| 释义 |
▪ I. mero-1|ˈmɛrəʊ|
before a vowel mer-, combining form of Gr. µέρος ‘part, fraction’, occurring in various scientific and technical terms; sometimes opposed to holo-. In terms of Crystallography (merohedral, merosymmetry, etc.), it denotes that a crystal or crystalline form is deficient in the number of faces requisite to build up the geometrically complete form belonging to its system. ˈmerocrine |-kraɪn| a. Physiol. [ad. F. mérocrine (L. Ranvier 1887, in Jrnl. de Micrographie XI. 9), f. Gr. κρίν-ειν to separate], of, pertaining to, or designating a gland in which secretion is unaccompanied by any substantial change in the secreting cells; meroˈcyanine Chem. [so called from having part of the structure of cyanine dyes], any of a class of neutral dyes (many of which are used as sensitizers for photographic emulsions) in which a nitrogen atom (usu. part of a basic heterocycle) is linked to a carbonyl group (usu. part of an acidic heterocycle) by a conjugated chain of carbon atoms; freq. attrib. in merocyanine dye; ˈmerocyte Biol. [Gr. κύτος hollow: see -cyte], the segmenting nucleus of a meroblastic ovum (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1890); meroˈgastrula Biol., the gastrula of a meroblastic egg (Cent. Dict. 1890); meroˈgenesis Biol., segmentation; hence merogeˈnetic a., pertaining to or characterized by merogenesis (Cent. Dict.); meroistic |-ˈɪstɪk| a. Biol. [Gr. ᾠόν egg], producing imperfect as well as fully developed ova; meroˈmictic a. [ad. G. meromiktisch (I. Findenegg 1935, in Internat. Rev. d. ges. Hydrobiol. XXXII. 377), f. Gr. µικτός mixed], applied to a lake in which, when overturn occurs, water below a certain depth does not take part in it owing to its high density (usu. the result of a high salt concentration); so meroˈmixis [Gr. µίξις mixing], the state of being meromictic; ˈmeromorph, meroˈmorphic adjs. Math. [Gr. µορϕή form], similar in nature to a rational fraction (Cent. Dict.); meroˈmyosin Biochem., either of the two fractions obtained from myosin by the action of enzymes, of which the lighter fraction consists of long rod-shaped molecules from the ‘tail’ of the myosin molecule and the heavier one consists of molecules having a short rod-shaped portion attached to a globular ‘head’; meropaˈronymy [paronymy], incomplete paronymy; meroˈplankton Biol. [back-formation from the adj.], a collective term for aquatic organisms that are meroplanktonic; meroplankˈtonic a. [ad. G. meroplanktonisch (E. Haeckel Plankton-Studien (1890) iii. 25)], passing only part of the life-cycle drifting or swimming weakly in water; ˈmerosome Zool. [Gr. σῶµα body], a segment of the body of a segmented animal (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence meroˈsomal a., pertaining to or of the nature of a merosome; meroˈzoite Zool. [ad. F. mérozoïte (P. L. Simond 1897, in Ann. de l'Institut Pasteur XI. 551): see -zoite], (in many sporozoa, esp. in the orders Coccidia and Hæmosporidia) any of the cells produced by multiple fission (schizogony) of a schizont.
1905Gould New Med. Terms 358/1 *Merocrine. 1928E. V. Cowdry Special Cytol. I. ii. 36 The sweat, or sodoriferous glands, are of distinctly different nature... Ranvier speaks of these glands as ‘merocrine’. 1958Gray's Anat. (ed. 32) 1302 Most of the sweat glands are merocrine in nature, i.e. produce their thin watery secretion without demonstrable changes in the gland epithelium. 1965Lee & Knowles Animal Hormones v. 91 [In the thyroid gland] the colloid is secreted from the surface of the epithelium into the lumen of the acinus (merocrine secretion).
1937L. G. S. Booker U.S. Pat. 2,078,233 27 Apr. 6/1 It has recently been proposed to call the dyes of this new and very large class, *merocyanine dyes. 1955D. Graham in H. A. Lubs Chem. Synthetic Dyes & Pigments xii. 676 The λ max. of a strongly polar merocyanine dye shifts to a shorter wavelength with an increase in polarity of the solvent. The λ max. of a weakly polar merocyanine shifts to longer wavelengths. 1956K. M. Hornsby Basic Photogr. Chem. iii. 34 While these merocyanines are..useful sensitisers, those containing a > C {b2} S grouping..can be converted to more complex dyes. 1973Nature 21–28 Dec. 508/1 This was achieved in a giant axon using a merocyanine dye; in a stained axon a single action potential gave rise to a fluorescence increase which was detectable with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10:1.
1881Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XII. 555/1 The *merogenesis (segmentation or bud-formation) can only show itself by..compelling..the organs or regions of the body of the primary unit to assume the form of new units.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vii. 443 Dr. A. Brandt has proposed the term panoistic for ovaries of the first mode, and *meroistic for those of the second and third modes of development of the ova here described. 1888[see panoistic].
1937Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. XXXIII. 74 The lake is in fact *meromictic, to use Findenegg's (1935) useful term. 1970Limnol. & Oceanogr. XV. 363 (heading) Physicochemical limnology and geology of a meromictic pond on the Red Sea shore.
