| 释义 |
▪ I. mash, n.1|mæʃ|
Forms: 1 másc-, máx- (in Comb. máscwyrt, máxwyrt), 5 masche, 6–7 mashe, 6–9 mesh, 6– mash. See also mash-fat.
[OE. másc-, máx-, corresponds to late MHG., mod.G. meisch masc., crushed grapes for wine-making, infused malt for beer (also, in 15th c. coupled with met mead, in a gloss for L. mulsum), and to Sw. mäsk, Da. mask, grains for pigs. It has been variously regarded as related by ablaut to OE. miscian to mix, and as cogn. w. OSl. mĕzga sap.]
1. a. Brewing. Malt mixed with hot water to form wort.
[c1000: see mash-wort in 5 below. 1335, etc.: see mash-fat.] 1587Harrison England ii. vi. 169/2 in Holinshed, She letteth her mash run till the malt be left without liquor. 1729G. Smith Fermentation 28 Some farther sprinkle the top of the Mash over with dry Malt ground. 1742Lond. & Country Brew. i. (ed. 4) 23 The Malt..is worked by several Men with Oars..and is called the first and stiff Mash. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 151 The first mash is agitated and allowed to rest during a longer period than the second. 1889Barnard Noted Breweries I. 241 The grist is covered with water a second and sometimes even a third time, the extract being always called a ‘mash’.
†b. transf. The substance upon which the liquor is poured in lixiviation. (Cf. mash v.1 1 c.) Obs.
1775New Hampsh. Prov. Papers (1873) VII. 653 The Liquor may then be..put on another mash [in the making of salt petre].
2. A mixture of boiled grain, bran or meal, etc., given as a warm food to horses and cattle. Also with qualifying word, as bran-mash: see bran.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 131 Graines..mingled with Floure, fried Beanes, and meale of Lentyls all stirred together, and giuen him in a mash. 1614B. Jonson Barth. Fair iv. iii, How now! my Galloway Nag, the staggers? ha!..I'le gi' him a mash, presently, shall take away this dizzinesse. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 328 A Mash, or Mesh; Ground-Corn, or such like, boiled in Water for Cattle to eat. 1726Swift Gulliver iv. ii, So that each Horse and Mare eat..their own Mash of Oats and Milk. 1844Stephens Bk. of Farm §1558 The mash [for farm-horses] consists of either steamed potatoes, boiled barley or oats, mixed sometimes with bran. 1881Besant & Rice Chapl. of Fleet ii. xix, [He] was..superintending the preparation of a warm mash for his hack.
3. a. gen. Something reduced to a soft pulpy consistence, by beating or crushing, by mixing with or steeping in water, etc.
1598Florio, Mescola,..a medlie, a mixture, a blending, a mesh, a hochpoch. 1658A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. iii. xxiii. 291 Boil it [flesh] again to a mash... Then spread that mash on a thick cloth, apply it like a Cataplasm. 1690N. Lee Massacre of Paris v. ii. 45 With this mangled flesh held to Heav'n, This horrid mash of Blood, and Bone, and Marrow..I beg the Power Divine [etc.]. 1701Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. IX. 50 An empty pipe or two to put the mash of the apples in. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 8 June, The pallid, contaminated mash, which they call strawberries; soiled and tossed by greasy paws through twenty baskets crusted with dirt; and then presented with the worst milk. Ibid. 13 July, One of his great toes was crushed into a mash. 1816L. Towne Farmer & Grazier's Guide 13 After the Grass has been chewed over again, it is reduced to a kind of Mash, not unlike boiled Spinach. 1880J. Payn Confid. Agent II. 107 The streets are one mash of snow.
transf.1852Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour viii. 33 He [a huntsman who had had many injuries from falls] was a complete mash of a man.
b. fig. A confused mixture; also, a muddle, ‘hash’. (Cf. mish-mash.)
