| 释义 |
▪ I. repetition1|rɛpɪˈtɪʃən|
Also 6 -icion, -icyon, Sc. -icioun, -itioun.
[a. OF. repeticion (mod.F. répétition) or ad. L. repetitiōn-em, n. of action f. repetĕre to repeat.]
I.
1. a. The action of repeating or saying over again something which one has already said; reiteration; an instance of this.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 163 b, Of curiosite to saye theyr duty agayne, or to saye it with repeticyons. 1557Bible (Genev.) Matt. vi. 7 When ye pray, vse no vaine repetitions as the heathen. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 208 Your figure that worketh by iteration or repetition of one word or clause..is counted a very braue figure. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. iii. x. 107 The sacred Scriptures abound in elegant Repetitions. 1751Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess of Bute 19 June, When you do not answer any part of my letters, I supppose them lost, which exposes you to some repetitions. 1798Malthus Popul. (1878) p. vi, I am fearful that I shall appear..to have been guilty of unnecessary repetitions. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 485 Let me recapitulate—for there is no harm in repetition.
b. Rhet. The use of repeated words or phrases.
1533T. Wilson Rhet. 107 b, Repetition is when we begynne diverse sentencies one after another with one and the same worde. 1585Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 65 It is also meit, for the better decoratioun of the verse to vse sumtyme the figure of Repetitioun. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Repetition, (a Figure in Rhetorick) is when a Person thinking his first expression not well understood,..repeats or explains them, another way.
2. a. The action of repeating or saying over something in order to fix or retain it in the memory; † also, the rehearsal of a play.
1581Mulcaster Positions xl. (1887) 231 The morening houres will best serue for the memorie..: the after noone for repetitions, and stuffe for memorie to worke on. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. xxi. (1627) 246 Once gotten, they were easily kept by oft repetition. 1756Foote Engl. fr. Paris ii. Wks. 1799 I. 114 It is now in repetition at the French comedy. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xxx, Of the new details he learned he could only retain a few, and those only by continual repetition.
b. The action of reciting in a formal manner, esp. recitation of something learned by heart; a piece set to be learned and recited.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xl. §1 If the Psalms..deserve to be oftener repeated than they are, but that the multitude of them permitteth not any oftener repetition. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. vi. (1627) 68 There must be daily repetitions and examinations. 1709Steele Tatler No. 79 ⁋1 A Repetition of the following Verses out of Milton. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) iii. viii, Seeing the boy who is next above you flogged for a repetition which you know you cannot say even half so well as he did. 1864Trevelyan Compet. Wallah (1866) 129 Seeing that his boys learn their repetitions and get up in time for morning school.
3. Recital, relation, narration, mention.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. iii. 165 Rich. Foule wrinckled Witch, what mak'st thou in my sight? Q.M. But repetition of what thou hast marr'd. 1607― Cor. v. iii. 144 A name Whose repetition will be dogg'd with Curses. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. iii. (1701) 83/1 By repetition of which accident, Charillus often afterwards defended the Dæmon. 1821Byron Mar. Fal. v. i, Spare us, and spare thyself the repetition Of our most awful, but inexorable Duty.
4. a. The action or fact of doing something again; renewal or recurrence of an action or event; repeated use, application, or appearance.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxi. §2 Because by repetition they..confirme the habites of all vertue, it remaineth that we..keep them as ordinances. 1695Dryden tr. Dufresnoy's Art Painting Observ. ⁋200 The Members would be too naked, if they left not two or three Folds,.. and therefore [they] have us'd those Repetitions of many Folds. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., Habits are acquired by the frequent repetition of actions. 1781Cowper Hope 22 Pleasure is labour too, and tires as much,..By repetition palled, by age obtuse. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop i, These glances seemed to increase her confidence at every repetition. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. v. 148 Genius, getting impatient of universal repetition, strikes out for itself new paths on every side. 1883Century Mag. Oct. 859/2 A notion that architectural beauty is to be attained by an indefinite repetition of ugliness.
b. Mus. (See quots. and cf. repeat n. 2 c, 2 d.)
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 68 When you see this signe {repetn} of repetition, you must begin again, making the note next before the signe..a semibriefe in the first singing. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., Repetition..is also a doubling or trebling, etc. of an interval, or a reiteration of some concord or discord. 1881Grove Dict. Mus. III. s.v., The rapid reiteration of a note is called repetition.
c. The comparative ability of a musical instrument to repeat the same note in quick succession.
1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 285/1 Another common defect is in the ‘repetition’: a key will not rise to the level instantly the finger is raised. 1894T. Elliston Organs & Tuning 148 The..repetition is such that the pipes respond to the most rapid staccato passages.
d. The return of a taste. rare— 1.
1705Jos. Taylor Journ. Edenborough (1903) 49 For my part I only drunk one Glass for curiosity, and I am sure, had the repetition of it 20 times in my stomach.
5. A copy or replica of a thing.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiv. (1856) 299 We saw a couple of icebergs standing alone in the sky, and at their shadowy tops their phantom repetitions inverted. 1881Catal. Nat. Portr. Gallery 255 A small and highly finished repetition of it was recently sold among the artists's works.
6. attrib., as repetition choice, repetition device, repetition phenomenon, repetition rate; repetition clock, a repeating clock; repetition compound (see quot.); repetition compulsion Psychoanalysis, a term first used by Freud to describe behaviour that is caused by a more powerful instinct than that of pleasure, whereby a response is repeated regardless of the result; also transf.; repetition sermon (see quot. 1688); repetition work, the occupation of making the same article over and over again.
