 Easter Eve, which by a strange anticipation..eclipses Easter Sunday.
4. Occurrence in advance of the expected time; ellipt. the amount of such earlier occurrence. Obs. in general sense.
1556Recorde Cast. Knowl. 277 The anticipation of the Equinoctiall tearmes. 1588A. King Canisius' Catech. H j, Y⊇ anticipation being substractit. a1697Holder (J.) The golden number gives the new moon four days too late by reason of the aforesaid anticipation.
b. Med. (See quot.)
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Anticipation, in a medicinal sense, may be understood of those diseases, which, having their accesses and remissions at stated hours, gain in point of time, and finish their period sooner than ordinary. 1853Mayne Exp. Lex., Anticipation, The occurrence of certain phenomena, morbid or natural, before the customary period.
c. Music. The introduction beforehand of part of a chord which is about to follow.
1819Pantol., Anticipation, in music, is when a diminutive note lies between two other notes, and was invented with a view to vary the melody without altering the intention. 1880Pole in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 73/2 Beethoven has many striking examples of anticipation.
5. Intuitive preconception; à priori knowledge, intuition; precognition, presentiment.
1549Latimer 7 Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 47 Y⊇ Ethenickes, who wrought onely by naturall mocion and anticipations. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. II. 576 By these anticipations they understande those principles of knowledge and naturall informations, which..wee have not learned of any masters. 1860Abp. Thomson Laws of Th. §115 (ed. 5) 229 Anticipation..is the power of penetrating into the secrets of nature before the evidence is unfolded.
†6. The formation of opinions before examining the evidence; prepossession, prejudice. Obs.
1640Sanderson 21 Serm. Ad Aul. xi. (1673) 160 Education and Custom commonly layeth such strong anticipations upon the judgment. a1704Locke Cond. Underst. §25 (R.) Men give themselves up to the first anticipations of their mind. 1711Shaftesbury Charact. (1737) III. iv. ii. 214 We cannot resist our natural Anticipation in behalf of Nature.
7. The action of representing to oneself or realizing a thing before it occurs; apprehension beforehand, preconception.
1711Shaftesbury Charac. III. 336 The Anticipation of high Titles, Honours, and nominal Dignitys..may not prove beneficial or advantageous in the end. a1764R. Lloyd Milk-Maid Wks. II. 51 And when the thoughts on evil pore, Anticipation makes it more. 1816Jane Austen Emma i. xi. 77 First in anticipation and then in reality it became henceforth the chief object of interest.
8. The action of looking forward to, expectation.
1809Coleridge Friend iv. (1837) I. 198 Had I not soothed my solitary toils with the anticipation of many readers. 1830Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life I. ix. 342 We are in such a state of excitement in anticipation of political news. 1841Brewster Mart. Sc. vi. (1856) 83 Looked forward to the arrival of her Father with the most affectionate anticipations. |