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iv. xi, Bray. I haue made a faire mash on't. 1851Helps Comp. Solit. vi. (1874) 85 Our charity is so mixed up in a mash of sentiment and sickly feeling. 1861Thornbury Turner (1862) II. 163 His will is an extraordinary mash of grammar.
c. (without article.) The state of being mashed or reduced to a soft mass. lit. and fig. Chiefly in to beat, boil, etc. to mash, in mash.
1630Lord Banians 88 Some [of the earth's inhabitants] blowne from the tops of high mountains, other bruised to mash. 16..Ballad of Robin Hood & Tanner xxi. in Child Ballads III. 138/2 For here we may thresh our bones all to mesh, And get no coyn at all. 1691J. Wilson Belphegor iii. iv, She 'as beaten me to mash. 1693Dryden Let. Wks. 1893 XVIII. 111 Buy me a sieve-full [of damsons] to preserve whole, and not in mash. 1751Lady Luxborough Let. to Shenstone 5 Sept., The paper is boiled to mash. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) II. 115 [He] dashed all the eggs into mash. 1839J. Rayson Poems (1858) 34 But we've a gipsy creature here In vice will bang them aw to mash.
d. slang. Mashed potatoes; esp. in the phr. sausage(s) and mash.
1904A. E. W. Mason Truants xxii. 213, I..go into a public-house..and have a sausage and mash and a pot of beer. 1939W. S. Maugham Christmas Holiday i. 7 They could drop in..and eat kedgeree and sausages and mash. 1973‘H. Carmichael’ Too late for Tears vi. 85 He..ordered sausage and mash with peas. 1974Woman 4 May 18/1 Sizzling sausages and tasty mash.
4. = mash-staff (Heraldry).
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 296/2 He beareth Azure, a Brewers Mash in Bend sinister.
5. attrib. and Comb.: mash † bowl, † mash coomb, mash keeve; † mash-back, a receptacle into which the mash is drawn off from the mash-tub; mash-cooler (see quot.); mash copper, a copper in which wort is made; mash-liquor, the water put to the malt in the process of mashing; mash-machine (see quot.); mashman, an operative in a brewery or distillery who has charge of the mashing of malt; mash-pulper = mash-machine (Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 1884); mash-roll (dial. -rule), -rudder, -staff, the instrument used to stir the malt in the mash tub; mash-tub, tun, vat, a tub in which malt is mashed; † mash-wise adv., after the manner of a mash; mash-wort (OE. máscwyrt), wort, infused malt. Also mash-fat.
1729G. Smith Fermentation 28 Put 'em into the *Mash⁓backs to ferment.
a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 196 Than Elynour taketh The *mashe bolle.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Mash-cooler, a stirring-trough in which mash or wort are stirred to expedite cooling.
1588Lanc. Wills III. 137 In the..brewe house..one *mashe combe.
1864Auld Ayr 93 The measurement of the *mesh copper.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 580 The worts..were run through the *mash-kieve.
1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 155 If a *mash-liquor be of such heat as is [etc.].
1839Ure Dict. Arts 111 The malt is agitated..by a mechanism contained within the mash-tun... The *mash machine is shown.. in fig. 106.
1889Barnard Noted Breweries I. 191 Two or three of the *mash-men..had been in the same occupation..over forty years.
1388–9in 1st Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 80/1 De xviiid. solutis pro ii. *masshe rolles in pistrina. c1440Promp. Parv. 328/1 Maschel, or rothyr, or maschscherel, remulus, palmula, mixtorium. 179.Pegge Derbicisms (E.D.S.) 111 Mash-roll, the staff with which they stir the malt in the mash-tub. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Mash-rule, the instrument used for stirring up the malt and hops in brewing.
1454in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 555/1, 2 *mash rothers. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Baking, Let one put in the Water, and another with the Mash-Rudder stir some of the Flower therewith.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 296/2 The Pole is termed a *Mash-Staff. 1841Hartshorne Salop. Antiq., s.v. Mash fat, The grain is stirred round with a wooden implement, termed a mash⁓staff.
