| 释义 |
Mercury, n.|ˈmɜːkjʊərɪ|
Forms: 4–5 marcure, 4–7 mercurie, 5 mercurye, 5–7 mercure, 6 marcury, 7 dial. marcary, markry, 5– mercury.
[ad. (partly through OF. Mercure, Marcure) L. Mercuri-us, prob. f. merc-, merx merchandise.
The Roman deity was prob. originally the god of commerce only; but in Latin literature he appears as completely identified with the Greek Hermes.
The transferred application to the planet is found in classical Latin; like the other planetary names, Mercurius became in med. Latin the name of a metal. The astronomical and chemical uses are common to the mod. European langs.; the use as a plant-name is Eng. only, suggested by L. mercuriālis (see mercurial B).]
I. The god (and derived senses).
1. A Roman divinity, identified from an early period with the Greek Hermes (son of Jupiter and Maia), the god of eloquence and feats of skill, the protector of traders and thieves, the presider over roads, the conductor of departed souls to the Lower World, and the messenger of the gods; represented in art as a young man with winged sandals and a winged hat, and bearing the caduceus.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 667 For mercurie miche spak to mentaine iangle, Ȝe holden him..god of þe tounge. 1390Gower Conf. II. 158 An other god..Mercurie hihte..The god of Marchantz and of thieves. 1509Hawes Joyf. Med. 20 Thou Mercury the god of eloquence. 1564Brief Exam. B iiij b, Wyne was consecrated vnto Bacchus,..Letters vnto Mercury. 1595Lyly Woman in Moone iv. i, I will make her false and full of slights, Theeuish, lying, suttle, eloquent; For these alone belong to Mercury. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 105 Now Mercury indue thee with leasing. 1602― Ham. iii. iv. 58. 1781 Cowper Conversat. 838 May Mercury once more embellish man.
2. A statue or image of Mercury; spec. = herma; hence, † a sign-post.
1644Evelyn Diary 8 Nov., A noble fountaine govern'd by a Mercury of brasse. 1667Dryden & Dk. Newcastle Sir M. Mar-all iv, I stand here, methinks, just like a wooden Mercury, to point her out the way to matrimony. 1693G. Stepny in Dryden's Juvenal viii. (1697) 194 Those rough Statues on the Road (Which we call Mercuries). a1697Aubrey Surrey (1719) II. 92 Here was formerly a Mercury, or Directory-Post for travellers, with Hands pointing to each Road. 1709Steele Tatler No. 89 ⁋11 You may be sure this addition disfigured the statues much more than time had. I remember..a Mercury with a pair of legs that seemed very much swelled with a dropsy. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) II. 42 Have you any more blocks, madam, for the hewing out of our mercuries?
3. Applied transf. to persons:
a. A messenger or news-bearer.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, ii. i. 88 But he (poore man) by your first order dyed, And that a winged Mercurie did beare. 1678Baller in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) II. 31 Mr. Gibbons (the mercury of these) waits on horseback at the door. 1678Abp. Sancroft Occas. Serm. (1694) 131 We give the Winds Wings, and the Angels too; as being the swift Messengers of God, the nimble Mercuries of Heaven. 1864Athenæum 7 May 637 These chicken-hearted Mercuries [post-boys] always pulled up in Hammersmith, and drank their pint before they faced the common.
b. One who passes to and fro with messages between parties, esp. in amorous affairs; a go-between.
1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. ii. 82 But what saies shee to mee? be briefe my good shee-Mercurie. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 268 Elgaz-zuli a nimble mercurie undertakes it, and by miraculous conceits agrees them, and fills up the late made breach. 1749Smollett Gil Blas (1797) III. 138, I am on the eve of becoming Mercury to the heir of the Kingdom. 1803Censor 1 Aug. 93 He should sound her maid, who..will prove herself a very Mercury in delivering the letters that may be entrusted to her on either side. 1817Byron Beppo xvi, A letter, Which flies on wings of light-heel'd Mercuries.
c. A guide or conductor upon the road.