1934Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Jan. 254 This difference in *repetition choice correlated with a difference in teachers' ratings on the trait of pride.
1764Ann. Reg. i. 79 The pieces contained in the striking part of the ordinary *repetition clocks.
1957R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. ix. i. 286 *Repetition Compounds.., a type of compound which consists in the repetition of the word constituting its first element: goody-goody, pretty-pretty.
1925A. Strachey tr. Freud's The Uncanny in Coll. Papers IV. 391 We are able to postulate the principle of a *repetition-compulsion in the unconscious mind, based upon instinctual activity and probably inherent in the very nature of the instincts—a principle powerful enough to overrule the pleasure-principle. 1941L. Trilling in D. Lodge 20th Cent. Lit. Crit. (1972) 288 [Freud] first makes the assumption that there is indeed in the psychic life a repetition-compulsion which goes beyond the pleasure principle. 1953A. Koestler in Encounter I. ii. 28/2 British foreign policy..and French internal politics..seem to be dictated by this kind of repetition-compulsion. 1961J. A. C. Brown Freud i. 4 This phenomenon, described by Freudians as the repetition compulsion, is met with most frequently clinically..in the choice of a mate where the same personality type is selected each time. 1974S. Arieti Amer. Handbk. Psychiatry (ed. 2) III. 164/2 In the hyponoic and sometimes..anoetic qualities of the hypnoid state, the dominance of repetition compulsion becomes apparent.
1941L. Macneice Poetry of W. B. Yeats 164 The twentieth century suspected most poetic *repetition-devices.
1954A. H. Maslow Motivation & Personality xi. 188 (heading) *Repetition phenomena; persistent, unsuccessful coping; detoxification.
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 714/1 *Repetition rate, the number of times repetition is demanded in a telephone conversation, this being related to the line or transmitter noise, [etc.]. 1948, etc. [see pulse repetition rate s.v. pulse n.1 6]. 1969Times 4 Feb. 13/3 It [sc. pulsar NP 0532] has the fastest repetition rate of all known pulsating stars.
1624Donne Devot. (ed. 2) 381, I could not heare the Sermon, and these latter Bells are a *repetition Sermon to me. 1688D. Granville in Misc. (Surtees No. 37) 43 It is a custom in the University of Oxford once in the year in the University Church to have a Repetition-sermon..: that repetition task..is the most difficult employment of the whole year.
1897Daily News 18 Nov. 6/2 Another Manchester firm..discharged a fitter employed on simple *repetition work.
II.
7. (Chiefly Sc.) The action of claiming restitution or repayment; a claim of this kind; also loosely, restoration, recovery, repayment.
1533Bellenden Livy i. xiii. (S.T.S.) I. 74 This rite of chevelry, and repeticioun of gudis, began first be ane anciant pepil namit equicoli. 1590Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 543 But prejudice of his repetitioun of the soume abonewrittin payit be him to the said Sir Robert. 1644in Spalding Troub. Chas. I (Spalding Club) II. 313 Everie vther burghe sall haue repetitioun of the tua pairt of the proportioun of excise furneshit by them. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Disc. x. 138 Innocent requiring of my owne, which goes no further than a faire repetition. 1765Act 5 Geo. III, c. 49 §5 Their action..for repetition of any overcharge in such account of expences. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 204 A creditor who had obtained a preference in a ranking to which he was not entitled, was found liable to repetition.
Add:[I.] [4.] e. Sport. A training exercise or activity which is repeated; (a) in Athletics, any of the circuits run during repetition training; (b) in Weight-training, etc.: the exercise of raising and lowering a weight. Usu. in pl., as part of a series or ‘set’.
a1955F. Stampfl On Running ii. 48 A miler..engaged on five three-quarter-mile repetitions will have no option but to run more slowly than at racing pace. Ibid., The six-miler should dispense with time trials altogether, sticking, rather, to three repetitions of two miles at racing speed. 1984Runner (U.S.) Oct. 63/2 Coe ran a set of 20 200-meter repetitions, averaging 27 seconds, resting only 25–45 seconds between each. 1986Runner Mar. 36/2 She loves repetitions on the track and runs them as fast as anyone.
b1956Strength & Health Nov. 49/2 They [sc. the exercises] need not include excessive repetitions. 1962J. Cyriax Bench Weight Training ii. 25 The partner may change his position or exercise after the first or second set of repetitions. 1974G. Hooks Weight Training in Athletics iv. 53 It is a good idea to lower the number of repetitions in each set so that heavier weights can be handled. 1988Muscular Devel. Nov. 27/2 One must train at the highest level of intensity, performing each repetition properly and safely.
[6.] repetition running Athletics, a form of interval running in which the athlete races fast, but rests between circuits instead of keeping on the move.
1955F. Stampfl On Running ii. 48 When *repetition-running reaches racing speed, the individual runs should never extend to more than a half of the actual racing-distance. 1964J. K. Doherty Mod. Training for Running v. 114 Repetition running over distances between 220 yards to 880 yards. 1985H. Wilson in H. Payne Athletes in Action 41, I would suggest that repetition running becomes more useful than interval running as the competition season approaches.
repetition training Athletics, training by repetition running.
1966R. Clarke Unforgiving Minute vii. 64 We..pressed on with *repetition training, running one-quarter repetitions between the furlong posts. 1978F. S. Pyke et al. in Focus on Running vi. 137 The ability to sustain a sprinting effort depends on the quality of the lactic acid energy system which is taxed by repetition training.
▪ II. repeˈtition2 rare—1.|riː-|
[re- 5 a.]
A new petition or request.
1759Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 240 Repetitions, when they are supported with new reasons,..are justifiable in all cases. |