1543in Trevelyan Papers (Camd.) 185 The bruyng howse... Item ij. new malte sackes... Item a *maxstobe. 1683Tryon Way to Health 154 Put it into your Mash-Tub. 1837Whittock, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 69 The ‘mash-tub’..is a large vessel which has a false bottom..pierced with small holes.
1713J. Ward Yng. Math. Guide (ed. 2) 450, I have omitted the Business of gauging *Mash-Tuns. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. vi. 277 Your Mesh Tun must be..big enough to contain 6 Bushels of Malt. 1880Act 43 & 44 Vict. c. 24 §23 (3) The distiller must convey the specified sugar..to the mash tun.
1729G. Smith Fermentation 28 The Malt being first put into your *Mash⁓vat or Tub.
1610Markham Masterp. i. lvii. 121 Let his drinke be warme water and branne made *mash-wise.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 216 Drince wermod on *max-wyrte awyllede. Ibid. III. 74 ᵹenim mascwyrt. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts I. 316 The whole of the drainage, when mixed with the first mash-wort, constitutes [etc.].
▪ II. mash, n.2|mæʃ|
[Hindī māsh.]
A common Indian pulse, Phaseolus radiatus.
1800Asiat. Ann. Reg., Misc. Tracts 44/1 The principal crop of this country [Assam] consists of rice and mash.
▪ III. mash, n.3 slang.|mæʃ|
[f. mash v.2]
1. A person on whom one of the opposite sex is ‘mashed’ (see mash v.2 2). Also, a dandy, ‘swell’.
1882Punch 11 Feb. 69/1 At his fav'rite burlesque theatre he's known as ‘such a Mash’. 1888Kipling Phantom Rickshaw 25 She's a hot-headed little virago, your mash.
2. The action of the vb. mash2, in on the mash. Also, to make (or have) a mash (on).
1884E. W. Nye Baled Hay 135 Two Laramie girls on horseback yanking a fly drummer along the street..because he tried to make a mash on them. 1888Daily Tel. 15 Nov. (Farmer), An impecunious fellow who was always on the mash. 1909‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny iv. 61, I certainly seemed to have a mash on her. 1912D. Canfield Squirrel-Cage iii. xxix. 319, I thought it would be fun to tease Paul about the mash you made on old What's-his-name.
Comb. mash note, a love-letter.
1890B. Hall Turnover Club 134 He is greatly afflicted by that dreadful bane of fine-looking actors, yclept the ‘mash note’ in the profession. 1899Chicago Record 7 Jan. 4/6, I was writin' mash notes to myself. 1913R. W. Chambers Gay Rebellion i. 6 That poem seemed to deal a direct blow at this suffragette strike. Several women subscribers sent in mash notes. 1930W. R. Burnett Iron Man 85 He gets mash notes by the ton. 1970New Yorker 14 Nov. 87/2 (Advt.), A pen that roared through the Twenties and Thirties writing checks, letters, autographs..jazz and mash notes.
▪ IV. mash, n.4|mæʃ|
[? f. mash v.1 (sense 2); cf., however, F. masse sledge-hammer, mace n.1]
A hammer for breaking stones. Also mash-hammer.
1825–80Jamieson, Mash-hammer, a large weighty hammer for breaking stones, &c., Aberd. 1886J. Barrowman Gloss. Sc. Mining Terms in N. & Q. Ser. vii. (1888) VI. 264 Mash, a double-headed hammer for breaking coals. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Mash, a mason's large iron hammer. 1902Cassell's Cycl. Mech. II. 205/1 [Granite] mouldings..are cut..with a small hand hammer, called a mash hammer. Ibid. 238/1 Tools for dressing Granite... A hand hammer (sometimes termed a mash or maul).
▪ V. mash, n.5
Eng. and U.S. dial. variant of marsh.