1592Moryson Lett. in Itin. i. 25 The Mercury you gave to guide me, brought me meate plentifully. 1617Ibid. iii. 11 God for his onely begotten Sonnes sake (the true Mercury of Travellers) bring us that are here strangers safely into our true Countrey. 1641J. W[adsworth] (title) The European Mercury. Describing the Highwayes and Stages from place to place, through the most remarkable parts of Christendome. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 284 Others, as the Stoicks, to account reason, which they call the Hegemonicon, to be the common Mercury conducting without error those that give themselves obediently to be led accordingly.
†d. A nimble person; also, a dexterous thief.
1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. i. ii, I would ha' those Mercuries follow me (I trow) should remember they had not their fingers for nothing. 1609Ev. Woman in Hum. i. i. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, There again my little Mercuries, froath them up to the brimme, and fill as tis needeful.
†e. One who hawks pamphlets or news-books.
1648Commons' Jrnls. V. 436 That thirty thousand of these petitions were to come forth in print this day, and delivered to the Mercuries that cry about books. 1655Fuller Hist. Camb. 24 Circumforanean Pedlers (ancestors to our modern Mercuries and Hawkers) which secretly vend prohibited Pamphlets. 1721Lett. fr. Mist's Jrnl. (1722) II. 256 The Croud of Coffee-Men, Mercuries, Pamphlet-Shop-Keepers, and Hawkers.
4. A title for a newspaper or journal. † Formerly also used gen. = newspaper.
[1626B. Jonson Staple of News i. v, But what sayes Mercurius Britannicus to this?] 1643(title) The Scotch Mercury, communicating the affairs of Scotland and the Northern Parts. No. 1, Oct. 5. 1644Nicholas in Carte Ormond (1735) III. 279 Whereof your Excellence will find exact relation in the mercuries adjoined. 1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 56 With letters hung like Eastern Pidgeons, And Mercuries of furthest Regions. 1691(title) The Athenian Mercury. Numb. 2. 1725Stamp-Office Notice 3 Apr. in Lond. Gaz. No. 6362/1 No Journal, Mercury or Newspaper. 1791D'Israeli Curios. Lit., Orig. Newspapers §14 A Mercury was the prevailing title of these ‘News-Books’. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxi. IV. 542 No allusion to it [the bill of 1695 for the regulation of the press] is to be found in the Monthly Mercuries. 1906(title) The Leeds Mercury.
II. The planet.
5. Astr. The planet nearest to the sun, and the smallest of the major planets.
c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 703 And thus, god woot! Mercurie is desolat In Pisces, wher Venus is exaltat. 1390Gower Conf. III. 110 Of the Planetes the secounde Above the Mone hath take his bounde, Mercurie. c1440Promp. Parv. 333/2 Mercurye, sterre, mercurius. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. (Percy Soc.) 74 Fayre golden Mercury, wyth hys bemes bryght. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iii. 25 My Father..who being (as I am) lytter'd vnder Mercurie, was likewise a snapper-vp of vnconsidered trifles. 1642Howell For. Trav. v. (Arb.) 33 Mercury swayeth ore the one [a Frenchman], and Saturne ore the other [a Spaniard]. 1832MacGillivray Humboldt's Trav. xxiii. 336 At..Callao, Humboldt had the satisfaction of observing the transit of Mercury. 1880Ball Elem. Astron. 191 The time in which Mercury revolves round the sun is 87 days.
6. Her. The name for the tincture purpure in blazoning by the names of the heavenly bodies.
1562Leigh Armorie 18, I will speake of the Planet appropried therto [sc. to the tincture purpure] and that hyght Mercurye. 1572J. Bossewell Armorie ii. 57 The fielde is Mercury, an Equicerve, of the Moone. 1725J. Coats Dict. Heraldry (1739). 1828–40Berry Encycl. Herald. I.