1955Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol. de Marchi VIII. Suppl. 141 (heading) Längsee: a history of *meromixis. 1970Limnol. & Oceanogr. XV. 363 The meromixis is described of a small (140 × 50 m) coastal pond on the Sinai shore of the Red Sea.
1952A. G. Szent-Györgyi in Federation Proc. XI. 297/1 The fraction with the lower sedimentation constant (*meromyosin-L), has the peculiar solubility of myosin... The fraction with the higher S20 (meromyosin-H), is soluble at any KCl concentration at pH 7 and precipitates at pH 5·1. 1966McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 258/2 These experiments have shown that the myosin molecules aggregate in an antiparallel, overlapping fashion, the straight L-meromyosin forming the backbone of the filament and the H-meromyosin constituting the cross bridges.
1889Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. VIII. 519/2 The host of cases (easily found in any large English dictionary) in which two or more possible forms are wanting, may be accepted as illustrations of partial paronymy or *meroparonymy.
1909Groom & Balfour tr. Warming's Oecol. Plants xxxviii. 161 These terms ‘neritic’ and ‘pelagic’ or ‘oceanic’ plankton approximately correspond to Haeckel's ‘*meroplankton’ [printed ‘neroplankton’] and ‘holoplankton’. 1942H. U. Sverdrup et al. Oceans xvii. 814 This temporary element, or meroplankton as it is sometimes called, is especially abundant in the neritic waters. 1967Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. V. 241 The results are summarized and brought together in a voluminous thesis on the larvae of Crustacea Decapoda of the meroplankton of the Gulf of Marseilles. 1973Nature 16 Feb. 475/2 There are few comparable estimates of growth efficiencies for meroplankton species.
1893G. W. Field tr. Hæckel's Planktonic Stud. in Rep. U.S. Comm. Fisheries 1889–91 583 The *meroplanktonic organisms..are found swimming in the sea only for a part of their lives, passing the other part vagrant or sessile in the benthos. 1903Amer. Naturalist XXXVII. 516 The meroplanktonic stage..was apparently suppressed even in the earliest species of Fulgur. 1963J. E. G. Raymont Plankton & Productivity in Oceans xiv. 371 Even with coastal or neritic plankton it is not the meroplanktonic species which cause the main seasonal fluctuations.
1900Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 336 In the author's nomenclature this process of asexual multiplication is known as schizogony, the mother-cells are schizonts, and the daughter-cells *merozoites. 1940L. H. Hyman Invertebrates I. iii. 144 The growing vegetative parasite is called a trophozoite. When this..undergoes multiple fission directly into agametes, it is called a schizont or agamont, the multiple fission is termed schizogony or agamogony, and the agametes are known as merozoites. 1967J. H. Wilmoth Biol. Invertebr. ii. 40/2 Among the Coccidia, multiple division occurs during both asexual and sexual phases. Eimeria schubergi parasitizes the intestinal cells of the centipede, Lithobius. Infective sporozoites invade epithelial cells of the host. Schizogony produces many merozoites which are freed to invade new cells.
Add: meroˈdiploid a. Genetics, having second copies of only part of the normal chromosome complement; incompletely diploid; also as n., a merodiploid organism.
1961Jacob & Wollman Sexuality & Genetics Bacteria xii. 209 From such heterogenotes, whether *merodiploid as in limited transduction by λdg or meropolyploid as in sexduction, all possible segregants may be obtained, whether haploid or merodiploid (or meropolyploid) homogenotes or heterogenotes. 1980Nature 7 Feb. 599/1 We compared the transcription of r-protein mRNA in haploid and merodiploid strains. 1983J. R. S. Fincham Genetics x. 266 Strains harbouring F1-elements are partial diploids (or merodiploids).
▪ II. mero-2|ˈmɪərəʊ-, mɪəˈrɒ-|
combining form of Gr. µηρός ‘thigh’, occurring in certain mod. scientific terms. ˈmerocele Path., femoral hernia; hence meroˈcelic a., of or belonging to merocele (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1890). merocerite |-ˈɒsəraɪt| Zool. [Gr. κέρας horn], one of the joints in the antennæ in crustaceans, which rests upon the ischiocerite; hence meroceritic |-səˈrɪtɪk| a., of the nature of or pertaining to a merocerite. merognathite Zool. [Gr. γνάθος jaw: see -ite], the fourth joint of a crustacean gnathite. meropodite |-ˈɒpədaɪt| Zool. [Gr. ποδ-, πούς foot], that joint of an endopodite which is borne on the ischiopodite; meropoˈditic a., pertaining to or of the nature of a meropodite (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1902).
1802W. Turton Med. Gloss., *Merocele. 1835–6Todd's Cycl. Anat. I. 396/1 Hernia of the bladder..is developed at the same point as a merocele.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vi. 314 To its inner portion an ischiocerite is connected, bearing a *merocerite and carpocerite.
1859Salter in Brit. Org. Rem., 1st Monograph 43 *Merognathite.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life 94 The fourth, the longest of all the segments..is known as the *meropodite. |