▪ VI. mash, v.1|mæʃ|
Forms: 3 meshe, meysse, 5 masche, 6 mas(s)he, mes(s)he, 6–7 meash(e, 6, 8 mesh, 7 messh, 8 marsh, 6– mash.
[f. mash n.1; the earliest forms appear to point to an OE. *mǽscan (:—*maiskjan) f. másc- (see the n.). Cf. G. meischen, Sw. mäska, Da. mæske.]
1. Brewing. trans. To mix (malt) with hot water to form wort. (Also with up.)
13..[implied in mashing vbl. n.]. c1440Promp. Parv. 328/1 Maschyn, yn brewynge, misceo. 1577Harrison England i. iii. i. 96/1 in Holinshed, They seeth theyr woort..before they mashe, or mixe it with the mault. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 496 Quasse, which is nothing else (as we say) but water turned out of his wits, with a litle branne meashed with it. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farm 589 You must boile it [the malt] well, then mash it. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 104/2 Terms used by Beer-Brewers... Mash it up, blend or mixt [sic] the Malt and warm Water together in the Comb. 1745Dodsley Agric. i. 131 Some expert..To mash the malted barley, and extract Its flavour'd strength. 1880Act 43 & 44 Vict. c. 24 §24 A distiller must not mash any materials..between eleven o'clock [etc.]. 1889Barnard Noted Breweries I. 22 Each tun mashes 800 bushels at one time.
absol. or intr.1692Y-worth Art Distill. 10 The stiffer you Mash, the better it is. 1743Lond. & Country Brewer iv. (ed. 2) 272 Stir the Malt very well in, and let it stand two Hours, and let that run, and mash again. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 223 The practice of some distillers is to mash four times.
†b. To brew (ale, beer, etc.). Also with out.
1530Palsgr. 633/2 Come and drinke with us, we mashe to morowe. Ibid. 759/1, I tonne, I masshe ale, je brasse. 1592Greene Upst. Courtier Wks. (Grosart) XI. 274 And you masse Brewer, that..mash out a tunning of smale beare. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. ix. xxviii, Yet was it Angels wine, which in her eyes was masht.
†c. To lixiviate (ashes). Obs. rare—1.
1605Timme Quersit. ii. iii. 115 The lye-wash which is made of ashes and water; the which being oftentimes messhed and drawen away, the ashes leave all their life and strength.
d. dial. To infuse (tea). Also intr. of the tea: To draw. (Cf. mask v.3 2.)
1845Round Preacher v. 83, I suppose as you..put the tea in the oven to mash, before you went to chapel. 1876M. E. Braddon J. Haggard's Dau. I. 304 ‘The tea's mashed’, she said. 1891Cotes 2 Girls on Barge 36 Mrs. Bargee ‘mashed’ our tea... To mash your tea is colloquial canal.
2. To beat into a soft mass; to crush, pound, or smash to a pulp. Also with up.
a1250Owl & Night. 84 Ac þu þretest to mine fleshe, Mid þine cliures woldest me meshe. 1642H. More Song of Soul iii. App. lxxxvii, Let him..persist Th' intentionall species to mash and bray In marble morter. 1679C. Nesse Antid. agst. Popery Ded. 3 A sharp threshing instrument..to mash in pieces those mighty mountains. 1715–20Pope Iliad xxiii. 778 This hand shall..Mash all his bones, and all his body pound. 1719E. Baynard Health (1731) 28 It's [sc. the heart's] office is to mesh and beat, And make the Chyle consimulate with balmy Blood and nitrous Air. 1780Phil. Trans. LXXII. 44 The foot..looked as if two had been squeezed or rather mashed together. 1781Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) VII. 4892 The room..fell down, killed all the persons in it, and so mashed their bodies, that..they could not be known one from another. 1844Browning Laboratory 9 Grind away, moisten and mash up thy paste. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. ii, She [a steam-boat] mashed up Thames lightermen with her paddles. 1893Scribner's Mag. June 713/2 A falling limb [of a tree] mashes some poor fellow's shoulder.
b. To pound or stamp one's way.