III. (With lower-case initial.) The metal (and derived senses).
7. A well-known metal (otherwise called quicksilver), of a silver-white colour and brilliant metallic lustre. It is liquid at ordinary temperatures, solidifying at about -40°. It has the peculiar property of absorbing other metals, forming amalgams. It is found native, but is more commonly obtained by sublimation from cinnabar, its most important ore. Chemical symbol Hg (hydrargyrum). By the alchemists it was represented by the same sign as the planet Mercury (☿).
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 219, 221 And in amalgaming and calcening Of quik-silver, y-clept Mercurie crude... Our orpiment and sublymed Mercurie. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 318 Gold perteynyng to þe sonne..Þe fegetyff mercury, on-to mercuryus. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 363 They..amalgame it..with Mercurie or quicksyluer. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. x. 235 The fume of Mercurie is mortall. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 226 Sublimed Mercury is called onely by the name of Mercury, and by the vulgar speech, some call it white Marcary and Markry. 1614W. Barclay Nepenthes A 6 b, There is no vegetall in the world, hath such affinitie with any minerall, as hath Tabacco with Mercure, or quicke⁓siluer. 1758[see Jupiter 2 b]. 1863Fownes' Chem. (ed. 9) 392 Alloys of mercury with other metals are termed amalgams.
b. A preparation of the metal or of one of its compounds (esp. the protochloride or calomel, and the bichloride or corrosive sublimate), used in medicine.
1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 659 Bolus of Rhubarb and Mercury. Take of the best rhubarb..half a drachm; of calomel, from four to six grains. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 73 He took no mercury nor any other medicine. 1903Sloan Carlyle Country xv. 125 Dr. Bell gave him mercury and solemnly commanded him to abstain from tobacco.
c. The column of mercury in a barometer or thermometer. Also fig.
1704Phil. Trans. XXIV. 1629 An Experiment, to show the cause of the descent of the Mercury in the Barometer in a Storm. 1729Clarke tr. Rohault's Nat. Philos. 72, I filled a Tube three Foot and a half long, with Quicksilver,..I..observed exactly the Height of the Mercury. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 44 The mercury falls below 33 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. 1883I. L. Bishop in Leis. Hour 195/1 The mercury has not been above 83°. 1897Westm. Gaz. 4 June 2/1 People would like to stand in front of the mercury of war and see it rise or fall.
d. vegetable mercury: (a) a name for the Brazilian plant Franciscea uniflora (Treas. Bot. 1866); (b) see quot. 1887.
1887Standard 16 Sept. 5/2 The tree tomato..on the Spanish Mainland is known as..the ‘vegetable mercury’, from its supposed beneficial effect on the liver.
8. Old Chem.
a. One of the five elementary ‘principles’ of which all material substances were supposed to be compounded; also called spirit.
b. mercury of metals: see quot. 1727–52.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. iv. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 145 Mercury and Sulphure vive. 14..Pater Sapientiae ibid. 197 Some say that of Sulphur and Mercury all Bodyes minerall are made. 1592–3G. Harvey New Lett. Wks. (Grosart) I. 294 Three drops of the Mercury of Buglosse will strengthen the brain. 1605Timme Quersit. Ded., The spirit of the world..moueth..in all creatures, giving them existence in three, to wit—salt, sulphure, and mercury. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 177 The Mercury of the Manna being brought to the fluid Nature of a Spirit, becomes a Solutive for Minerals. 1727–52Chambers Cycl., Mercury of metals, or of the philosophers, is a pure fluid substance in form of common running mercury, said to be found in all metals, and capable of being extracted from the same. 1729Clarke tr. Rohault's Nat. Philos. xx. 109 Hence they conclude, that these five Substances, viz. Mercury, Phlegm, Sulphur, Salt and Caput mortuum,..are the only and the true Elements of all..Mixed Bodies. 1731P. Shaw Three Ess. Artif. Philos. 36 Attempts for procuring the Mercuries of the several Metals, to profit.
†9. fig. as an emblem of sprightliness, liveliness, volatility of temperament, inconstancy, wittiness, etc. Often in phr. to fix the mercury (of). Obs.
