| 释义 |
methodology|mɛθəˈdɒlədʒɪ|
[ad. mod.L. methodologia (J. F. Buddeus Isagoge, 1727) or F. méthodologie: see method n. and -logy.]
The science of method, ‘methodics’; a treatise or dissertation on method; Nat. Hist., systematic classification. Also, the study of the direction and implications of empirical research, or of the suitability of the techniques employed in it; also attrib.
In some contexts weakened to mean little more than ‘method’.
1800Med. Jrnl. III. 579 The first treats..of the methodology of medicine. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1818) III. 181 A very different school of methodology and philosophy than Paris could have afforded. 1835R. D. Thomson's Rec. Gen. Sci. II. 65 These divisions [sc. De Candolle's divisions of botanical science] are Organography..; Physiology..; Methodology [etc.]. 1837–8Sir W. Hamilton Logic (1866) III. iii. 56 Such treatises are..only methodologies of the art or science to which they relate. 1902Dial (Chicago) XXXII. 79/1 Bibliographical methodology (i.e. methods of compilation and recording). 1932W. E. D. Allen Hist. Georgian People vii. 91 Alp-Arslan and his commanders were tacticians who evolved a new methodology in mediæval Asiatic war. 1937T. Parsons Struct. Social Action ii. v. 178 (heading) The methodology and main analytical scheme. 1944F. Kaufmann Methodology of Social Sci. p. vii, A reconsideration of the problem how the logical analysis of scientific procedure (methodology) is related to deductive logic. 1949Shils & Finch tr. Weber's Methodology of Social Sci. iii. 114 The most significant achievements of specialist methodology use ‘ideal-typically’ constructed conceptions of the objectives. 1960Amer. Speech XXXV. 212 The authors tell too little about their methodology. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xxii. 343 So far, what we have considered is a straight simulation which does not give rise to any methodology difficulties. 1971World Archaeol. III. 210 The main challenge appears to be in establishing connections that bridge the methodologies of different fields of study. 1972Jrnl. Social Psychol. LXXXVII. 127 None of these methodologies have been extended into the realm of applied psychology. 1974Nature 22 Mar. 294/3 The interfacing of the two techniques..is discussed in depth together with the methodology of operating them together.
Hence methodoˈlogical a. [cf. mod.L. methodologicus (A. H. Francke, c 1720)], of or pertaining to methodology. methodoˈlogically adv., in a methodological manner or respect. methoˈdologist, one who treats method as a science.
1849Lankester tr. Schleiden's Sci. Bot. Pref., A Methodological Introduction. 1865Fraser's Mag. May 609 The French are miraculous methodologists. 1883American VI. 10 Lord Bacon was the first to call in question the doctrine of final causes. He did so only as a methodologist. 1895G. F. Moore Crit. & Exeget. Comm. Judges Introd. 26 It is methodologically an unreasonable demand [etc.]. 1897F. C. S. Schiller in Contemp. Rev. June 872 As a methodological device this was quite justifiable; every inquiry must begin somewhere, and Darwin chose to begin here. 1914B. Russell Our Knowl. External World viii. 238 It is necessary to practise methodological doubt, like Descartes, in order to loosen the hold of mental habits. 1937T. Parsons Struct. Social Action i. i. 23 These [assumptions] may lie in a number of different directions. But the ones to which special attention should now be called are the ‘methodological’. 1941J. C. Ransom New Crit. ii. 208 In my mind Dante's beliefs are very bold speculations at which the accusing finger has pointed steadily for a long time now, but substantively are better grounded, and methodologically far more consistent, than Shelley's beliefs. 1942Economica IX. 286 That he [sc. the social scientist] systematically starts from the concepts which guide individuals in their actions, is the characteristic feature of that methodological individualism which is closely connected with the subjectivism of the social sciences. 1949Shils & Finch tr. Weber's Methodology of Social Sci. iii. 113 The professional methodologist will take umbrage at many of Meyer's formulations. 1952K. R. Popper Open Society (ed. 2) I. iii. 31, I use the name methodological essentialism to characterize the view..that it is the task of pure knowledge or ‘science’ to discover and to describe the true nature of things, i.e. their hidden reality or essence. 1962F. Williams tr. Sartre's Imagination p. vi, This truism has some far-reaching methodological implications, however. 1964Gould & Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 425/2 The methodologist examines systematically and logically the aptness of all research tools, varying from basic assumptions to special research techniques, for the scientific purpose. Ibid. 471/1 Methodologically the term [sc. non-empirical] is used to describe all methods of acquiring belief other than those of positive science. 1965B. B. Wolman Scientific Psychol. 18 One form of this practice is an extreme and radical methodological reductionism. Instead of developing methods and concepts derived from human life, they imitate..physical science. 1969R. Blackburn in Cockburn & Blackburn Student Power 203 What is sometimes called ‘methodological individualism’ (the bourgeois doctrine that all statements about society can be reduced to statements about individuals) is a device for evading such facts as these. 1972Computers & Humanities VII. 86 When one kind of analysis is conveniently included in the package but a more methodologically sound analysis is not, inappropriate analysis may result. 1973Amer. Speech 1970 XLV. 124 Labov has led something of a methodological revolution. |