1859Dickens T. Two Cities i ii, With drooping heads and tremulous tails, they mashed their way through the thick mud.
†c. To make a ‘hash’ of. Obs.
1642H. More Song of Soul Notes 162/1 Greek writers have strangely mash'd this word {hebhe}ו{hebhe}י, some calling it ἰωβὰ, others ἰαὼ.
d. intr. To admit of being crushed or pounded.
1877Le Conte Elem. Geol. (1879) 183 The lower one [lamination line]..consists of coarse sand which could not mash, and therefore has been thrown into folds.
3. esp. in the preparation of food: To reduce (fruit, vegetables, etc.) to a homogeneous mass by crushing, beating, or stirring.
1615Markham Eng. Housew. (1660) 83 Open the pye, and put the Cream therein, and mash the Codlins all about. 1699Evelyn Acetaria 105 Yolks of..Eggs.. to be mingl'd and mash'd with the Mustard, Oyl, and Vinegar. 1747H. Glasse Cookery i. 11 Put them [sc. turnips] in a Pan and mash them with Butter and a little Salt. 1759tr. Duhamel's Husb. iii. xii. §6. 417 [The grapes] are thrown into large tubs, and there mashed or bruised to pieces. a1845Hood Drop of Gin iii, No cold mutton to hash,..not even potatoes to mash. 1861Calverley ‘There stands a City’ 45 At my side she mashed the fragrant Strawberry.
b. fig.
1827Scott Jrnl. 28 Mar., I can clear the ground better now by mashing up my old work..with new matter. 1858E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 266 Many Quatrains are mashed together. 1865Lond. Rev. 9 Sept. 271/1 There is no tendency whatever on the part of womandom to mash up their ‘rights’ and ‘wrongs’ into a ‘patent treacle’.
†4. To mix, mingle. Obs.
a1591H. Smith Serm. (1594) 467 The Lord will not haue the wine of his word to be mingled and mashed with the water of humane inuentions. 1607[cf. mashing b]. 1611Cotgr., Mistionner, to mix, mingle, mash, mell, blend, or temper with. 1722Sewel Hist. Quakers vii. 383 Ye are so forward to mash the Innocent and Guilty together.
5. To feed with a mash. rare.
1859Times 28 Mar. 8/4 How say you, Lord Derby?.. Will you be stalled and stabled, and mashed..in Lord Palmerston's stables?
Add:6. U.S. colloq. a. intr. Freq. const. down. To apply pressure, to press down, esp. forcefully (on).
1903Dialect Notes II. v. 320 Mash down on the trunk lid so I can lock it. 1936R. Johnson Terraplane Blues (song) in P. Oliver Screening Blues (1968) vi. 189 And when I mash down on your little starter, then your spark plug will give me fire. 1951W. Faulkner Requiem for Nun ii. ii. 182 He knows that all he's got to do is, just wait and keep his hand on you and maybe just mash hard enough with it, and you'll get another passel of money and diamonds too out of your husband or your pa. 1987Fortune 2 Feb. 98/3 Drivers are mashing down on the accelerator when they think they are hitting the brakes. 1994St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (City ed.) 18 May 3/1 Everyone in the car was saying, ‘Slow down,..for the red light!’.. Yet he mashed on the gas.
b. trans. To press down, esp. forcefully; to squeeze. Also fig., to stifle.
1931F. Hurst Back Street ii. xxviii. 169 She began to mash her hand against her mouth, to mash back the growing laughter. 1972C. Buchanan Maiden ii. 19 He mashed her hand a final time and bounded off into the neon night. 1985New Yorker 18 Nov. 49/1 Trying to get out in a hurry, I mash the gas and spin the wheels. 1994Washington Times 19 Apr. e19/3 There's none of that jump off the line you get with most other cars, unless you're willing to mash the pedal.