1682Dryden Medal 263 Religion thou hast none: thy mercury Has passed through every sect, or theirs through thee. 1693Congreve Old Bach. i. iv, As able as yourself and as nimble too, though I mayn't have so much mercury in my limbs. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Mercury, Wit. 1704Swift Tale of a Tub Pref. ⁋4 The moderns have artfully fixed this mercury [sc. Wit] and reduced it to circumstances of time, place, and person. 1709Felton Classics (1718) 9 'Tis difficult to fix the Mercury, and settle a brisk, lively Temper in a laborious plodding Track of Learning. 1710Palmer Proverbs 200 They are all mercury; and a piece of wit, a bottle, or a jest, is a comfort, and supports 'em. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 265 He [Buckingham] was so full of mercury that he could not fix long in any friendship or to any design. 1732Pope Ess. Man ii. 177 'Tis thus the Mercury of Man is fix'd. a1797Walpole George II (1847) II. vii. 218 He had too much mercury and too little ill-nature to continue a periodical war.
IV. As a plant-name. [After L. (herba) mercurialis, mercurial B 1; cf. L. Hermūpoa (Pliny) a. Gr. *Ἑρµοῦ πόα.]
10. a. The pot-herb allgood, Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus. Also English mercury, false mercury.
a1400–50Stockh. Med. MS. p. 203 Mercurie or papwourtz or þe more smerewourt: mercurialis. c1450ME. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 74 Take malues, & mercurye, & seþe hem wyþ a messe of porke. 1548[see 10 b]. 1578Lyte Dodoens v. xi. 561 In English, Good Henry and Algood: of some it is taken for Mercurie. 1584Cogan Haven of Health xxix. 45 It is a common prouerbe among the people, Be thou sicke or whole, put Mercurie in thy coole. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. xliv. 259 English Mercurie, or good Henrie. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 144 Mercurie is much vsed among other pot-hearbes. 1731Gentl. Mag. I. 314 Take Marsh Mallow Leaves the Herb Mercury, Saxifrage and Pellitory of the Wall of each..three handfulls. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xvii. (1794) 221 The English Mercury or Allgood. 1865W. White East. Eng. II. 12 One of the dishes contained Mercury, a vegetable which I had never seen before.
b. The euphorbiaceous poisonous plant Mercurialis perennis. Also dog's mercury, wild mercury.
1548Turner Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 53 Mercurialis is called..in englishe Mercury... The herbe whiche is communely called in englishe mercury hath nothyng to do wyth mercurialis. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. lii. 77 In English wilde Mercury, and Dogges Call. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. xlviii. 263 Of wilde Mercurie... Dogs Mercurie. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 390 If you take white Hellebor, and the rindes of wilde Mercury..and lay them in the Mole-hole..it will kill them. 1762B. Stillingfl. in Misc. Tracts 216 Dogs mercury has been given internally, for want of knowing the natural classes. 1853Johnston Bot. E. Bord. 175 Mercurialis perennis. Mercury. 1887Pall Mall G. 27 June 5/2 The dog's mercury raises its fresh yellow suckers for the spring shoots. 1893E. H. Barker Wand. South. Waters 57, I stood amidst the poisonous dog-mercury.
c. The euphorbiaceous plant Mercurialis annua. Also baron's mercury, boy's mercury, French mercury, garden mercury, girl's mercury, maiden mercury.
According to Britten and Holland, the baron's or boy's is the female and the girl's the male mercury.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. lii. 75 The male garden Mercury, or the French Mercury. Ibid. 78 Phyllon... The male is called ἀρρενογόνον, whiche may be Englished Barons Mercury or Phyllon, or Boyes Mercury or Phyllon. And the female is called in Greeke θηλυγόνον: and this kinde may be called in English Gyrles Phyllon or Mercury, Daughters Phyllon, or Mayden Mercury. 1601R. Chester Love's Mart., etc. (N. Shaks. Soc.) 82 Sweete Sugar Canes, Sinkefoile, and boies Mercurie.
d. Scotch mercury, the snapdragon, Digitalis purpurea. three-seeded mercury, the euphorbiaceous genus Acalypha.
