| 释义 |
▪ I. mason, n.1|ˈmeɪs(ə)n|
Forms: α. 3 machun, machoun, mascun. β. 4 mazoun, 4–5 macon, masown(e, 4–6 masoun, 6 masin, masson, maison, meson, Sc. maissoun, 7 Sc. meason, 5–6 masone, 4– mason.
[The α and β forms are respectively a. ONF. machun and Central OF. masson, maçon (mod.F. maçon) = Pr. masso:—popular Latin type either *mā̆ciōn-em (mā̆cio) or *mattiōn-em (mattio). The recorded forms in med.L. are machio (7th c. in Isidore, who explains the word as a derivative of māchina machine), matio (8th c. in the Reichenau Glosses, c 1000 in ælfric), macio, mattio, mactio, and (latinized from the Fr.) macho, maco.
The ulterior etymology is obscure. The evidence of Isidore tends to show that the form with c is original, and some scholars have suggested that the word is from the root of L. māceria. wall. On the other hand, the stem mattiōn- agrees with the OHG. mezzo (also in comb. steinmezzo, mod.G. steinmetz, stonemason):—prehistoric *mattjon-. This is commonly regarded as the source of the Rom. word, but it has no affinities in Teut. (unless it be cogn. w. OE. mattuc mattock), and may be adopted from late Latin.]
1. A builder and worker in stone; a workman who dresses and lays stone in building.
c1205Lay. 15465 Machunnes heowen. Ibid. 15478 Machunes [c 1275 machuns]. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 71/33 Machouns..Bi laddren cloumben up and doun. a1300Floris & Bl. (Cambr. MS.) 326 Ber wiþ þe squire and schauntillun, Also þu were a gud Mascun. 13..K. Alis. 2370 On either half they laiden on So the mason on the ston. c1400Rom. Rose 4148 Aboute him lefte he no masoun, That stoon coude leye, ne querrour. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxviii. 577 Ye are more like a Kyng than a mason or laborer. 1535Coverdale 1 Chron. xxiii. 15 Mesons and carpenters in stone and tymber. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. ii. 198 The singing Masons building roofes of Gold. 1697E. Lhwyd in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 503 The Masons Marks on the Stones. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 237 The White Mason, which is the Hewer of Stone. 1874Parker Goth. Archit. i. iii. 34 The Normans being far better masons than the Saxons. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 71 Masons totally declined to set stones shaped and dressed by machinery.
2. = freemason 1, 2.
[1425Rolls of Parlt. IV. 292 Les annuelx congregaions & confederacies faitz par Masons en lour generall Chapiters & Assembles.] 1483Aberdeen Reg. (1844) I. 39 The masownys of the luge. 1672Marvel Rehearsal Transp. i. Wks. (Grosart) III. 55 As those that have the Mason's word, secretly discern one another. 1731Gentl. Mag. I. 431 The Author tells us, that a Mason is obliged by his Tenure, to obey the Moral Law. 1772Wesley Jrnl. 22 Apr. (1827) III. 446, I preached..in the Masons' Lodge. 1776A. Adams in J. Adams' Fam. Lett. (1876) 151 The Dr. was buried on Monday; the Masons walking in procession from the State House. 1845D. Jerrold Mrs. Caudle viii, Do you suppose I'd ever suffered you to go and be made a mason, if I didn't suppose I was to know the secret, too?
3. attrib. and Comb. as mason-craft; mason-like adv.; mason-work, stone-work, masonry; also in a number of obs. compounds where the attrib. use takes the place of the possessive mason's, as mason-axe, mason-chip, mason-device, mason-line, mason-lodge, mason-rule.
1412–13Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 610 Factura de *Mason axes, pickes [etc.]. [c1440Promp. Parv. 329/1 Masonys ex, lathomega.] 1497–8Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 90 Pro vj mason axis.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 687/32 Hic petro, a *mason schype. 1509–10Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 95 Pro cariagio lyme,..mason chippes and fier erth.
1412Catterick Ch. Contract (Raine 1834) 8 He sall make the Kirke..newe als werkemanschippe and *mason craft will. 1418Twenty-six Polit. P. (E.E.T.S.) 62/42 Þe wyseman his sone forbed Masoun-craft and all clymbyng. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 59 Bright, nimble creatures [swallows], who taught you the mason-craft?
c1400Destr. Troy 1645 Toures..Made all of marbyll with *mason deuyse. [Ibid. 10584 A toure..Meruelously made with masons deuyse.]