▪ VII. mash, v.2 slang (? orig. U.S.).|mæʃ|
1. trans. To fascinate or excite sentimental admiration in (one of the opposite sex). Also absol.
1882Leland Gypsies 108 These black-eyed beauties by mashing men for many generations, with shafts shot sideways and most wantonly, at last sealed their souls into the corner of their eyes. 1883Masher 4 July 3/1 When a fellow is married, he can't go on mashing, don't you know. 1885F. Anstey Tinted Venus v. 59, I saw directly that I'd mashed her. 1897Barrère & Leland Slang, Jargon & Cant s.v., About the year 1860 mash was a word found only in theatrical parlance in the United States. When an actress..smiled at.. a friend in the audience, she was said to mash him.
2. pass. to be mashed on: to have a sentimental admiration for, to be ‘gone’ on. Also intr.
1883Pall Mall G. 11 Oct. 11/1 The participle ‘mashed’ was in use in America before the substantive. A person who was ‘very spooney on’ another was said to be ‘mashed’. 1893E. J. Milliken ‘'Arry’ Ballads 66 Bell Bonsor is mashed on me proper. 1893McCarthy Dictator II. 22 He is fond of mashing on to young and pretty women.
Hence ˈmashing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1883Illustr. Lond. News 9 June 563/3 Cornet Masham, whose name may..be intended by the author to cover his involuntary ‘mashing’ capacity. 1884Pall Mall G. 11 Aug. 6/2 The ex-Parisian gallant and mashing gay deceiver.
▪ VIII. † mash, v.3 Sc. Obs.
[f. mash n.4]
intr. To use a ‘mash’ hammer.
1762Bp. Forbes Jrnl. (1886) 228 The General made his way..with blowing and mashing, most of the Road being altogether forced on the Declivity of..Mountains.
▪ IX. mash
obs. form of mesh n. and v.
▪ X. mash, v.3
Brit. |maʃ|, U.S. |mæʃ|, Caribbean |maʃ|
[Probably variant of smash v.1 with regional loss of initial s-.]
1. trans. Caribbean. To spoil, damage, or destroy by violence. Also: to cause trouble for (a person), esp. by careless talk. With up.
Past tense and past participle also in form mash.
1924M. W. Beckwith Jamaica Anansi Stories in Mem. Amer. Folk-lore Soc. 17 23 Why Brar Hanansi, a you been mashin' me up? 1942L. Bennett Jamaica Dial. Verses 20 Lawd me life mash up, mash up, mash up, Me noh know 'ow me gwine meck it out! 1968E. Lovelace Schoolmaster xi. 175 They could make a living together. Why now you tell me I must mash up the wedding? 1985C. Phillips Final Passage 101 They probably take him somewhere and mash him up a little. 1990Express (Trinidad & Tobago) 19 Aug. 15 [He] betrayed his depression and anger over the actions of looters. ‘They took out every living thing, and what they did not take they mash up’, he said. 1992Voice 22 Dec. 20/4 Invite him into your bedroom with a smile..then mash up his new game by dunking it in the goldfish bowl.
2. trans. slang (orig. Jamaican). to mash it up: (in the context of a musical performance) to liven things up; to perform with great style or verve.
1979Melody Maker 24 Feb. 18/3 Right now the only way I could see to help out is to start our own business, a studio in Jamaica. When we have a studio, we'll mash it up. 1988St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 1 May 2 f, Glancing at the stage, where roadies were busy rigging wires and amplifiers, one of the visitors said to the other, ‘He's gonna ‘mash it up’ tonight, mon.’ 1997Straight no Chaser Spring 79/1 You find yourself grinning from ear to ear as Idris Mohammed and Sly Dunbar mash it up stereophonically on the drums and Dean retains a rude boy stance on the horn. 2002List ((Glasgow & Edinb. Events Guide)) 4 July 35/4 More two man DJ action as Carol and Parisio pick up the pace and mash it up big time. |