| 释义 |
▪ I. microscope, n.|ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp|
Also 7 mycroscop(e.
[ad. mod.L. mīcroscopium, f. Gr. µῑκρό-ς small + σκοπ-εῖν to look, see: see -scope. Cf. F. microscope, Sp. microscópio, It. microscopio, G. mikroskop.]
1. a. An optical instrument, consisting of a lens or a combination of suitably adjusted lenses, (or, rarely, also of mirrors) by which objects are so magnified that details indistinct or invisible to the naked eye are clearly revealed.
1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. i. iv. xxvii. 332 There are now such Microscopes..that the things we see with them appear a hundred thousand times bigger, then they would do if we looked upon them with our bare Eyes. 1662S. P. New Sect Latitude-men 21 The severall discoveries we are beholden to the new invented microscope for. 1678Depos. Cast. York (Surtees) 233 Polishing glasses for prospectives, and spectackles and mycroscops. 1706Reflex. upon Ridicule 244 The effects of prejudice..are the same with those of microscopes. 1831Brewster Optics v. 51 When such a lens is used to magnify the magnified image produced by another lens, the two lenses together constitute a compound microscope.
attrib.1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxix. 193 Till..they may first enter the range of the microscope-aided eye. 1875Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. (1877) 247 Microscope-needle. 1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. x. (ed. 4) 431 An Abbe's or other condenser adjusted movably to the microscope-stand.
b. lucernal microscope, solar microscope, oxy-hydrogen microscopes: instruments of the nature of the magic lantern, in which the illumination employed comes from a lamp, the sun, and an oxy-hydrogen lime-light respectively.
1740H. Baker in Phil. Trans. XLI. 516 The Solar or Camera Obscura Microscope, and the Microscope for opake objects. 1787G. Adams Ess. Microscope 65 This [lucernal] microscope was originally thought of, and in part executed by my father. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XI. 725 The improved lucernal microscope. 1839Penny Cycl. XV. 188/2 A few achromatic glasses for oxy-hydrogen microscopes have been made. 1845Encycl. Metrop. III. 470/2 The solar microscope differs entirely..from those above described.
c. An instrument analogous to an optical microscope in function but employing radiation other than visible light (e.g. electrons or X-rays). (Cf. electron microscope s.v. electron2 2 b.)
1927G. L. Clark Appl. X-Rays i. 5 The ultraviolet microscope..discloses a fine structure which appears perfectly homogeneous under visible light rays. 1939Electronics & Television & Short-Wave World XII. 637/3 The electron source..might be made completely independent from the microscope. 1957Duncomb & Cosslett in V. E. Cosslett et al. X-ray Microsc. & Microradiogr. 374 The purpose of the microscope is to form a picture of a surface by its X-ray emission and to analyze the elements in a selected volume of about one cubic micron in the surface by the characteristic lines emitted. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. 346 Higher voltages on the microscope increase resolution, for a given section thickness, but reduce contrast. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VIII. 371/2 In the electron, proton, x-ray, and β-ray microscopes, the image is usually recorded on a fluorescent screen or is photographed.
2. transf. and fig.
1671Milton P.R. iv. 57 Many a fair Edifice..(so well I have dispos'd My Aery Microscope) thou may'st behold Outside and inside both. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 233 The critic Eye, that microscope of Wit, Sees hairs and pores, examines bit by bit. 1839–52Bailey Festus xiv. 162 Watching the thoughts of men and angels Through moral microscopes. 1903Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 7/1 The Board would work..under the microscope of a Committee of Censure.
3. Astron. (Also in mod.L. form microˈscopium.) A constellation south of Capricorn, introduced by Lacaille in 1752.
▪ II. microscope, v. rare.|ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp|
[f. microscope n.]
trans. a. To magnify. b. To scrutinize minutely. So ˈmicroscoping vbl. n., examination by microscope; ˈmicroscoped ppl. a., fig. microscopically selected.
1868G. H. Lewes Jrnl. 10 Jan. in Geo. Eliot Lett. (1956) IV. 416 With him I spent the greater part of the time at Bonn, discussing microscoping etc. 1888T. De W. Talmage in Voice (N.Y.) 6 Sept., He talked against you. He microscoped your faults. 1889J. M. Robertson Ess. Crit. Method 87 The specialist's literature of microscoped minutiae. 1896Mrs. Caffyn Quaker Grandmother 206 He looked much more likely to spring upon her unawares, and microscope her. 1919S. Paget Sir V. Horsley ii. i. 143 He..spoke his mind against that sort of pathology which hardly gets beyond the microscoping and exhibiting of diseased organs. |