1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 488 Acalypha Virginica. Three-seeded Mercury. 1853Johnston Bot. E. Bord. 157 Digitalis purpurea..Fox-glove... Scotch Mercury. Wild Mercury.—Common.
V.
11. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 7) mercury cup, mercury pump; mercury arc lamp (also ellipt. as mercury arc) = mercury vapour lamp; mercury arc rectifier, a rectifier consisting of one or more graphite or iron anodes and a mercury pool cathode enclosed in an envelope from which the air has been pumped out; mercury fulminate, fulminate of mercury; mercury gilding (see quot. 1960); mercury goosefoot = 10 a, above; mercury lamp = mercury vapour lamp; mercury pool, a mass of liquid mercury, esp. one used as an electrode; † Mercury rod, the caduceus; mercury rust, a fungus, Uredo confluens, on the leaves of Dog's Mercury; † Mercury's finger, (a) = hermodactyl 1; (b) a finger-post; † mercury sublimate, corrosive sublimate; mercury vapour lamp, a lamp in which light (rich in the ultra-violet) is produced by an electric discharge through mercury vapour, the envelope being often coated with a fluorescent substance so as to produce more visible light (cf. fluorescent lamp); mercury vapour pump, a pump for producing high vacua which works by entraining molecules of the gas to be evacuated in a jet of mercury vapour; mercury vapour rectifier = mercury arc rectifier; † Mercury's violets, Canterbury Bells, Campanula Medium; † mercury-water, (a) a preparation of aqua regia and corrosive sublimate (see aqua mercurialis in Chambers Suppl. 1753); also (see quot. 1799); (b) a wash for the skin prepared from mercury; † mercury woman (see quot. and cf. Mercury 3 e).
1906Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engin. XXIV. 372 The constant current *mercury arc rectifier system, as used for operating..mercury arc lamps..is sketched diagrammatically. 1916F. B. Pidduck Treat. Electr. ix. 363 The absence of strong lines in the red unfits the mercury arc for certain purposes. 1936Teago & Gill Mercury Arcs ii. 13 Steel containers are used for demountable mercury arcs of large output. 1971New Scientist 3 June 564/1 The conventional sources of infrared radiation are hot bodies (the globar or mercury arc lamp).
1906*Mercury arc rectifier [see mercury arc lamp above]. 1930Engineering 24 Jan. 109/3 A 650-volt direct-current supply from mercury arc rectifiers. 1966G. F. Allen Brit. Rail after Beeching v. 133 In the Eastern Region's multiple-units..the resultant distortions in the electrical circuitry were aggravated by serious failures of the mercury-arc rectifiers.
1849Noad Electricity 403 Used to connect the *mercury cups of a small battery.
1904Kynoch Jrnl. Oct.–Dec. 199 The flame from the *mercury fulminate..ignites the charge of explosive contained in..the case. 1973L. Russell Everyday Life Colonial Canada xii. 150 The hammer [of a gun] was reduced to a simple head, designed to strike the top of the copper [percussion] cap. Under this top was a pinch of mercury fulminate, a compound so unstable that a moderate impact causes it to explode.
[1910R. L. Hobson Worcester Porc. xii. 100 A radical change came over the ware about 1780, when the cheaper process of mercurial gilding came into use... This later gilding has a more metallic and brassy appearance.] 1957Mankowitz & Haggar Conc. Encycl. Eng. Pott. & Porc. 95/2 *Mercury gilding was introduced about 1785. 1960R. G. Haggar Conc. Encycl. Cont. Pott. & Porc. 207/1 s.v. Gilding, Mercury-gilding came in about 1780, and consisted of a mixture of gold with mercury which could be painted onto the ware, the mercury being driven off as a vapour during the firing process. 1971Country Life 10 June 1419/2 This mercury gilding was harder, longer wearing and more brilliantly lustrous than honey gilding, but tended to display a brassy tinge.