1387in Registr. Cart. Eccl. S. Egidii (Bann. Cl.) 25 Tha ylk men sal mak..a wyndow with thre lychtys in fourme *masonnelyke.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 687/35 Hec amussis, a *mason lyne.
1797Monthly Mag. III. 215/1 In some *Mason Lodges in his neighbourhood, Burns had soon the fortune..to gain the notice of several gentlemen [etc.].
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 687/33 Hec regula, a *mason rewlle.
1629Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) I. 370 For working of the *meason work..of the liberarie hous. 1859Tennyson Vivien 4 It look'd a tower of ruin'd masonwork. 1896Archæol. Jrnl. LIII. 39 Detached blocks of stone, presenting well-marked indications of mason-work.
b. in the names of animals, esp. certain insects, which build a nest of sand, mud, or the like; as mason-ant (= F. fourmi maçonne), mason-fly; mason-bee (= F. abeille maçonne), an insect of the genera Osmia, Chalcidoma and Anthophora; mason-spider, a trap-door spider (Mygale); (free) mason-wasp, a solitary wasp, Odynerus murarius. Also mason-shell, a genus of molluscs (Phorus or Xenophora) which carry pieces of coral, stone, etc. fixed to the shell; a carrier-shell.
1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xvii. (1818) II. 97 M. Huber..speaking of a *mason-ant, not found with us.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VIII. 93 *Mason Bees make their cells with a sort of mortar, made of earth. 1867Intell. Observ. No. 60. 415 Mason-bees of the genus Anthophora.
1750G. Hughes Barbadoes 83 It is called a *Mason-fly from the great quantity of mire and mortar which it carries into houses and elsewhere, wherewith to build its nests.
1884Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) I. 326 The..genus..Phorus, which embraces the carrier or *mason-shells of the eastern seas.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxxiv. 492 The trapdoor or *mason spider (Mygale cœmentaria). 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. v. ii. 260 The Mygales (Crab Spiders and Mason Spiders).
1792M. Riddell Voy. Madeira 73 The free *mason wasp is so domestic as to build its nest, which is made of mud or clay, in the inhabited chambers of houses. 1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1818) I. 449 One species called by Reaumur the mason-wasp (Odynerus muraria, Latr.).
Hence ˈmasonship.
1833Carlyle Ct. Cagliostro ii. Misc. (1857) III. 270 Cagliostro, then, determines on Masonship. 1881Daily News 17 Feb. 5/2 His [Herr Pietsch's] elaborate investigation of Goethe's fifty years of Masonship.
▪ II. † ˈmason, n.2 slang. Obs.
One who acquires goods fraudulently by giving a bill which he does not intend to honour. Also † ˈmasoner (in the same sense); † ˈmasoning vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1753Discov. J. Poulter (ed. 2) 6, 24, 27, 29.
▪ III. mason, v.|ˈmeɪs(ə)n|
Also 5 masown, masson.
[ad. F. maçon-ner (12th c.), f. maçon mason n.1]
trans. To build of stone (or brick, etc.); to construct of masonry; to build up or strengthen with masonry. Also with together, out.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. x. (1869) 7 She hadde founded thilke house and masowned it..xiij c. yer and xxx bifore that time. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. xiv. 117 With certain yssues and steppes welle massonned. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. i. 1 Al buyldynges are masoned and wroughte of dyuerse stones. 1682Wheler Journ. Greece iv. 295 A round Temple of Brick, masoned together with a very hard cement. 1703Chatsworth Building Accts. in Jrnl. Derbysh. Archæol. Soc. (1881) III. 31 For masoning, raising and setting upp 4 other urnes. 1862Latham Channel Isl. iii. xviii. (ed. 2) 412 About fifty yards south from the temple were five tumuli, masoned on every side. 1881Contemp. Rev. Apr. 510 The watercourse beneath it is masoned out with solid stone.
absol.c1483Caxton Dialogues 40/9 Laurence the masone Hath take to masone.
†b. To build in or into (a wall). Obs.
1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters b iv, A trevet in the middest of the fornys with the iii fete masoned in the wall of it. 1596Danett tr. Comines (1614) 217 He caused also to bee masoned into the wall a great number of iron speares.
Hence ˈmasoning vbl. n.
1711C. Lockyer Trade in India ii. 44 Masoning is what they understand least of. |