185.Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. IV. 276 *Mercury Goosefoot, or Good King Henry.
1904Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engin. XXII. 73 Hewitt's investigations..are..pioneer work in the field of the *mercury lamps. 1966Hewitt & Vause Lamps & Lighting xviii. 276 Mercury lamps are used for street lighting and to a limited extent in industrial installations.
1907Franklin & Esty Elem. Electr. Engin. II. ix. 172 The mercury-arc rectifier consists essentially of a highly exhausted glass bulb..with two iron or graphite electrodes..and the *mercury-pool electrode. 1956Nature 11 Feb. 267/2 Industrially, the polarograph is finding an ever-increasing application as a continuous service indicator. For such purposes, the mercury-pool anode is unsatisfactory. 1970J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) xxv. 799 The connexions apply equally to 3- and 6-anode mercury-arc rectifiers in which case all the ‘cathodes’ are common and are in fact the mercury pool.
1873Atkinson Ganot's Physics (ed. 6) 147 Morren's *mercury pump..a mercurial air pump.
1625Bacon Ess., Unity in Relig. (end), Therefore it is most necessary, that..all Learnings,..as by their *Mercury Rod, doe damne and send to Hell, for euer, those Facts and Opinions.
1864Cooke in Pop. Sci. Rev. III. 336 *Mercury Rust (Uredo confluens) on leaf of Mercurialis perennis.
1589Rider Bibl. Scholast. 1748 An hearb called *Mercuries finger, Hermodactylus. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 431 The herb called Mercuries-fingers or Dogs bane. 1640Bp. Reynolds Passions xxiv. (1647) 245 Precedents having the same precedence to Reason in vulgar judgements, which a living and accompanying guide hast to a Mercuries finger in a Travellers conceit.
1707Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 186 A French party..took some medicaments from them, among which was *mercury sublimate. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 86 Mercury sublimate or corrosive sublimate.
1904Brit. Pat. 3657 2 The light given out is similar to that which is given out by an ordinary *mercury vapour lamp. 1909Westm. Gaz. 6 Mar. 3/2 A ‘new’ process of sterilising milk by exposing it to the ultra-violet rays of a mercury-vapour lamp. 1943J. B. Priestley Daylight on Saturday i. 2 The factory inside is..lit with innumerable mercury-vapour lamps that produce a queer greenish-white mistiness of light. 1955E. B. Ford Moths i. 15 Owing to the high power and surface-brightness of a mercury-vapour lamp, such a source may provide a more efficient means of collecting than an ordinary light. 1972New Yorker 26 Aug. 20/3 In the glare of mercury-vapor street lamps, the Bronx presents a silent, bland, greenish face.
1926J. H. Smith tr. Dunoyer's Vacuum Practice i. 42 In *mercury vapour pumps the size of the orifice through which the vapour is driven is..of secondary importance. 1966Adam & Edwards tr. Diels & Jaeckel's Leybold Vacuum Handbk. i. vi. 90 Special forms of cold traps with maximum practicable conductivity have been designed for large mercury vapour pumps.
1908M. Solomon Electr. Lamps xi. 283 This property of the mercury-vapour arc has led to the invention and development of *mercury-vapour rectifiers. 1966R. G. Kloeffler Electron Tubes ix. 194 The mercury-vapor rectifier diode uses a hot cathode and mercury vapor under a low pressure.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cix. 363 Couentrie bels are called..*Mercuries violets.
1634Sanderson Serm. II. 291 There is a secret poyson in it, which in time will..seize upon every part; and, like *mercury-water or aqua fortis, eat out all. 1676Shadwell Virtuoso iii. 55 All manner of Washes, Almond-water, and Mercury-water for the Complexion. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 131 note, Mercury-water, so called by the workmen, is thus prepared. Take plate-tin of Cornwall, calcine it, [etc.].
1661Blount Glossogr. s.v. Hawkers, Those people which go up and down the streets crying News-books, and selling them by retail, are also called Hawkers. And those women that sell them by whole-sale from the Press, are called *Mercury Women. |